Negatively charged boron vacancy(V_(B)^(-))spin defects are stable in nanoscale hexagonal boron nitride(hBN)flakes,which can be easily integrated into two-dimensional materials and devices to serve as both sensors and...Negatively charged boron vacancy(V_(B)^(-))spin defects are stable in nanoscale hexagonal boron nitride(hBN)flakes,which can be easily integrated into two-dimensional materials and devices to serve as both sensors and protective materials.Ion irradiation is frequently employed to create V_(B)^(-)spin defects in hBN.However,the optimal ion irradiation parameters remain unclear,even though they play a crucial role in determining the depth and density of the defects,which in turn affect sensing sensitivity.In this work,we optimize the carbon ion irradiation parameters for creating V_(B)^(-)spin defects by varying the irradiation dose and the incident angle.For 30 keV carbon ion irradiation,the optimal irradiation dose to create a V_(B)^(-)ensemble is determined to be 4×10^(13)ions/cm^(2),and both continuous and pulsed optically detected magnetic resonance measurements are used to estimate the magnetic sensitivity and spin coherence properties.Moreover,the incident angle of energetic ions is found to influence both the depth and density distributions of the V_(B)^(-)ensemble,a factor that is often overlooked.These results pave the way for improving the performance of quantum sensors based on hBN spin defects by optimizing the irradiation parameters.展开更多
Objectives:Epigenetic changes,particularly N6-methyladenosine(m6A)modifications,play a pivotal role in cancer development.This study explored the role of ovarian tumor deubiquitinase 7B(OTUD7B)in esophageal squamous c...Objectives:Epigenetic changes,particularly N6-methyladenosine(m6A)modifications,play a pivotal role in cancer development.This study explored the role of ovarian tumor deubiquitinase 7B(OTUD7B)in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)in the context of m6A methylation and the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)pathway.Methods:The GSE179267 dataset was used to conduct differential gene expression analysis to identify key m6A-enriched genes.The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA),Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia(CCLE),and Sequence-based RNA Adenosine Methylation Site Predictor(SRAMP)databases were used to evaluate the expression of OTUD7B in ESCC and its correlation with methyltransferase-like 14(METTL14)and HIF-1α.The m6A content in total RNA extracted from ESCC cells was assessed using a dot blot assay.Gene-specific m6A-PCR was used to quantify m6A modifications in OTUD7B mRNA.The functional role of OTUD7B was explored using clonogenic and Transwell assays.The effect of OTUD7B on HIF-1αubiquitination was detected using a co-immunoprecipitation assay.Results:OTUD7B was identified as a pivotal m6A-driven oncogene correlated with METTL14 and HIF-1α.METTL14 enhanced the mRNA stability and expression of OTUD7B through m6A methylation.OTUD7B overexpression counteracted the inhibitory effects of METTL14 knockdown on cell proliferation and invasion and stabilized HIF-1αby promoting deubiquitination.Conclusion:METTL14 plays a crucial role in the stabilization of OTUD7B through m6A methylation,thereby inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of HIF-1αin ESCC.These findings highlight the potential of targeting the METTL14-OTUD7B axis as a therapeutic strategy for ESCC.展开更多
The Nucleic Acid Laboratory,a division of the Clinical Laboratory Department,is responsible for performing real-time PCR(qPCR)assays to rapidly detect infectious diseases,genetic disorders,and more[1].As the gold stan...The Nucleic Acid Laboratory,a division of the Clinical Laboratory Department,is responsible for performing real-time PCR(qPCR)assays to rapidly detect infectious diseases,genetic disorders,and more[1].As the gold standard,qPCR has played an indispensable role in diagnosing pandemic infections,such as the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)[2].展开更多
The high failure rates in clinical drug development based on animal models highlight the urgent need for more representative human models in biomedical research.In response to this demand,organoids and organ chips wer...The high failure rates in clinical drug development based on animal models highlight the urgent need for more representative human models in biomedical research.In response to this demand,organoids and organ chips were integrated for greater physiological relevance and dynamic,controlled experimental conditions.This innovative platform—the organoids-on-a-chip technology—shows great promise in disease modeling,drug discovery,and personalized medicine,attracting interest from researchers,clinicians,regulatory authorities,and industry stakeholders.This review traces the evolution from organoids to organoids-on-a-chip,driven by the necessity for advanced biological models.We summarize the applications of organoids-on-a-chip in simulating physiological and pathological phenotypes and therapeutic evaluation of this technology.This section highlights how integrating technologies from organ chips,such as microfluidic systems,mechanical stimulation,and sensor integration,optimizes organoid cell types,spatial structure,and physiological functions,thereby expanding their biomedical applications.We conclude by addressing the current challenges in the development of organoids-on-a-chip and offering insights into the prospects.The advancement of organoids-on-a-chip is poised to enhance fidelity,standardization,and scalability.Furthermore,the integration of cutting-edge technologies and interdisciplinary collaborations will be crucial for the progression of organoids-on-a-chip technology.展开更多
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. A model of cancer development involving cancer stem cells has been put forward because it provides a possible explanation of tumor hierarchy. Can...Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. A model of cancer development involving cancer stem cells has been put forward because it provides a possible explanation of tumor hierarchy. Cancer stem cells are characterized by their proliferation, tumorigenesis, differentiation, and selfrenewal capacities, and chemoradiotherapy resistance. Due to the role of cancer stem cells in tumor initiation and treatment failure, studies of cancer stem cell markers, such as CD133, have been of great interest. CD133, a five-transmembrane glycoprotein, is widely used as a marker to identify and isolate colorectal cancer stem cells. This marker has been investigated to better understand the characteristics and functions of cancer stem cells. Moreover, it can also be used to predict tumor progression, patient survival, chemoradiotherapy resistance and other clinical parameters. In this review, we discuss the use of CD133 in the identification of colorectal cancer stem cell, which is currently controversial. Although the function of CD133 is as yet unclear, we have discussed several possible functions and associated mechanisms that may partially explain the role of CD133 in colorectal cancers. In addition, we focus on the prognostic value of CD133 in colorectal cancers. Finally, we predict that CD133 may be used as a possible target for colorectal cancer treatment.展开更多
Paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B（Pir B） is a functional receptor of myelin-associated inhibitors for axonal regeneration and synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system, and thus suppresses nerve regenera...Paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B（Pir B） is a functional receptor of myelin-associated inhibitors for axonal regeneration and synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system, and thus suppresses nerve regeneration. The regulatory effect of Pir B on injured nerves has received a lot of attention. To better understand nerve regeneration inability after spinal cord injury, this study aimed to investigate the distribution of Pir B（via immunofluorescence） in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system 10 days after injury. Immunoreactivity for Pir B increased in the dorsal root ganglia, sciatic nerves, and spinal cord segments. In the dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerves, Pir B was mainly distributed along neuronal and axonal membranes. Pir B was found to exhibit a diffuse, intricate distribution in the dorsal and ventral regions. Immunoreactivity for Pir B was enhanced in some cortical neurons located in the bilateral precentral gyri. Overall, the findings suggest a pattern of Pir B immunoreactivity in the nervous system after unilateral spinal transection injury, and also indicate that Pir B may suppress repair after injury.展开更多
The transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1（TRPV1） provides the sensation of pain（nociception）. However, it remains unknown whether TRPV1 is activated after peripheral nerve injury, or whe...The transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1（TRPV1） provides the sensation of pain（nociception）. However, it remains unknown whether TRPV1 is activated after peripheral nerve injury, or whether activation of TRPV1 affects neural regeneration. In the present study, we established rat models of unilateral sciatic nerve crush injury, with or without pretreatment with AMG517（300 mg/kg）, a TRPV1 antagonist, injected subcutaneously into the ipsilateral paw 60 minutes before injury. At 1 and 2 weeks after injury, we performed immunofluorescence staining of the sciatic nerve at the center of injury, at 0.3 cm proximal and distal to the injury site, and in the dorsal root ganglia. Our results showed that Wallerian degeneration occurred distal to the injury site, and neurite outgrowth and Schwann cell regeneration occurred proximal to the injury. The number of regenerating myelinated and unmyelinated nerve clusters was greater in the AMG517-pretreated rats than in the vehicle-treated group, most notably 2 weeks after injury. TRPV1 expression in the injured sciatic nerve and ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia was markedly greater than on the contralateral side. Pretreatment with AMG517 blocked this effect. These data indicate that TRPV1 is activated or overexpressed after sciatic nerve crush injury, and that blockade of TRPV1 may accelerate regeneration of the injured sciatic nerve.展开更多
Strontium titanate（SrTiO3） is a promising n-type material for thermoelectric applications. However, its relatively high thermal conductivity limits its performance in efficiently converting heat into electrical powe...Strontium titanate（SrTiO3） is a promising n-type material for thermoelectric applications. However, its relatively high thermal conductivity limits its performance in efficiently converting heat into electrical power through thermoelectric effect.This work shows that the thermal conductivity of SrTiO3 can be effectively reduced by annealing treatments, through an integrated study of laser flash measurement, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray absorption fine structure, and first-principles calculations. A phonon scattering model is proposed to explain the reduction of thermal conductivity after annealing. This work suggests a promising means to characterize and optimize the material for thermoelectric applications.展开更多
Diatoms rely on fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding proteins(FCPs)for light harvesting and energy quenching under marine environments.Here we report two cryo-electron microscopic structures of photosystem I(PSI)with e...Diatoms rely on fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding proteins(FCPs)for light harvesting and energy quenching under marine environments.Here we report two cryo-electron microscopic structures of photosystem I(PSI)with either 13 or five fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding protein Is(FCPIs)at 2.78 and 3.20Åresolutions from Thalassiosira pseudonana grown under high light(HL)conditions.Among them,five FCPIs are stably associated with the PSI core,these include Lhcr3,RedCAP,Lhcq8,Lhcf10,and FCP3.The eight additional Lhcr-type FCPIs are loosely associated with the PSI core and detached under the present purification conditions.The pigments of this centric diatom showed a higher proportion of chlorophylls a,diadinoxanthins,and diatoxanthins;some of the chlorophyll as and diadinoxanthins occupy the locations of fucoxanthins found in the huge PSI-FCPI from another centric diatom Chaetoceros gracilis grown under low-light conditions.These additional chlorophyll as may form more energy transfer pathways and additional diadinoxanthins may form more energy dissipation sites relying on the diadinoxanthin-diatoxanthin cycle.These results reveal the assembly mechanism of FCPIs and corresponding light-adaptive strategies of T.pseudonana PSI-FCPI,as well as the convergent evolution of the diatom PSI-FCPI structures.展开更多
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology,its applications in medical imaging have become increasingly extensive.This review aimed to analyze the current development status and future direction ...With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology,its applications in medical imaging have become increasingly extensive.This review aimed to analyze the current development status and future direction of intelligent imaging technology by investigating its application in various medical departments.To achieve this,we conducted a comprehensive search of various data sources up to 2024,including PubMed,Web of Science,and Google Scholar,based on the principle of comprehensive search.A total of 332 articles were screened,and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria,56 articles were selected for this study.According to the findings,intelligent imaging technology exhibits robust image recognition capabilities,making it applicable across diverse medical imaging modalities within hospital departments.This technology offers an efficient solution for the analysis of various medical images by extracting and accurately identifying complex features.Consequently,it significantly aids in the detection and diagnosis of clinical diseases.Its high accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity render it an indispensable tool in clinical diagnostics and related tasks,thereby enhancing the overall quality of healthcare services.The application of intelligent imaging technology in healthcare significantly enhances the efficiency of clinical diagnostics,resulting in more accurate and timely patient assessments.This advanced technology offers a faster and more precise diagnostic approach,ultimately improving patient care and outcomes.This review analyzed the socioeconomic changes brought about by intelligent imaging technology to provide a more comprehensive evaluation.Also,we systematically analyzed the current shortcomings of intelligent imaging technology and its future development directions,to enable future research.展开更多
Aims Nitrogen(N)-fixing legumes,despite being highly phosphorus(P)-demanding,constitute an important plant functional group and play key roles in N-poor ecosystems such as alpine grasslands.However,legume performance,...Aims Nitrogen(N)-fixing legumes,despite being highly phosphorus(P)-demanding,constitute an important plant functional group and play key roles in N-poor ecosystems such as alpine grasslands.However,legume performance,including biomass,abundance and species richness,is expected to change,because anthropogenic activities have drastically increased soil N and P availability world-wide.We conducted a field experiment to assess the effects of N and P addition,alone and in combination,on legume performance in an alpine grassland,and identified and clarified the mechanisms underlying these changes.Methods A three year field experiment of N addition(10 g N m−2 year−1),P addition(5 g P m−2 year−1),and N+P combined addition(both N and P,same amounts as solo treatments)was conducted in an alpine grassland on the tibetan Plateau in china from 2011 to 2013.Effects of nutrient addition were assessed at the community level(above-ground net primary production(ANPP),height and light intensity),functional group level(biomass,species richness,relative height,relative coverage and relative density of legumes)and species level(foliar N,P concentration of two legumes).Important findings Overall,adding N alone significantly increased ANPP by 20.82%,but adding P alone did not;whereas,addition of N and P together resulted in a large increase in ANPP(+37.03%)than addition of either alone,indicating potential co-limitation of alpine grasslands.In contrast,adding P alone significantly promoted legume perfor-mance as measured by 65.22%increase in biomass and 58.45%increase in relative abundance,while adding N alone reduced leg-ume performance as measured by 39.54%decrease in biomass and 50.36%in relative abundance.combining P and N addition did not mitigate the negative effect of N addition on legume performance and,surprisingly,suppressed legume biomass by 53.14%and relative abundance by 63.51%.N and P addition altered the balance of light competition between grasses and legumes as indicated by the changes in light levels,plant heights and litter accumulation.However,there were no obvious changes in legume species richness in response to N and P within our experimental timeframe.this study provides further evidence of the importance of P as a co-limiting nutrient in alpine grasslands,contrary to the traditional view that N limitation predominates in such regions.the contrasting effects of N and P addition on legume performance provide important insights into potential changes in legume performance in nutrient-limited grasslands following N and P enrichment under climate change,with implications for nutrient management in alpine grasslands.展开更多
Age structure and seasonality influence the population fluctuations of small rodents.Age determines body weight and social experience,while seasonality regulates the duration of the breeding season and onset of sex...Age structure and seasonality influence the population fluctuations of small rodents.Age determines body weight and social experience,while seasonality regulates the duration of the breeding season and onset of sexual maturity in newborn offspring.Therefore,reproductive success and skew usually occur in different age groups.Brandt’s vole(Lasiopodomys brandtii)is a social,short-lived and seasonal breeding small rodent with a dramatic seasonal population fluctuation,but reproductive skew is not fully understood in this species.In the present study,we determined kinship in semi-natural enclosure populations using microsatellite markers based on genotyping,analyzed the reproductive skew between sexes and between overwintered and newborn voles,and monitored variation in male reproductive activity by testing fecal testosterone levels throughout the year.Overwintered voles had the most reproductive success along with a striking increase in the population size in the enclosures,with all biological fathers and 77.8%of biological mothers,which had 100%and 87%of the total offspring,respectively.Compared to overwintered voles,reproductive skews were significantly higher in potential overwintered and newborn parents,implying the possible reproductive suppression of newborn voles by dominant overwintered voles.Moreover,both heavier body weight and higher testosterone levels in overwintered males supported their potential social status in the population.Our study provided new evidence for reproductive skew and differentiation of postnatal gonadal development patterns of different age groups in Brandt’s vole.展开更多
Photothermal therapy(PTT)is emerging as an effective treatment for superficial carcinoma.A key challenge to the effectiveness of PTT is to develop photosensitizers with high photothermal conversion efficiency.Aiming t...Photothermal therapy(PTT)is emerging as an effective treatment for superficial carcinoma.A key challenge to the effectiveness of PTT is to develop photosensitizers with high photothermal conversion efficiency.Aiming to address this challenge,we develop a series of multi-arylpyrrole derivatives with different donors that contain different multi-rotor structures to explore highly efficient PTT photosensitizers.Among these multi-arylpyrrole derivatives,MAP4-FE nanoparticles with a small size of their donor groups and better-donating ability exhibit a high photothermal conversion efficiency(up to 72%)when they are encapsulated by an amphiphilic polymer.As a result,the MAP4-FE nanoparticles have shown satisfactory PTTeffects on in vivo tumor eradication under the guidance of photoacoustic signals.The findings of this study provide significant insights for the development of high-efficiency PTT photosensitizers for cancer treatment by making full use of the nonradiative decay of small size donors as rotors.展开更多
Using minute data of eligible A+H stocks under the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect(SHHKSC),we investigate the volatility spillover between the Shanghai and Hong Kong stock markets based on a generalized autoregressiv...Using minute data of eligible A+H stocks under the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect(SHHKSC),we investigate the volatility spillover between the Shanghai and Hong Kong stock markets based on a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity-X(GARCH-X)model with four exogenous variables,namely,volatilities of the corresponding stocks on the other market,volatilities of the indexes of both stock markets,and volatilities of the correlated stocks,which are selected using the dynamic conditional correlation model and bootstrap approach.Results show that after the launch of the SHHKSC,volatility spillovers are significant in both directions almost all the time,and the volatility spillover between the two stock markets tends to be larger when bidirectional capital flows under the SHHKSC increase or when important financial events occur.We also analyze the influences of the volatilities of correlated stocks and industries on the volatility spillover and volatilities of A+H stocks.The bidirectional volatility spillovers between Shanghai and Hong Kong stock markets do not change qualitatively after incorporating the volatilities of correlated stocks and industries in the GARCH-X model.Moreover,the average volatilities of the correlated stocks are shown to have significant influences on the volatilities of individual A+H stocks,and the influences increase when the local stock market shows a sharp rise or fall.Compared with the market indexes,the correlated stocks could be regarded as a more important and indispensable factor for individual A+H stocks’volatilities modeling,which may carry more information than the industry.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program Project(2024YFF0726104)Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Technologies of the Education Ministry of China,Soochow University(Grant No.KJS2135)+1 种基金a China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(Grant No.2024M751236)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.20232BAB211030).
文摘Negatively charged boron vacancy(V_(B)^(-))spin defects are stable in nanoscale hexagonal boron nitride(hBN)flakes,which can be easily integrated into two-dimensional materials and devices to serve as both sensors and protective materials.Ion irradiation is frequently employed to create V_(B)^(-)spin defects in hBN.However,the optimal ion irradiation parameters remain unclear,even though they play a crucial role in determining the depth and density of the defects,which in turn affect sensing sensitivity.In this work,we optimize the carbon ion irradiation parameters for creating V_(B)^(-)spin defects by varying the irradiation dose and the incident angle.For 30 keV carbon ion irradiation,the optimal irradiation dose to create a V_(B)^(-)ensemble is determined to be 4×10^(13)ions/cm^(2),and both continuous and pulsed optically detected magnetic resonance measurements are used to estimate the magnetic sensitivity and spin coherence properties.Moreover,the incident angle of energetic ions is found to influence both the depth and density distributions of the V_(B)^(-)ensemble,a factor that is often overlooked.These results pave the way for improving the performance of quantum sensors based on hBN spin defects by optimizing the irradiation parameters.
基金funded by the Doctoral Research Start-up Fund Project at Changzhi Medical College(grant number BS202118)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(grant number 2022YFS0631)Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs ofHigher Education Institutions in Shanxi(grant number 2021L348).
文摘Objectives:Epigenetic changes,particularly N6-methyladenosine(m6A)modifications,play a pivotal role in cancer development.This study explored the role of ovarian tumor deubiquitinase 7B(OTUD7B)in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)in the context of m6A methylation and the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)pathway.Methods:The GSE179267 dataset was used to conduct differential gene expression analysis to identify key m6A-enriched genes.The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA),Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia(CCLE),and Sequence-based RNA Adenosine Methylation Site Predictor(SRAMP)databases were used to evaluate the expression of OTUD7B in ESCC and its correlation with methyltransferase-like 14(METTL14)and HIF-1α.The m6A content in total RNA extracted from ESCC cells was assessed using a dot blot assay.Gene-specific m6A-PCR was used to quantify m6A modifications in OTUD7B mRNA.The functional role of OTUD7B was explored using clonogenic and Transwell assays.The effect of OTUD7B on HIF-1αubiquitination was detected using a co-immunoprecipitation assay.Results:OTUD7B was identified as a pivotal m6A-driven oncogene correlated with METTL14 and HIF-1α.METTL14 enhanced the mRNA stability and expression of OTUD7B through m6A methylation.OTUD7B overexpression counteracted the inhibitory effects of METTL14 knockdown on cell proliferation and invasion and stabilized HIF-1αby promoting deubiquitination.Conclusion:METTL14 plays a crucial role in the stabilization of OTUD7B through m6A methylation,thereby inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of HIF-1αin ESCC.These findings highlight the potential of targeting the METTL14-OTUD7B axis as a therapeutic strategy for ESCC.
基金supported by the Basic research and achievement transformation project of Jiulongpo District Science and Technology Bureau[No.2022-02-013-Y].
文摘The Nucleic Acid Laboratory,a division of the Clinical Laboratory Department,is responsible for performing real-time PCR(qPCR)assays to rapidly detect infectious diseases,genetic disorders,and more[1].As the gold standard,qPCR has played an indispensable role in diagnosing pandemic infections,such as the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)[2].
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFA1108302)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA1101400)+2 种基金Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS(No.XDA 0460205)Open Project of Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Intelligent Manufacturing(No.2024KF31)Basic Frontier Science Research Program of CAS(No.ZDBS-LY-SM024).
文摘The high failure rates in clinical drug development based on animal models highlight the urgent need for more representative human models in biomedical research.In response to this demand,organoids and organ chips were integrated for greater physiological relevance and dynamic,controlled experimental conditions.This innovative platform—the organoids-on-a-chip technology—shows great promise in disease modeling,drug discovery,and personalized medicine,attracting interest from researchers,clinicians,regulatory authorities,and industry stakeholders.This review traces the evolution from organoids to organoids-on-a-chip,driven by the necessity for advanced biological models.We summarize the applications of organoids-on-a-chip in simulating physiological and pathological phenotypes and therapeutic evaluation of this technology.This section highlights how integrating technologies from organ chips,such as microfluidic systems,mechanical stimulation,and sensor integration,optimizes organoid cell types,spatial structure,and physiological functions,thereby expanding their biomedical applications.We conclude by addressing the current challenges in the development of organoids-on-a-chip and offering insights into the prospects.The advancement of organoids-on-a-chip is poised to enhance fidelity,standardization,and scalability.Furthermore,the integration of cutting-edge technologies and interdisciplinary collaborations will be crucial for the progression of organoids-on-a-chip technology.
基金Supported by Clinical Key Discipline Fund by Ministry of Health(2010-2012)Chinese National Clinical Key Discipline(2011-2012)the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,No.10DJ1400500
文摘Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. A model of cancer development involving cancer stem cells has been put forward because it provides a possible explanation of tumor hierarchy. Cancer stem cells are characterized by their proliferation, tumorigenesis, differentiation, and selfrenewal capacities, and chemoradiotherapy resistance. Due to the role of cancer stem cells in tumor initiation and treatment failure, studies of cancer stem cell markers, such as CD133, have been of great interest. CD133, a five-transmembrane glycoprotein, is widely used as a marker to identify and isolate colorectal cancer stem cells. This marker has been investigated to better understand the characteristics and functions of cancer stem cells. Moreover, it can also be used to predict tumor progression, patient survival, chemoradiotherapy resistance and other clinical parameters. In this review, we discuss the use of CD133 in the identification of colorectal cancer stem cell, which is currently controversial. Although the function of CD133 is as yet unclear, we have discussed several possible functions and associated mechanisms that may partially explain the role of CD133 in colorectal cancers. In addition, we focus on the prognostic value of CD133 in colorectal cancers. Finally, we predict that CD133 may be used as a possible target for colorectal cancer treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81171178the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province in China,No.2012011036-3the Research Project of Shanxi Scholarship Council of China,No.2012-047
文摘Paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B（Pir B） is a functional receptor of myelin-associated inhibitors for axonal regeneration and synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system, and thus suppresses nerve regeneration. The regulatory effect of Pir B on injured nerves has received a lot of attention. To better understand nerve regeneration inability after spinal cord injury, this study aimed to investigate the distribution of Pir B（via immunofluorescence） in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system 10 days after injury. Immunoreactivity for Pir B increased in the dorsal root ganglia, sciatic nerves, and spinal cord segments. In the dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerves, Pir B was mainly distributed along neuronal and axonal membranes. Pir B was found to exhibit a diffuse, intricate distribution in the dorsal and ventral regions. Immunoreactivity for Pir B was enhanced in some cortical neurons located in the bilateral precentral gyri. Overall, the findings suggest a pattern of Pir B immunoreactivity in the nervous system after unilateral spinal transection injury, and also indicate that Pir B may suppress repair after injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81171178the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province in China,No.2012011036-3Scientific Research Foundation of Shanxi Province of China for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,No.2013011054-2
文摘The transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1（TRPV1） provides the sensation of pain（nociception）. However, it remains unknown whether TRPV1 is activated after peripheral nerve injury, or whether activation of TRPV1 affects neural regeneration. In the present study, we established rat models of unilateral sciatic nerve crush injury, with or without pretreatment with AMG517（300 mg/kg）, a TRPV1 antagonist, injected subcutaneously into the ipsilateral paw 60 minutes before injury. At 1 and 2 weeks after injury, we performed immunofluorescence staining of the sciatic nerve at the center of injury, at 0.3 cm proximal and distal to the injury site, and in the dorsal root ganglia. Our results showed that Wallerian degeneration occurred distal to the injury site, and neurite outgrowth and Schwann cell regeneration occurred proximal to the injury. The number of regenerating myelinated and unmyelinated nerve clusters was greater in the AMG517-pretreated rats than in the vehicle-treated group, most notably 2 weeks after injury. TRPV1 expression in the injured sciatic nerve and ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia was markedly greater than on the contralateral side. Pretreatment with AMG517 blocked this effect. These data indicate that TRPV1 is activated or overexpressed after sciatic nerve crush injury, and that blockade of TRPV1 may accelerate regeneration of the injured sciatic nerve.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1332105,51475396,11335006,21103109,21176152,and 21373137)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(Grant No.2013J01026)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of China(Grant Nos.2013121012,20720140517,20720160013,and 20720160020)
文摘Strontium titanate（SrTiO3） is a promising n-type material for thermoelectric applications. However, its relatively high thermal conductivity limits its performance in efficiently converting heat into electrical power through thermoelectric effect.This work shows that the thermal conductivity of SrTiO3 can be effectively reduced by annealing treatments, through an integrated study of laser flash measurement, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray absorption fine structure, and first-principles calculations. A phonon scattering model is proposed to explain the reduction of thermal conductivity after annealing. This work suggests a promising means to characterize and optimize the material for thermoelectric applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1300403)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2020081)+3 种基金the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-093)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32222007)the Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province(2022YSCXTD0005)the Science&Technology Specific Project in Agricultural High-Tech Industrial Demonstration Area of the Yellow River Delta(2022SZX12).
文摘Diatoms rely on fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding proteins(FCPs)for light harvesting and energy quenching under marine environments.Here we report two cryo-electron microscopic structures of photosystem I(PSI)with either 13 or five fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding protein Is(FCPIs)at 2.78 and 3.20Åresolutions from Thalassiosira pseudonana grown under high light(HL)conditions.Among them,five FCPIs are stably associated with the PSI core,these include Lhcr3,RedCAP,Lhcq8,Lhcf10,and FCP3.The eight additional Lhcr-type FCPIs are loosely associated with the PSI core and detached under the present purification conditions.The pigments of this centric diatom showed a higher proportion of chlorophylls a,diadinoxanthins,and diatoxanthins;some of the chlorophyll as and diadinoxanthins occupy the locations of fucoxanthins found in the huge PSI-FCPI from another centric diatom Chaetoceros gracilis grown under low-light conditions.These additional chlorophyll as may form more energy transfer pathways and additional diadinoxanthins may form more energy dissipation sites relying on the diadinoxanthin-diatoxanthin cycle.These results reveal the assembly mechanism of FCPIs and corresponding light-adaptive strategies of T.pseudonana PSI-FCPI,as well as the convergent evolution of the diatom PSI-FCPI structures.
基金supported by grants from the Chongqing Medical Scientific Research Project(No.2024MSXM109)Science and Technology Innovation Key R&D Program of Chongqing(No.CSTB2022TIAD-STX0008).
文摘With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology,its applications in medical imaging have become increasingly extensive.This review aimed to analyze the current development status and future direction of intelligent imaging technology by investigating its application in various medical departments.To achieve this,we conducted a comprehensive search of various data sources up to 2024,including PubMed,Web of Science,and Google Scholar,based on the principle of comprehensive search.A total of 332 articles were screened,and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria,56 articles were selected for this study.According to the findings,intelligent imaging technology exhibits robust image recognition capabilities,making it applicable across diverse medical imaging modalities within hospital departments.This technology offers an efficient solution for the analysis of various medical images by extracting and accurately identifying complex features.Consequently,it significantly aids in the detection and diagnosis of clinical diseases.Its high accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity render it an indispensable tool in clinical diagnostics and related tasks,thereby enhancing the overall quality of healthcare services.The application of intelligent imaging technology in healthcare significantly enhances the efficiency of clinical diagnostics,resulting in more accurate and timely patient assessments.This advanced technology offers a faster and more precise diagnostic approach,ultimately improving patient care and outcomes.This review analyzed the socioeconomic changes brought about by intelligent imaging technology to provide a more comprehensive evaluation.Also,we systematically analyzed the current shortcomings of intelligent imaging technology and its future development directions,to enable future research.
文摘Aims Nitrogen(N)-fixing legumes,despite being highly phosphorus(P)-demanding,constitute an important plant functional group and play key roles in N-poor ecosystems such as alpine grasslands.However,legume performance,including biomass,abundance and species richness,is expected to change,because anthropogenic activities have drastically increased soil N and P availability world-wide.We conducted a field experiment to assess the effects of N and P addition,alone and in combination,on legume performance in an alpine grassland,and identified and clarified the mechanisms underlying these changes.Methods A three year field experiment of N addition(10 g N m−2 year−1),P addition(5 g P m−2 year−1),and N+P combined addition(both N and P,same amounts as solo treatments)was conducted in an alpine grassland on the tibetan Plateau in china from 2011 to 2013.Effects of nutrient addition were assessed at the community level(above-ground net primary production(ANPP),height and light intensity),functional group level(biomass,species richness,relative height,relative coverage and relative density of legumes)and species level(foliar N,P concentration of two legumes).Important findings Overall,adding N alone significantly increased ANPP by 20.82%,but adding P alone did not;whereas,addition of N and P together resulted in a large increase in ANPP(+37.03%)than addition of either alone,indicating potential co-limitation of alpine grasslands.In contrast,adding P alone significantly promoted legume perfor-mance as measured by 65.22%increase in biomass and 58.45%increase in relative abundance,while adding N alone reduced leg-ume performance as measured by 39.54%decrease in biomass and 50.36%in relative abundance.combining P and N addition did not mitigate the negative effect of N addition on legume performance and,surprisingly,suppressed legume biomass by 53.14%and relative abundance by 63.51%.N and P addition altered the balance of light competition between grasses and legumes as indicated by the changes in light levels,plant heights and litter accumulation.However,there were no obvious changes in legume species richness in response to N and P within our experimental timeframe.this study provides further evidence of the importance of P as a co-limiting nutrient in alpine grasslands,contrary to the traditional view that N limitation predominates in such regions.the contrasting effects of N and P addition on legume performance provide important insights into potential changes in legume performance in nutrient-limited grasslands following N and P enrichment under climate change,with implications for nutrient management in alpine grasslands.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China(31471790)the Agricultural Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(National Key Technology R&D Program,2012BAD19B02)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2007CB109104)。
文摘Age structure and seasonality influence the population fluctuations of small rodents.Age determines body weight and social experience,while seasonality regulates the duration of the breeding season and onset of sexual maturity in newborn offspring.Therefore,reproductive success and skew usually occur in different age groups.Brandt’s vole(Lasiopodomys brandtii)is a social,short-lived and seasonal breeding small rodent with a dramatic seasonal population fluctuation,but reproductive skew is not fully understood in this species.In the present study,we determined kinship in semi-natural enclosure populations using microsatellite markers based on genotyping,analyzed the reproductive skew between sexes and between overwintered and newborn voles,and monitored variation in male reproductive activity by testing fecal testosterone levels throughout the year.Overwintered voles had the most reproductive success along with a striking increase in the population size in the enclosures,with all biological fathers and 77.8%of biological mothers,which had 100%and 87%of the total offspring,respectively.Compared to overwintered voles,reproductive skews were significantly higher in potential overwintered and newborn parents,implying the possible reproductive suppression of newborn voles by dominant overwintered voles.Moreover,both heavier body weight and higher testosterone levels in overwintered males supported their potential social status in the population.Our study provided new evidence for reproductive skew and differentiation of postnatal gonadal development patterns of different age groups in Brandt’s vole.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21875019,21803007,21975020,51803009)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0901800)+1 种基金the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province(2019ZT08Y191)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JSGG20200225151916021)。
文摘Photothermal therapy(PTT)is emerging as an effective treatment for superficial carcinoma.A key challenge to the effectiveness of PTT is to develop photosensitizers with high photothermal conversion efficiency.Aiming to address this challenge,we develop a series of multi-arylpyrrole derivatives with different donors that contain different multi-rotor structures to explore highly efficient PTT photosensitizers.Among these multi-arylpyrrole derivatives,MAP4-FE nanoparticles with a small size of their donor groups and better-donating ability exhibit a high photothermal conversion efficiency(up to 72%)when they are encapsulated by an amphiphilic polymer.As a result,the MAP4-FE nanoparticles have shown satisfactory PTTeffects on in vivo tumor eradication under the guidance of photoacoustic signals.The findings of this study provide significant insights for the development of high-efficiency PTT photosensitizers for cancer treatment by making full use of the nonradiative decay of small size donors as rotors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(Nos.10905023,71131007,71532009 and 71790594)Humanities and Social Sciences Fund sponsored by Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China(No.17YJAZH067)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2015).
文摘Using minute data of eligible A+H stocks under the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect(SHHKSC),we investigate the volatility spillover between the Shanghai and Hong Kong stock markets based on a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity-X(GARCH-X)model with four exogenous variables,namely,volatilities of the corresponding stocks on the other market,volatilities of the indexes of both stock markets,and volatilities of the correlated stocks,which are selected using the dynamic conditional correlation model and bootstrap approach.Results show that after the launch of the SHHKSC,volatility spillovers are significant in both directions almost all the time,and the volatility spillover between the two stock markets tends to be larger when bidirectional capital flows under the SHHKSC increase or when important financial events occur.We also analyze the influences of the volatilities of correlated stocks and industries on the volatility spillover and volatilities of A+H stocks.The bidirectional volatility spillovers between Shanghai and Hong Kong stock markets do not change qualitatively after incorporating the volatilities of correlated stocks and industries in the GARCH-X model.Moreover,the average volatilities of the correlated stocks are shown to have significant influences on the volatilities of individual A+H stocks,and the influences increase when the local stock market shows a sharp rise or fall.Compared with the market indexes,the correlated stocks could be regarded as a more important and indispensable factor for individual A+H stocks’volatilities modeling,which may carry more information than the industry.
