The application of industrial solid wastes as environmentally functional materials for air pollutants control has gained much attention in recent years due to its potential to reduce air pollution in a cost-effective ...The application of industrial solid wastes as environmentally functional materials for air pollutants control has gained much attention in recent years due to its potential to reduce air pollution in a cost-effective manner.In this review,we investigate the development of industrialwaste-based functional materials for various gas pollutant removal and consider the relevant reaction mechanism according to different types of industrial solid waste.We see a recent effort towards achieving high-performance environmental functional materials via chemical or physical modification,in which the active components,pore size,and phase structure can be altered.The review will discuss the potential of using industrial solid wastes,these modified materials,or synthesized materials from raw waste precursors for the removal of air pollutants,including SO_(2),NO_(x),Hg^(0),H_(2)S,VOCs,and CO_(2).The challenges still need to be addressed to realize this potential and the prospects for future research fully.The suggestions for future directions include determining the optimal composition of these materials,calculating the real reaction rate and turnover frequency,developing effective treatment methods,and establishing chemical component databases of raw industrial solid waste for catalysts/adsorbent preparation.展开更多
Aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs)have been regarded as promising alternatives to Li-ion batteries due to their advantages,such as low cost,high safety,and environmental friendliness.However,AZIBs face significant challe...Aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs)have been regarded as promising alternatives to Li-ion batteries due to their advantages,such as low cost,high safety,and environmental friendliness.However,AZIBs face significant challenges in limited stability and lifetime owing to zinc dendrite growth and serious side reactions caused by water molecules in the aqueous electrolyte during cycling.To address these issues,a new eutectic electrolyte based on Zn(ClO_(4))_(2)·6H_(2)O-N-methylacetamide(ZN)is proposed in this work.Compared with aqueous electrolyte,the ZN eutectic electrolyte containing organic N-methylacetamide could regulate the solvated structure of Zn^(2+),effectively suppressing zinc dendrite growth and side reactions.As a result,the Zn//NH4 V4 O10 full cell with the eutectic ZN-1-3 electrolyte demonstrates significantly enhanced cycling stability after 1000 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).Therefore,this study not only presents a new eutectic electrolyte for zinc-ion batteries but also provides a deep understanding of the influence of Zn^(2+)solvation structure on the cycle stability,contributing to the exploration of novel electrolytes for high-performance AZIBs.展开更多
Herein,a series of manganese oxide catalysts with different valences(Mn_(3)O_(4),Mn_(2)O_(3),and MnO_(2))were designed and synthesized for the synthesis of ethylene urea(EU)from ethylenediamine(EDA)and carbon dioxide(...Herein,a series of manganese oxide catalysts with different valences(Mn_(3)O_(4),Mn_(2)O_(3),and MnO_(2))were designed and synthesized for the synthesis of ethylene urea(EU)from ethylenediamine(EDA)and carbon dioxide(CO_(2)).With a maximal EDA conversion of 82%and EU selectivity of 99%at 160℃ for 2 h,Mn_(2)O_(3) catalysts had the best catalytic activity among them,which was superior to the reported catalysts.In the following order:Mn_(2)O_(3)>MnO_(2)>Mn_(3)O_(4),the catalytic activity for the synthesis of EU from CO_(2) and EDA decreased.Further characterization showed the Mn_(2)O_(3) catalyst possessed a greater Mn^(3+)/Mn4+ratio and more surface oxygen vacancies than the MnO_(2) and Mn_(3)O_(4),which improved its capacity to adsorb and activate CO_(2) and EDA.After four recycling runs,the EDA conversion slightly declined from 82%to 56%on Mn_(2)O_(3) catalyst,while no obvious change in EU selectivity was observed.The loss of surface Ov contents and Mn^(3+)proportion were concluded as main reasons for the decrease in catalytic activity over Mn_(2)O_(3) catalyst.This work demonstrated a metal oxide catalyst that was efficient in producing EU from CO_(2) and EDA.展开更多
Objectives Primary prevention targeting modifiable risk factors would reduce the global burden of colorectal cancer,but the quantitative results are uncertain.We aimed to assess the global burden of colorectal cancer ...Objectives Primary prevention targeting modifiable risk factors would reduce the global burden of colorectal cancer,but the quantitative results are uncertain.We aimed to assess the global burden of colorectal cancer attributed to modifiable lifestyle factors and quantify the potential increase in life expectancy resulting from the elimination of these risk factors.Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021,we examined colorectal cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life years attributed to modifiable risk factors(including smoking,diet low in whole grains,diet low in milk,diet high in red meat,diet low in calcium,diet high in processed meat,and diet low in fiber)at the global,regional,and national levels from 1990 to 2021.The abridged period life table method was utilized to quantify the potential gain in life expectancy from eliminating these risk factors.Results Globally in 2021,57.1%of colorectal cancer deaths and 56.4%of disability-adjusted life years were preventable,with rates of 7.55(4.94–9.64)and 174.67(114.54–222.24)per 100,000 population,respectively.The modifiable burden has diminished in the high,high-middle,and low socio-demographic index quintiles and remained steady in the middle one.However,there is a concerning increase in the low-middle one.In 2021,the elimination of global colorectal cancer attributed to modifiable factors would increase the life expectancy for males and females by 0.107 and 0.109 years,respectively.Conclusion Our results quantitatively demonstrate the substantial burden reduction in colorectal cancer and the significant gain in life expectancy that can be achieved by eliminating modifiable lifestyle factors.展开更多
Single-pixel imaging(SPI)enables efficient sensing in challenging conditions.However,the requirement for numerous samplings constrains its practicality.We address the challenge of high-quality SPI reconstruction at ul...Single-pixel imaging(SPI)enables efficient sensing in challenging conditions.However,the requirement for numerous samplings constrains its practicality.We address the challenge of high-quality SPI reconstruction at ultra-low sampling rates.We develop an alternative optimization with physics and a data-driven diffusion network(APD-Net).It features alternative optimization driven by the learned task-agnostic natural image prior and the task-specific physics prior.During the training stage,APD-Net harnesses the power of diffusion models to capture data-driven statistics of natural signals.In the inference stage,the physics prior is introduced as corrective guidance to ensure consistency between the physics imaging model and the natural image probability distribution.Through alternative optimization,APD-Net reconstructs data-efficient,high-fidelity images that are statistically and physically compliant.To accelerate reconstruction,initializing images with the inverse SPI physical model reduces the need for reconstruction inference from 100 to 30 steps.Through both numerical simulations and real prototype experiments,APD-Net achieves high-quality,full-color reconstructions of complex natural images at a low sampling rate of 1%.In addition,APD-Net’s tuning-free nature ensures robustness across various imaging setups and sampling rates.Our research offers a broadly applicable approach for various applications,including but not limited to medical imaging and industrial inspection.展开更多
This work investigates the transient performance and stability of CO_(2)/H_(2)O co-electrolysis in an air-free environment using a flat-tube solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)stack.The results showed that the transie...This work investigates the transient performance and stability of CO_(2)/H_(2)O co-electrolysis in an air-free environment using a flat-tube solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)stack.The results showed that the transient behavior of the stack with and without blowing gas into the air electrode is almost the same.With a current density of 0.67 A·cm^(-2)@750℃,the stack operated for over 200 h under co-electrolysis conditions without air blowing,and the voltage drop rate of the stack was approximately 0.203%/100 hours.Microstructure analysis revealed a significant loss of nickel particles and an apparent for-mation of an insulating phase strontium chromate(SrCrO4)on the surface of the current collection layer of the air electrode,which are identified as key factors contributing to the performance degradation of the stack.This study provides a reference for development of efficient fuel preparation technology based on SOEC stack in airless environments.展开更多
Cancer screening is a strategy focused on highrisk populations rather than universal populationwide screening, based on a comprehensive evaluation of epidemiological principles and practical feasibility. The effective...Cancer screening is a strategy focused on highrisk populations rather than universal populationwide screening, based on a comprehensive evaluation of epidemiological principles and practical feasibility. The effectiveness of screening depends on factors such as disease prevalence, as well as the sensitivity and specificity of the screening technology employed.展开更多
Metal nanoparticle(NP_S)catalysts exhibit desirable activities in various catalytic reactions.However,the sintering of metal NPs at high-temperatures even in reducing atmospheres limits its practical application.In th...Metal nanoparticle(NP_S)catalysts exhibit desirable activities in various catalytic reactions.However,the sintering of metal NPs at high-temperatures even in reducing atmospheres limits its practical application.In this work,we successfully synthesized TPA-ZSM-5 with pit-type defects by treating the ZSM-5 with tetrahydroxy ammonium hydroxide(TPAOH),which was then used as a support to prepare Ag-based and Cu-based catalysts.Stability testing results show that the Ag/TPA-ZSM-5 catalyst treated at 800℃with H_(2) could maintain the high performance in NH_(3)-SCO and the Cu/TPA-ZSM-5 catalyst treated at 900℃ with N_(2) could maintained its excellent activity in NH_(3)-SCR,however,the activities of Ag/ZSM-5 and Cu/ZSM-5 were drastically decreased or even deactivated after high-temperature treatment.In addition,a series of characterization analyses revealed that the excellent thermal stability is attribute to the presence of pit-type defects in the TPA-ZSM-5 as physical barriers to slow down or even inhibit the Ag NPs and Cu NPs sintering process.The strategy of using the pit-type defects to inhibit the sintering of metal NPs and improve the thermal stability can greatly enhance the practical application of catalysts.展开更多
The application of generative artificial intelligence(AI)is bringing about notable changes in anime creation.This paper surveys recent advancements and applications of diffusion and language models in anime generation...The application of generative artificial intelligence(AI)is bringing about notable changes in anime creation.This paper surveys recent advancements and applications of diffusion and language models in anime generation,focusing on their demonstrated potential to enhance production efficiency through automation and personalization.Despite these benefits,it is crucial to acknowledge the substantial initial computational investments required for training and deploying these models.We conduct an in-depth survey of cutting-edge generative AI technologies,encompassing models such as Stable Diffusion and GPT,and appraise pivotal large-scale datasets alongside quantifiable evaluation metrics.Review of the surveyed literature indicates the achievement of considerable maturity in the capacity of AI models to synthesize high-quality,aesthetically compelling anime visual images from textual prompts,alongside discernible progress in the generation of coherent narratives.However,achieving perfect long-form consistency,mitigating artifacts like flickering in video sequences,and enabling fine-grained artistic control remain critical ongoing challenges.Building upon these advancements,research efforts have increasingly pivoted towards the synthesis of higher-dimensional content,such as video and three-dimensional assets,with recent studies demonstrating significant progress in this burgeoning field.Nevertheless,formidable challenges endure amidst these advancements.Foremost among these are the substantial computational exigencies requisite for training and deploying these sophisticated models,particularly pronounced in the realm of high-dimensional generation such as video synthesis.Additional persistent hurdles include maintaining spatial-temporal consistency across complex scenes and mitigating ethical considerations surrounding bias and the preservation of human creative autonomy.This research underscores the transformative potential and inherent complexities of AI-driven synergy within the creative industries.We posit that future research should be dedicated to the synergistic fusion of diffusion and autoregressive models,the integration of multimodal inputs,and the balanced consideration of ethical implications,particularly regarding bias and the preservation of human creative autonomy,thereby establishing a robust foundation for the advancement of anime creation and the broader landscape of AI-driven content generation.展开更多
Objective To systematically evaluate the overall efficacy of external application of traditional Chinese medicine(EA-TCM)in combination with oral three-step analgesic ladder therapy for patients suffering from cancer-...Objective To systematically evaluate the overall efficacy of external application of traditional Chinese medicine(EA-TCM)in combination with oral three-step analgesic ladder therapy for patients suffering from cancer-induced bone pain(CIBP).Methods We conducted a literature search of randomized controlled trials on the combination of EA-TCM and three-step analgesic ladder therapy for CIBP across ten databases and two registration systems.It included four Chinese databases[Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(SinoMed),China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Database,and China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP)],six English databases(Scopus,Embase,Web of Science,PubMed,Cochrane Library,and OpenGrey),and two registration systems(Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and ClinicalTrials.gov).The timeframe for the literature search extended from the inception of each database to December 31,2023.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan(v5.4.1),and the outcome indicators(pain relief rate,analgesic duration,quality of life,pain intensity,breakthrough pain frequency,and adverse reactions)were graded using GRADE profiler(v3.6).Results According to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria,a total of 43 studies was deemed eligible,involving 3142 participants with CIBP.The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with oral three-step analgesic ladder therapy alone,the combined therapy of EA-TCM and three-step analgesic ladder has a significant improvement in pain relief rate[risk ratio(RR)=1.32,95%confidence interval(CI):1.24 to 1.41,P<0.00001],analgesic duration[mean difference(MD)=1.33,95%CI:0.97 to 1.69,P<0.00001],and quality of life(MD=5.66,95%CI:4.88 to 6.44,P<0.00001).Furthermore,the combined therapy significantly reduced pain intensity(MD=-1.00,95%CI:-1.19 to-0.80,P<0.00001),breakthrough pain frequency(MD=-0.43,95%CI:-0.51 to-0.36,P<0.00001),and adverse reactions(RR=0.60,95%CI:0.53 to 0.68,P<0.00001)in CIBP patients.Based on the GRADE assessment,the level of evidence varied from low to moderate.Conclusion EA-TCM combined with the three-step analgesic ladder therapy can effectively alleviate pain symptoms in patients with CIBP and improve their quality of life.Additionally,the EA-TCM can effectively reduce the incidence of adverse reactions associated with threestep analgesic therapy.展开更多
Measurement-while-drilling(MWD)and guidance technologies have been extensively deployed in the exploitation of oil,natural gas,and other energy resources.Conventional control approaches are plagued by challenges,inclu...Measurement-while-drilling(MWD)and guidance technologies have been extensively deployed in the exploitation of oil,natural gas,and other energy resources.Conventional control approaches are plagued by challenges,including limited anti-interference capabilities and the insufficient generalization of decision-making experience.To address the intricate problem of directional well trajectory control,an intelligent algorithm design framework grounded in the high-level interaction mechanism between geology and engineering is put forward.This framework aims to facilitate the rapid batch migration and update of drilling strategies.The proposed directional well trajectory control method comprehensively considers the multi-source heterogeneous attributes of drilling experience data,leverages the generative simulation of the geological drilling environment,and promptly constructs a directional well trajectory control model with self-adaptive capabilities to environmental variations.This construction is carried out based on three hierarchical levels:“offline pre-drilling learning,online during-drilling interaction,and post-drilling model transfer”.Simulation results indicate that the guidance model derived from this method demonstrates remarkable generalization performance and accuracy.It can significantly boost the adaptability of the control algorithm to diverse environments and enhance the penetration rate of the target reservoir during drilling operations.展开更多
Salvia miltiorrhiza(Danshen)is a traditional Chinese herb that is commonly known for its cardiovascular and hepatoprotective benefits.Recent studies have confirmed that Danshen and its bioactive components can influen...Salvia miltiorrhiza(Danshen)is a traditional Chinese herb that is commonly known for its cardiovascular and hepatoprotective benefits.Recent studies have confirmed that Danshen and its bioactive components can influence gut microbial homeostasis,thereby affecting Helicobacter pylori(HP)colonization in the human stomach.HP is a bacterial pathogen associated with various gastrointestinal diseases.Current HP treatments mainly involve antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors.However,their efficacy is strongly compromised by the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance in HP and genetic heterogeneity among patients.The interaction between Danshen and gut microbial status provides a novel perspective for HP treatment.Understanding the medical properties of Danshen in altering gut microbiota and eliminating HP,as well as the underlying mechanisms,is important for improving human gastrointestinal healthcare.This review investigates the interaction between Danshen and gut microbiota and its impact on HP infection using databases including Web of Science,PubMed,and Google Scholar.We explored the unconventional intersection between Danshen,gut microbiota,and HP infection,shedding light on their intricate interplay and potential therapeutic implications.A comprehensive understanding of this interaction provides valuable insights into developing novel therapeutic strategies that target the gut microbiota to mitigate HP-associated gastrointestinal disorders.展开更多
BACKGROUND Prediabetes mellitus(PDM)is receiving increasing attention as a precursor to type 2 diabetes mellitus.Lifestyle and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)inter-ventions are effective for PDM prevention and treat...BACKGROUND Prediabetes mellitus(PDM)is receiving increasing attention as a precursor to type 2 diabetes mellitus.Lifestyle and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)inter-ventions are effective for PDM prevention and treatment.Therefore,we con-ducted a preliminary investigation and an exploratory randomised controlled trial to assess the effects of a combined lifestyle and TCM intervention on PDM indicators.AIM To study the effectiveness of Xiaokeqing granules(XQG)and lifestyle inter-ventions in PDM participants while using metabolomics to identify potential markers.METHODS Forty PDM participants with yin deficiency syndrome with excessive heat were recruited and randomly allocated to the control(Con)group or the XQG group(20 per group).The Con group underwent lifestyle interventions,whereas the XQG group underwent lifestyle and XQG interventions.The follow-up duration was 2 months.Fasting blood glucose,2-hour postprandial glucose(2hPG),gly-cated haemoglobin A1c,fasting insulin,homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance levels,and serum metabolomics characteristics were compared via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis.RESULTS There were significant differences in 2hPG between the two groups(P<0.05)in the intention-to-treat analysis and per-protocol analysis.The intervention method used in this study was safe(P>0.05).Groenlandicine,kaempferol,isomangiferin,etc.,are the XQG constituents absorbed in the blood.N-Nervonoyl methionine and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan are core potential metabolomic biomarkers for the effectiveness of XQG and lifestyle interventions.HTR1A,HTR2C,SLC6A4,etc.,are the core targets of XQG and lifestyle interventions,as well as the reason for their clinical efficacy.Possible mechanistic pathways include tryptophan metabolism,pantothenate and certificate of analysis biosynthesis,lysine degradation and biosynthesis of cofactors.CONCLUSION This pilot study provides evidence that a combined XQG and lifestyle intervention can improve 2hPG in par-ticipants with PDM.The mechanism of action is related to multiple constituents,targets and pathways.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colonic neuroendocrine carcinomas(NECs)are highly malignant and invasive with poor prognosis.Long noncoding RNAs(LncRNAs)participate in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of multiple cancers AIM To detect the...BACKGROUND Colonic neuroendocrine carcinomas(NECs)are highly malignant and invasive with poor prognosis.Long noncoding RNAs(LncRNAs)participate in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of multiple cancers AIM To detect the roles and mechanisms of lncRNA prostate cancer associated transcript 6(PCAT6)in the progression of colonic NEC.METHODS Human NEC and adjacent normal samples were collected for immunohistochemistry staining of CgA and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)of PCAT6 mRNA level.Subcutaneous xenograft tumor model and lung metastasis model were established in nude mice.The lung tissues were stained by hematoxylin and eosin to assess pulmonary metastasis.The expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)-related markers and pathway-related genes was measured by RT-qPCR and western blotting.CD56 expression was assessed by immunofluorescence staining.The biological functions of PCAT6 were examined by cell counting kit-8,colony formation assays,Transwell assays and wound healing assays.The interaction between PCAT6 and its potential downstream target was verified by luciferase reporter assays.RESULTS LncRNA PCAT6 was upregulated in human NEC samples and LCC-18 cells,and its high expression was positively correlated with poor prognosis in patients with colonic NEC.Additionally,the expression of PCAT6 was positively associated with the proliferation,migration,invasion,and EMT of LCC-18 cells.Moreover,PCAT6 facilitated tumor growth,lung metastasis and EMT in xenografts.Mechanistically,PCAT6 promoted the activation of MAPK to enhance the EMT in colonic NEC by targeting miR-326.CONCLUSION In conclusion,lncRNA PCAT6 accelerates the process of colonic NEC by activating ERK/p38 MAPK signaling through targeting miR-326.These results might provide useful information for exploring the potential therapeutic targets in colonic NEC.展开更多
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)stands as a burgeoning electric transportation carrier,holding substantial promise for the logistics sector.A reinforcement learning framework Centralized-S Proximal Policy Optimization(C-S...Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)stands as a burgeoning electric transportation carrier,holding substantial promise for the logistics sector.A reinforcement learning framework Centralized-S Proximal Policy Optimization(C-SPPO)based on centralized decision process and considering policy entropy(S)is proposed.The proposed framework aims to plan the best scheduling scheme with the objective of minimizing both the timeout of order requests and the flight impact of UAVs that may lead to conflicts.In this framework,the intents of matching act are generated through the observations of UAV agents,and the ultimate conflict-free matching results are output under the guidance of a centralized decision maker.Concurrently,a pre-activation operation is introduced to further enhance the cooperation among UAV agents.Simulation experiments based on real-world data from New York City are conducted.The results indicate that the proposed CSPPO outperforms the baseline algorithms in the Average Delay Time(ADT),the Maximum Delay Time(MDT),the Order Delay Rate(ODR),the Average Flight Distance(AFD),and the Flight Impact Ratio(FIR).Furthermore,the framework demonstrates scalability to scenarios of different sizes without requiring additional training.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter focuses on the fact that small objects with few pixels disappear in feature maps with large receptive fields, as the network deepens, in object detection tasks. Therefore, the detection of dens...Dear Editor,This letter focuses on the fact that small objects with few pixels disappear in feature maps with large receptive fields, as the network deepens, in object detection tasks. Therefore, the detection of dense small objects is challenging.展开更多
In the current era of renewable energy prominence,the wide operational capacity of coal-fired boilers has emerged as crucial for ensuring the sustainability of power plants.However,attaining ultra-low nitrogen oxides(...In the current era of renewable energy prominence,the wide operational capacity of coal-fired boilers has emerged as crucial for ensuring the sustainability of power plants.However,attaining ultra-low nitrogen oxides(NO_x)emissions during periods of low-load operations presents a significant and persistent challenge for coal power enterprises.While techniques such as biomass re-burning and advanced re-burning have shown promise in enhancing NO reduction effciency above 800℃,their elevated levels of chlorine(Cl)and alkali metals pose potential risks to boiler equipment integrity.Therefore,this study proposes the utilization of biomass char derived from pyrolysis as a dual-purpose solution to enhance NO reduction efficiency while safeguarding boiler integrity during low-load operations.Findings indicate that pyrolysis treatment effectively reduces the Cl and alkali metal content of biomass.Specifically,it was determined that biomass char produced through deeply pyrolysis at 300℃achieves the highest NO reduction efficiency while minimizing the presence of harmful components.At a reduction temperature of 700℃,both re-burning and advanced re-burning techniques exhibit NO reduction efficiencies of 55.90%and 62.22%,which is already an ideal deficiency at low temperatures.The addition of water vapor at 700-800℃obviously avoids the oxidation of ammonia to NO in advanced reburning.Upon further analysis,denitrification efficiency in biomass char re-burning and advanced reburning is influenced not only by volatile content but also by physicochemical properties such as porosity and surface functional group distribution under certain reaction conditions.This study provides a theoretical framework for the industrial implementation of biomass char for NO control in coal-fired power plants,offering insights into optimizing NO reduction efficiency while mitigating potential risks to boiler equipment.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52270106 and 22266021)Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects(grant No.202202AG050005)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(grant No.202201AT070116).
文摘The application of industrial solid wastes as environmentally functional materials for air pollutants control has gained much attention in recent years due to its potential to reduce air pollution in a cost-effective manner.In this review,we investigate the development of industrialwaste-based functional materials for various gas pollutant removal and consider the relevant reaction mechanism according to different types of industrial solid waste.We see a recent effort towards achieving high-performance environmental functional materials via chemical or physical modification,in which the active components,pore size,and phase structure can be altered.The review will discuss the potential of using industrial solid wastes,these modified materials,or synthesized materials from raw waste precursors for the removal of air pollutants,including SO_(2),NO_(x),Hg^(0),H_(2)S,VOCs,and CO_(2).The challenges still need to be addressed to realize this potential and the prospects for future research fully.The suggestions for future directions include determining the optimal composition of these materials,calculating the real reaction rate and turnover frequency,developing effective treatment methods,and establishing chemical component databases of raw industrial solid waste for catalysts/adsorbent preparation.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.242300420021)the Major Science and Technology Projects of Henan Province(No.221100230200)+4 种基金the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Refractories(No.SKLAR202210)the Key Science and Technology Program of Henan Province(No.232102241020)the Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Henan Province(No.S202310464012)the Ph.D.Research Startup Foundation of Henan University of Science and Technology(No.400613480015)the Postdoctoral Research Startup Foundation of Henan University of Science and Technology(No.400613554001).
文摘Aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs)have been regarded as promising alternatives to Li-ion batteries due to their advantages,such as low cost,high safety,and environmental friendliness.However,AZIBs face significant challenges in limited stability and lifetime owing to zinc dendrite growth and serious side reactions caused by water molecules in the aqueous electrolyte during cycling.To address these issues,a new eutectic electrolyte based on Zn(ClO_(4))_(2)·6H_(2)O-N-methylacetamide(ZN)is proposed in this work.Compared with aqueous electrolyte,the ZN eutectic electrolyte containing organic N-methylacetamide could regulate the solvated structure of Zn^(2+),effectively suppressing zinc dendrite growth and side reactions.As a result,the Zn//NH4 V4 O10 full cell with the eutectic ZN-1-3 electrolyte demonstrates significantly enhanced cycling stability after 1000 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).Therefore,this study not only presents a new eutectic electrolyte for zinc-ion batteries but also provides a deep understanding of the influence of Zn^(2+)solvation structure on the cycle stability,contributing to the exploration of novel electrolytes for high-performance AZIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22278041)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering(No.2022-K78)+1 种基金Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering(No.KF2107)the Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collab-orative Innovation Center(No.ACGM2022-10-07)。
文摘Herein,a series of manganese oxide catalysts with different valences(Mn_(3)O_(4),Mn_(2)O_(3),and MnO_(2))were designed and synthesized for the synthesis of ethylene urea(EU)from ethylenediamine(EDA)and carbon dioxide(CO_(2)).With a maximal EDA conversion of 82%and EU selectivity of 99%at 160℃ for 2 h,Mn_(2)O_(3) catalysts had the best catalytic activity among them,which was superior to the reported catalysts.In the following order:Mn_(2)O_(3)>MnO_(2)>Mn_(3)O_(4),the catalytic activity for the synthesis of EU from CO_(2) and EDA decreased.Further characterization showed the Mn_(2)O_(3) catalyst possessed a greater Mn^(3+)/Mn4+ratio and more surface oxygen vacancies than the MnO_(2) and Mn_(3)O_(4),which improved its capacity to adsorb and activate CO_(2) and EDA.After four recycling runs,the EDA conversion slightly declined from 82%to 56%on Mn_(2)O_(3) catalyst,while no obvious change in EU selectivity was observed.The loss of surface Ov contents and Mn^(3+)proportion were concluded as main reasons for the decrease in catalytic activity over Mn_(2)O_(3) catalyst.This work demonstrated a metal oxide catalyst that was efficient in producing EU from CO_(2) and EDA.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:82404340)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Science(grant number:2021-I2M-1–067)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:LTGY23H260004)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(grant number:Z240004).
文摘Objectives Primary prevention targeting modifiable risk factors would reduce the global burden of colorectal cancer,but the quantitative results are uncertain.We aimed to assess the global burden of colorectal cancer attributed to modifiable lifestyle factors and quantify the potential increase in life expectancy resulting from the elimination of these risk factors.Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021,we examined colorectal cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life years attributed to modifiable risk factors(including smoking,diet low in whole grains,diet low in milk,diet high in red meat,diet low in calcium,diet high in processed meat,and diet low in fiber)at the global,regional,and national levels from 1990 to 2021.The abridged period life table method was utilized to quantify the potential gain in life expectancy from eliminating these risk factors.Results Globally in 2021,57.1%of colorectal cancer deaths and 56.4%of disability-adjusted life years were preventable,with rates of 7.55(4.94–9.64)and 174.67(114.54–222.24)per 100,000 population,respectively.The modifiable burden has diminished in the high,high-middle,and low socio-demographic index quintiles and remained steady in the middle one.However,there is a concerning increase in the low-middle one.In 2021,the elimination of global colorectal cancer attributed to modifiable factors would increase the life expectancy for males and females by 0.107 and 0.109 years,respectively.Conclusion Our results quantitatively demonstrate the substantial burden reduction in colorectal cancer and the significant gain in life expectancy that can be achieved by eliminating modifiable lifestyle factors.
基金upported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62305184)the Major Key Project of Pengcheng Laboratory(Grant No.PCL2024A1)+1 种基金the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2023A1515012932)the Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(Grant No.WDZC20220818100259004).
文摘Single-pixel imaging(SPI)enables efficient sensing in challenging conditions.However,the requirement for numerous samplings constrains its practicality.We address the challenge of high-quality SPI reconstruction at ultra-low sampling rates.We develop an alternative optimization with physics and a data-driven diffusion network(APD-Net).It features alternative optimization driven by the learned task-agnostic natural image prior and the task-specific physics prior.During the training stage,APD-Net harnesses the power of diffusion models to capture data-driven statistics of natural signals.In the inference stage,the physics prior is introduced as corrective guidance to ensure consistency between the physics imaging model and the natural image probability distribution.Through alternative optimization,APD-Net reconstructs data-efficient,high-fidelity images that are statistically and physically compliant.To accelerate reconstruction,initializing images with the inverse SPI physical model reduces the need for reconstruction inference from 100 to 30 steps.Through both numerical simulations and real prototype experiments,APD-Net achieves high-quality,full-color reconstructions of complex natural images at a low sampling rate of 1%.In addition,APD-Net’s tuning-free nature ensures robustness across various imaging setups and sampling rates.Our research offers a broadly applicable approach for various applications,including but not limited to medical imaging and industrial inspection.
基金co-supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB4002203)Baima Lake Laboratory Joint Funds of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LBMHY24B060003)Ningbo Key R&D Project(No.2023Z155).
文摘This work investigates the transient performance and stability of CO_(2)/H_(2)O co-electrolysis in an air-free environment using a flat-tube solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)stack.The results showed that the transient behavior of the stack with and without blowing gas into the air electrode is almost the same.With a current density of 0.67 A·cm^(-2)@750℃,the stack operated for over 200 h under co-electrolysis conditions without air blowing,and the voltage drop rate of the stack was approximately 0.203%/100 hours.Microstructure analysis revealed a significant loss of nickel particles and an apparent for-mation of an insulating phase strontium chromate(SrCrO4)on the surface of the current collection layer of the air electrode,which are identified as key factors contributing to the performance degradation of the stack.This study provides a reference for development of efficient fuel preparation technology based on SOEC stack in airless environments.
文摘Cancer screening is a strategy focused on highrisk populations rather than universal populationwide screening, based on a comprehensive evaluation of epidemiological principles and practical feasibility. The effectiveness of screening depends on factors such as disease prevalence, as well as the sensitivity and specificity of the screening technology employed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52370113)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(No.202101BE070001-001)。
文摘Metal nanoparticle(NP_S)catalysts exhibit desirable activities in various catalytic reactions.However,the sintering of metal NPs at high-temperatures even in reducing atmospheres limits its practical application.In this work,we successfully synthesized TPA-ZSM-5 with pit-type defects by treating the ZSM-5 with tetrahydroxy ammonium hydroxide(TPAOH),which was then used as a support to prepare Ag-based and Cu-based catalysts.Stability testing results show that the Ag/TPA-ZSM-5 catalyst treated at 800℃with H_(2) could maintain the high performance in NH_(3)-SCO and the Cu/TPA-ZSM-5 catalyst treated at 900℃ with N_(2) could maintained its excellent activity in NH_(3)-SCR,however,the activities of Ag/ZSM-5 and Cu/ZSM-5 were drastically decreased or even deactivated after high-temperature treatment.In addition,a series of characterization analyses revealed that the excellent thermal stability is attribute to the presence of pit-type defects in the TPA-ZSM-5 as physical barriers to slow down or even inhibit the Ag NPs and Cu NPs sintering process.The strategy of using the pit-type defects to inhibit the sintering of metal NPs and improve the thermal stability can greatly enhance the practical application of catalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62202210).
文摘The application of generative artificial intelligence(AI)is bringing about notable changes in anime creation.This paper surveys recent advancements and applications of diffusion and language models in anime generation,focusing on their demonstrated potential to enhance production efficiency through automation and personalization.Despite these benefits,it is crucial to acknowledge the substantial initial computational investments required for training and deploying these models.We conduct an in-depth survey of cutting-edge generative AI technologies,encompassing models such as Stable Diffusion and GPT,and appraise pivotal large-scale datasets alongside quantifiable evaluation metrics.Review of the surveyed literature indicates the achievement of considerable maturity in the capacity of AI models to synthesize high-quality,aesthetically compelling anime visual images from textual prompts,alongside discernible progress in the generation of coherent narratives.However,achieving perfect long-form consistency,mitigating artifacts like flickering in video sequences,and enabling fine-grained artistic control remain critical ongoing challenges.Building upon these advancements,research efforts have increasingly pivoted towards the synthesis of higher-dimensional content,such as video and three-dimensional assets,with recent studies demonstrating significant progress in this burgeoning field.Nevertheless,formidable challenges endure amidst these advancements.Foremost among these are the substantial computational exigencies requisite for training and deploying these sophisticated models,particularly pronounced in the realm of high-dimensional generation such as video synthesis.Additional persistent hurdles include maintaining spatial-temporal consistency across complex scenes and mitigating ethical considerations surrounding bias and the preservation of human creative autonomy.This research underscores the transformative potential and inherent complexities of AI-driven synergy within the creative industries.We posit that future research should be dedicated to the synergistic fusion of diffusion and autoregressive models,the integration of multimodal inputs,and the balanced consideration of ethical implications,particularly regarding bias and the preservation of human creative autonomy,thereby establishing a robust foundation for the advancement of anime creation and the broader landscape of AI-driven content generation.
基金Provincial Key Research and Development Project of Hunan(2018SK2127)Hunan Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development Project(201946).
文摘Objective To systematically evaluate the overall efficacy of external application of traditional Chinese medicine(EA-TCM)in combination with oral three-step analgesic ladder therapy for patients suffering from cancer-induced bone pain(CIBP).Methods We conducted a literature search of randomized controlled trials on the combination of EA-TCM and three-step analgesic ladder therapy for CIBP across ten databases and two registration systems.It included four Chinese databases[Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(SinoMed),China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Database,and China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP)],six English databases(Scopus,Embase,Web of Science,PubMed,Cochrane Library,and OpenGrey),and two registration systems(Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and ClinicalTrials.gov).The timeframe for the literature search extended from the inception of each database to December 31,2023.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan(v5.4.1),and the outcome indicators(pain relief rate,analgesic duration,quality of life,pain intensity,breakthrough pain frequency,and adverse reactions)were graded using GRADE profiler(v3.6).Results According to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria,a total of 43 studies was deemed eligible,involving 3142 participants with CIBP.The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with oral three-step analgesic ladder therapy alone,the combined therapy of EA-TCM and three-step analgesic ladder has a significant improvement in pain relief rate[risk ratio(RR)=1.32,95%confidence interval(CI):1.24 to 1.41,P<0.00001],analgesic duration[mean difference(MD)=1.33,95%CI:0.97 to 1.69,P<0.00001],and quality of life(MD=5.66,95%CI:4.88 to 6.44,P<0.00001).Furthermore,the combined therapy significantly reduced pain intensity(MD=-1.00,95%CI:-1.19 to-0.80,P<0.00001),breakthrough pain frequency(MD=-0.43,95%CI:-0.51 to-0.36,P<0.00001),and adverse reactions(RR=0.60,95%CI:0.53 to 0.68,P<0.00001)in CIBP patients.Based on the GRADE assessment,the level of evidence varied from low to moderate.Conclusion EA-TCM combined with the three-step analgesic ladder therapy can effectively alleviate pain symptoms in patients with CIBP and improve their quality of life.Additionally,the EA-TCM can effectively reduce the incidence of adverse reactions associated with threestep analgesic therapy.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFA0708304)the CNPC Innovation Fund(No.2022DQ02-0609)the Scientific research and technology development Project of CNPC(No.2022DJ4507).
文摘Measurement-while-drilling(MWD)and guidance technologies have been extensively deployed in the exploitation of oil,natural gas,and other energy resources.Conventional control approaches are plagued by challenges,including limited anti-interference capabilities and the insufficient generalization of decision-making experience.To address the intricate problem of directional well trajectory control,an intelligent algorithm design framework grounded in the high-level interaction mechanism between geology and engineering is put forward.This framework aims to facilitate the rapid batch migration and update of drilling strategies.The proposed directional well trajectory control method comprehensively considers the multi-source heterogeneous attributes of drilling experience data,leverages the generative simulation of the geological drilling environment,and promptly constructs a directional well trajectory control model with self-adaptive capabilities to environmental variations.This construction is carried out based on three hierarchical levels:“offline pre-drilling learning,online during-drilling interaction,and post-drilling model transfer”.Simulation results indicate that the guidance model derived from this method demonstrates remarkable generalization performance and accuracy.It can significantly boost the adaptability of the control algorithm to diverse environments and enhance the penetration rate of the target reservoir during drilling operations.
基金supported by Henan Province Science and Technology Research and Development(No.242102311176)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(No.CARS-21)+2 种基金Henan Modern Industrial Technology System of Chinese Herbal Medicine(No.HARS-22-11-Z1)Program for Science&Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(No.23HASTIT045)Henan Province Scientific and Technological Project(No.232102311059)。
文摘Salvia miltiorrhiza(Danshen)is a traditional Chinese herb that is commonly known for its cardiovascular and hepatoprotective benefits.Recent studies have confirmed that Danshen and its bioactive components can influence gut microbial homeostasis,thereby affecting Helicobacter pylori(HP)colonization in the human stomach.HP is a bacterial pathogen associated with various gastrointestinal diseases.Current HP treatments mainly involve antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors.However,their efficacy is strongly compromised by the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance in HP and genetic heterogeneity among patients.The interaction between Danshen and gut microbial status provides a novel perspective for HP treatment.Understanding the medical properties of Danshen in altering gut microbiota and eliminating HP,as well as the underlying mechanisms,is important for improving human gastrointestinal healthcare.This review investigates the interaction between Danshen and gut microbiota and its impact on HP infection using databases including Web of Science,PubMed,and Google Scholar.We explored the unconventional intersection between Danshen,gut microbiota,and HP infection,shedding light on their intricate interplay and potential therapeutic implications.A comprehensive understanding of this interaction provides valuable insights into developing novel therapeutic strategies that target the gut microbiota to mitigate HP-associated gastrointestinal disorders.
基金Supported by the Open Bidding for Selecting the Best Candidates for Xin’an Medicine and the Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM,No.2023CXMMTCM024 and No.2023CXMMTCM003the Anhui University Collaborative Innovation Project,No.GXXT-2020-025+2 种基金the Scientific Research Project of Health and Wellness in Anhui Province,No.AHWJ2023BAc10002the Anhui Province New Era Education Quality Project,No.2023gjxslt014and the Clinical and Translational Research Project of Anhui Province,No.202427b10020046.
文摘BACKGROUND Prediabetes mellitus(PDM)is receiving increasing attention as a precursor to type 2 diabetes mellitus.Lifestyle and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)inter-ventions are effective for PDM prevention and treatment.Therefore,we con-ducted a preliminary investigation and an exploratory randomised controlled trial to assess the effects of a combined lifestyle and TCM intervention on PDM indicators.AIM To study the effectiveness of Xiaokeqing granules(XQG)and lifestyle inter-ventions in PDM participants while using metabolomics to identify potential markers.METHODS Forty PDM participants with yin deficiency syndrome with excessive heat were recruited and randomly allocated to the control(Con)group or the XQG group(20 per group).The Con group underwent lifestyle interventions,whereas the XQG group underwent lifestyle and XQG interventions.The follow-up duration was 2 months.Fasting blood glucose,2-hour postprandial glucose(2hPG),gly-cated haemoglobin A1c,fasting insulin,homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance levels,and serum metabolomics characteristics were compared via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis.RESULTS There were significant differences in 2hPG between the two groups(P<0.05)in the intention-to-treat analysis and per-protocol analysis.The intervention method used in this study was safe(P>0.05).Groenlandicine,kaempferol,isomangiferin,etc.,are the XQG constituents absorbed in the blood.N-Nervonoyl methionine and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan are core potential metabolomic biomarkers for the effectiveness of XQG and lifestyle interventions.HTR1A,HTR2C,SLC6A4,etc.,are the core targets of XQG and lifestyle interventions,as well as the reason for their clinical efficacy.Possible mechanistic pathways include tryptophan metabolism,pantothenate and certificate of analysis biosynthesis,lysine degradation and biosynthesis of cofactors.CONCLUSION This pilot study provides evidence that a combined XQG and lifestyle intervention can improve 2hPG in par-ticipants with PDM.The mechanism of action is related to multiple constituents,targets and pathways.
文摘BACKGROUND Colonic neuroendocrine carcinomas(NECs)are highly malignant and invasive with poor prognosis.Long noncoding RNAs(LncRNAs)participate in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of multiple cancers AIM To detect the roles and mechanisms of lncRNA prostate cancer associated transcript 6(PCAT6)in the progression of colonic NEC.METHODS Human NEC and adjacent normal samples were collected for immunohistochemistry staining of CgA and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)of PCAT6 mRNA level.Subcutaneous xenograft tumor model and lung metastasis model were established in nude mice.The lung tissues were stained by hematoxylin and eosin to assess pulmonary metastasis.The expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)-related markers and pathway-related genes was measured by RT-qPCR and western blotting.CD56 expression was assessed by immunofluorescence staining.The biological functions of PCAT6 were examined by cell counting kit-8,colony formation assays,Transwell assays and wound healing assays.The interaction between PCAT6 and its potential downstream target was verified by luciferase reporter assays.RESULTS LncRNA PCAT6 was upregulated in human NEC samples and LCC-18 cells,and its high expression was positively correlated with poor prognosis in patients with colonic NEC.Additionally,the expression of PCAT6 was positively associated with the proliferation,migration,invasion,and EMT of LCC-18 cells.Moreover,PCAT6 facilitated tumor growth,lung metastasis and EMT in xenografts.Mechanistically,PCAT6 promoted the activation of MAPK to enhance the EMT in colonic NEC by targeting miR-326.CONCLUSION In conclusion,lncRNA PCAT6 accelerates the process of colonic NEC by activating ERK/p38 MAPK signaling through targeting miR-326.These results might provide useful information for exploring the potential therapeutic targets in colonic NEC.
基金the support of the Chinese Special Research Project for Civil Aircraft(No.MJZ17N22)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2133207,U2333214)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M741687)the National Social Science Fund of China(No.22&ZD169)。
文摘Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)stands as a burgeoning electric transportation carrier,holding substantial promise for the logistics sector.A reinforcement learning framework Centralized-S Proximal Policy Optimization(C-SPPO)based on centralized decision process and considering policy entropy(S)is proposed.The proposed framework aims to plan the best scheduling scheme with the objective of minimizing both the timeout of order requests and the flight impact of UAVs that may lead to conflicts.In this framework,the intents of matching act are generated through the observations of UAV agents,and the ultimate conflict-free matching results are output under the guidance of a centralized decision maker.Concurrently,a pre-activation operation is introduced to further enhance the cooperation among UAV agents.Simulation experiments based on real-world data from New York City are conducted.The results indicate that the proposed CSPPO outperforms the baseline algorithms in the Average Delay Time(ADT),the Maximum Delay Time(MDT),the Order Delay Rate(ODR),the Average Flight Distance(AFD),and the Flight Impact Ratio(FIR).Furthermore,the framework demonstrates scalability to scenarios of different sizes without requiring additional training.
基金supported in part by the National Science Foundation of China(52371372)the Project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China(22JC1401400,21190780300)the 111 Project,China(D18003)
文摘Dear Editor,This letter focuses on the fact that small objects with few pixels disappear in feature maps with large receptive fields, as the network deepens, in object detection tasks. Therefore, the detection of dense small objects is challenging.
基金supported by the Open Topics of State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal-Fired Power Generation and Pollution Control(D2022FK103)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278250)+1 种基金the Shanxi Province Science and Technology Cooperation and Exchange Special Program(202104041101014)the Shanxi Province Scholarship Council。
文摘In the current era of renewable energy prominence,the wide operational capacity of coal-fired boilers has emerged as crucial for ensuring the sustainability of power plants.However,attaining ultra-low nitrogen oxides(NO_x)emissions during periods of low-load operations presents a significant and persistent challenge for coal power enterprises.While techniques such as biomass re-burning and advanced re-burning have shown promise in enhancing NO reduction effciency above 800℃,their elevated levels of chlorine(Cl)and alkali metals pose potential risks to boiler equipment integrity.Therefore,this study proposes the utilization of biomass char derived from pyrolysis as a dual-purpose solution to enhance NO reduction efficiency while safeguarding boiler integrity during low-load operations.Findings indicate that pyrolysis treatment effectively reduces the Cl and alkali metal content of biomass.Specifically,it was determined that biomass char produced through deeply pyrolysis at 300℃achieves the highest NO reduction efficiency while minimizing the presence of harmful components.At a reduction temperature of 700℃,both re-burning and advanced re-burning techniques exhibit NO reduction efficiencies of 55.90%and 62.22%,which is already an ideal deficiency at low temperatures.The addition of water vapor at 700-800℃obviously avoids the oxidation of ammonia to NO in advanced reburning.Upon further analysis,denitrification efficiency in biomass char re-burning and advanced reburning is influenced not only by volatile content but also by physicochemical properties such as porosity and surface functional group distribution under certain reaction conditions.This study provides a theoretical framework for the industrial implementation of biomass char for NO control in coal-fired power plants,offering insights into optimizing NO reduction efficiency while mitigating potential risks to boiler equipment.
