Microbial activities are the dynamic core of nutrient cycling in organic substrates,and the exploitation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria strains contributes to sustainable agricultural development.This study a...Microbial activities are the dynamic core of nutrient cycling in organic substrates,and the exploitation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria strains contributes to sustainable agricultural development.This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of Bacillus velezensis SX13 in nutrient cycling and plant promotion under different substrate supply conditions.The effects of reduced substrate amount(sCK)and inoculation of SX13 strain under both substrate supply conditions(Bv and sBv)on rhizosphere microenvironment and plant growth were investigated using conventional substrate amount(CK)as a control.Results showed no significant difference in the a-diversity indexes(Chao1 and Shannon)of the rhizospheric microbial community among the four treatments.However,nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis and principal coordinate analysis revealed that compared with CK treatment,the inoculation of SX13strain and reduced substrate supply reshaped the β-diversity structure of microbial communities.Furthermore,inoculation with B.velezensis SX13 under both substrate supply conditions increased the abundance of Proteobacteria(1.64%-2.46%),Acidobacteria(14.09%-43.07%),and Firmicutes(179.29%-861.29%).The results of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis showed that the metabolic pathway with the highest abundance of enriched genes was also the pathway with the most enriched differential genes caused by reducing substrate supply or inoculation of B.velezensis SX13.The rhizosphere inoculation of B.velezensis SX13significantly up-regulated the top genes related to carbohydrate esterases,carbohydrate binding modules,glycoside hydrolases,glycoside transferases,and polysaccharide lyases.As a result,the activities of carbon and nitrogen cycle-related enzymes such as cellobiohydrolase,β-glucosidase,urease,L-leucine amino peptidase,and β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase were increased,which in turn accelerated nutrient cycling.B.velezensis SX13 and its mediated improvement of the rhizospheric microenvironment resulted in the up-regulation of root CsNRT family genes(such as CsNRT1.1,CsNRT1.4a,CsNRT1.4b,CsNRT1.5a,CsNRT1.5b,CsNRT1.5c,and CsNRT1.8),which accelerated nitrogen uptake,accumulation,and utilization efficiency and ultimately improved the yield and quality of cucumber.The effect of SX13 strain was more stable and efficient under conventional substrate supply conditions than under reduced substrate supply conditions.展开更多
Flax(Linum usitatissimum L.)is an important oil crop in the high-altitude arid regions of China.Flaxseed is rich in various nutrients.However,the nutritional qualities of flaxseeds from different producing areas are s...Flax(Linum usitatissimum L.)is an important oil crop in the high-altitude arid regions of China.Flaxseed is rich in various nutrients.However,the nutritional qualities of flaxseeds from different producing areas are still unclear.In this study,the nutritional characteristics of flaxseed from five producing areas in China were investigated.Twenty five nutritional quality indices in flaxseed were analyzed.Subsequently,chemometric methods,including cluster analysis,principal component analysis(PCA)and partial least square discriminant analysis(PLS-DA),were employed to discover the characteristics of nutritional qualities in flaxseeds.The results revealed there are significant differences in nutritional qualities among flaxseeds from different production areas.Six quality indices includingγ-tocopherol,vitamin E,phytosterols,oleic acid,α-linolenic acid,and cycloartenol were susceptible to producing area.In detail,the superiorcharacteristic nutrients of Ningxia flaxseed,Inner Mongolia flaxseed and Hebei flaxseed are vitamin E(17.3 mg/100g),α-linolenic acid(52.6%)and cycloartenol(1738.1 mg/kg),and phytosterols(3032.0 mg/kg),respectively.This study promotes the high-value development and utilization of local flaxseed industry.展开更多
The increasing prevalence of multiple adulteration in olive oil affects product authenticity and market integrity.Therefore,it is necessary to develop advanced methods to detect the multiple adulteration.In this study...The increasing prevalence of multiple adulteration in olive oil affects product authenticity and market integrity.Therefore,it is necessary to develop advanced methods to detect the multiple adulteration.In this study,a portable Raman spectrometer was employed to address this issue,with adulterant mixtures using a D-optimal mixture design to ensure representative samples.The results showed that principal component analysis(PCA)was unable to distinguish authentic olive oils from adulterated ones,whereas partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)successfully differentiated the two groups.These findings demonstrated the technical feasibility of combining Raman spectroscopy with PLS-DA to detect multiple adulteration in olive oil,offering a promising method for portable,rapid authentication to counter increasingly sophisticated fraud in the edible oil industry.展开更多
Objective: To assess the long-term effectiveness and safety of trastuzumab in adjuvant therapy for Chinese patients with early-stage human epidermal growth factor 2(HER2)-positive breast cancer in a real-world setting...Objective: To assess the long-term effectiveness and safety of trastuzumab in adjuvant therapy for Chinese patients with early-stage human epidermal growth factor 2(HER2)-positive breast cancer in a real-world setting.Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed the medical records of HER2-positive breast cancer patients between 2000 and 2012 at the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy alone or adjuvant chemotherapy followed by/combined with trastuzumab were included. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate disease-free survival(DFS) and overall survival(OS). Hazard ratios(HR) and 95% confidence intervals(95% CI) were calculated using the Cox regression model.Results: Of the 1,348 patients analyzed, 909 received chemotherapy alone and 439 received chemotherapy plus trastuzumab. The 3-year, 5-year and 10-year DFS rates were 83.70%, 76.38% and 68.94%, respectively, in the chemotherapy-alone cohort, and 90.21%, 86.19% and 83.45% in the chemotherapy plus trastuzumab cohort. The3-year, 5-year and 10-year OS rates were 96.10%, 91.40% and 81.88% in the chemotherapy-alone cohort, and98.17%, 94.91% and 90.01% in the chemotherapy plus trastuzumab cohort. The chemotherapy plus trastuzumab group had a significantly lower risk of disease recurrence and death than the chemotherapy-alone group(DFS:HR=0.50, 95% CI, 0.37-0.68;P<0.001;OS: HR=0.53, 95% CI, 0.34-0.81;P=0.004) after adjusting for covariates.In the 439 patients treated with trastuzumab, multivariate analysis suggested that lymph node positivity, higher T stages, and hormone receptor-negative status were significantly associated with higher risks of disease recurrence,and lymph node positivity and hormone receptor-negative status were significantly associated with higher risks of death. Grade 3/4 adverse events(incidence ≥1%) were more common in patients receiving trastuzumab(54.44% vs.15.73%).Conclusions: Early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy have a significant survival benefit compared with chemotherapy-alone in real-world settings. Lymph node positivity, hormone receptor-negative status, and higher T stages may be associated with higher risks of recurrence, and effective therapy for patients with these factors is required.展开更多
To determine whether ultrasound features can improve the diagnostic performance of tumor markers in distinguishing ovarian tumors,we enrolled 719 patients diagnosed as having ovarian tumors at Nanfang Hospital from Se...To determine whether ultrasound features can improve the diagnostic performance of tumor markers in distinguishing ovarian tumors,we enrolled 719 patients diagnosed as having ovarian tumors at Nanfang Hospital from September 2014 to November 2016.Age,menopausal status,histopathology,the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO)stages,tumor biomarker levels,and detailed ultrasound reports of patients were collected.The area under the curve(AUC),sensitivity,and specificity of the bellow-mentioned predictors were analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic curve.Of the 719 patients,531 had benign lesions,119 had epithelial ovarian cancers(EOC),44 had borderline ovarian tumors(BOT),and 25 had non-EOC.AUCs and the sensitivity of cancer antigen 125(CAI25),human epididymis-specific protein 4(HE4),Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm(ROMA),Risk of Malignancy Index(RMI1),HE4 model,and Rajavithi-Ovarian Cancer Predictive Score(R-OPS)in the overall population were 0.792,0.854,0.856,0.872,0.893,0.852,and 70.2%,56.9%,69.1%,60.6%,77.1%,71.3%,respectively.For distinguishing EOC from benign tumors,the AUCs and sensitivity of the above mentioned predictors were 0.888,0.946,0.947,0.949,0.967,0.966,and 84.0%,79.8%,87.4%,84.9%,90.8%,89.1%,respectively.Their specificity in predicting benign diseases was 72.9%,94.4%,87.6%,95.9%,86.3%,90.8%,respectively.Therefore,we consider biomarkers in combination with ultrasound features may improve the diagnostic performance in distinguishing malignant from benign ovarian tumors.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)with tumor thrombus in the bile duct(BDTT)is easily misdiagnosed or mistreated due to the clinicopathological diversity of the thrombus and its relationship with primary lesions...BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)with tumor thrombus in the bile duct(BDTT)is easily misdiagnosed or mistreated due to the clinicopathological diversity of the thrombus and its relationship with primary lesions.AIM To propose a new classification for HCC with BDTT in order to guide its diagnosis and treatment.METHODS A retrospective review of the diagnosis and treatment experience regarding seven typical HCC patients with BDTT between January 2010 and December 2019 was conducted.RESULTS BDTT was preoperatively confirmed by computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging in only four patients.Three patients with recurrent HCC and one patient with first-occurring HCC had no visible intrahepatic tumors;of these,misdiagnosis occurred in two patients,and three patients died.One patient was mistreated as having common bile duct stones,and another patient with a history of multiple recurrent HCC was misdiagnosed until obvious biliary dilation could be detected.Only one patient who received hepatectomy accompanied by BDTT extraction exhibited disease-free survival during the follow-up period.A new classification was proposed for HCC with BDTT as follows:HCC with microscopic BDTT(Type Ⅰ);resectable primary or recurrent HCC mass in the liver with BDTT(Type Ⅱ);BDTT without an obvious HCC mass in the liver(Type Ⅲ)and BDTT accompanied with unresectable intra-or extrahepatic HCC lesions(Type Ⅳ).CONCLUSION We herein propose a new classification system for HCC with BDTT to reflect its pathological characteristics and emphasize the significance of primary tumor resectability in its treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Biliary cancers are more common in females, and previous studies have suggested that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) exists in the biliary system. However, the effects of H. pylori infection and estrogen o...BACKGROUND: Biliary cancers are more common in females, and previous studies have suggested that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) exists in the biliary system. However, the effects of H. pylori infection and estrogen on the biological behaviors of human biliary epithelium mucosa remain unknown. The present study aimed to clarify their effects on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and oxidative DNA damage of a human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cell (HIBEC) line in vitro. METHODS: HIBECs were co -cultured with 17 beta-estradiol (at 10(-9) mol/L, 10(-7) mol/L, and 10(-5) mol/L) and H. pylori (at MOI=0.5:1, 1:1, and 2:1) and continuously passaged until the 15th generation (approximately 45 days). Then, the following assays were performed. HIBEC proliferation was measured using the CCK-8 assay, plate clone-formation assay and by determining Ki-67 expression with immunocytochemistry; cell apoptosis and migration were investigated using Annexin-V/PI and transwell assays, respectively; and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) production were detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively. The results were the basis for evaluating the level of oxidative stress and the related DNA damage in HIBECs. RESULTS: HIBECs maintained a normal morphology and vitality when treated with 17 beta-estradiol (at 10(-9) mol/L) and H. pylori (at MOI=0.5:1 and 1:1). 17 beta-estradiol at 10(-7) mol/L and 10(-5) mol/L and H. pylori at MOI=2:1, by contrast, caused cell death. Compared with controls, HIBECs treated with 17 beta-estradiol (10(-9) mol/L) and H. pylori (MOI=1:1) had a higher up-regulation of proliferation, Ki-67 expression, clone formation, migration activity and the expression of ROS and 8-OHdG and exhibited a down-regulation of apoptosis. The above effects were further increased when 17 beta-estradiol and H. pylori were combined (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: H. pylori and 17 beta-estradiol, separately or in combination, promoted cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis of HIBECs in vitro. The above phenomena might be related to oxidative stress and its subsequent DNA damage with H. pylori and 17 beta-estradiol.展开更多
It has become clear that the extant vertebrates are divided into three major groups, that is, hagfishes, lampreys, and jawed vertebrates. Morphological and molecular studies, however, have resulted in conflicting view...It has become clear that the extant vertebrates are divided into three major groups, that is, hagfishes, lampreys, and jawed vertebrates. Morphological and molecular studies, however, have resulted in conflicting views with regard to their interrelationships. To clarify the phylogenetic relationships between them, 48 orthologous protein-coding gene families were analyzed. Even as the analysis of 34 nuclear gene families supported the monophyly of cyclostomes, the analysis of 14 mitochondrial gene families suggested a closer relationship between lampreys and gnathostomes compared to hagfishes. Lampreys were sister group of gnathostomes. The results of this study supported the cyclostomes. Choice of outgroup, tree-making methods, and software may affect the phylogenetic prediction, which may have caused much debate over the subject. Development of new methods for tackling such problems is still necessary.展开更多
ZnSe as a surface passivation layer in quantum dot-sensitized solar cells plays an important role in preventing charge recombination and thus improves the power conversion efficiency(PCE).However, as a wide bandgap se...ZnSe as a surface passivation layer in quantum dot-sensitized solar cells plays an important role in preventing charge recombination and thus improves the power conversion efficiency(PCE).However, as a wide bandgap semiconductor, ZnSe cannot efficiently absorb and convert long-wavelength light.Doping transition metal ions into ZnSe semiconductors is an effective way to adjust the band gap, such as manganese ions.In this paper, it is found by the method of density functional theory calculation that the valence band of ZnSe moves upward with manganese ions doping, which leads to acceleration of charge separation, wider light absorption range, and enhancing light harvesting.Finally, by using ZnSe doped with manganese ions as the passivation layer, the TiO2/CdS/CdSe co-sensitized solar cell has a PCE of 6.12%, and the PCE of the solar cell increases by 9% compared with the undoped one(5.62%).展开更多
To clarify direct impact characteristics(pressure and position) of middle-grade magnesite fragmentation by pulsed discharge in water, this work uses pressure film to accomplish passive measurement through pulsed disch...To clarify direct impact characteristics(pressure and position) of middle-grade magnesite fragmentation by pulsed discharge in water, this work uses pressure film to accomplish passive measurement through pulsed discharge experiment and obtain the pressure. The impact position is determined by image analysis of fragmentation product morphology, crack edge and discharge channel. Then, pressure load on magnesite surface is numerically analyzed based on the measured pressure obtained from the film. Results indicate that, at 10 mm discharge gap, the impact pressure increases with the discharge voltage, and the discharge voltage to disintegrate magnesite is-40 kV. The impact position is normally in the boundary among different mineral components.Simulation analysis indicates that, the pressure load applied directly on magnesite surface is approximately 142.5 MPa at-40 kV and greater than the compressive strength of magnesite, thus leading to the fragmentation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal metastasis of breast cancer is rare,and clinicians may not have previously encountered this disease in clinical practice.CASE SUMMARY We report a patient with invasive lobular carcinoma of ...BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal metastasis of breast cancer is rare,and clinicians may not have previously encountered this disease in clinical practice.CASE SUMMARY We report a patient with invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast who developed gastrointestinal metastasis two years after modified radical surgery.Mild elevation of carbohydrate antigen 15-3 was observed in the patient at an early stage;however,diagnosis and treatment were delayed due to non-specific clinical manifestations and no identifiable metastasis observed on imaging.CONCLUSION Clinicians should pay attention to gastrointestinal metastasis of breast cancer,especially invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast.展开更多
Oil content is a crucial indicator for evaluating the quality of peanuts.A rapid and non-destructive method to determine oil content of individual peanut seed can provide robust technical support for breeding high-oil...Oil content is a crucial indicator for evaluating the quality of peanuts.A rapid and non-destructive method to determine oil content of individual peanut seed can provide robust technical support for breeding high-oil-content peanut varieties.In this study,we established a rapid determination method using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging and chemometrics to assess the oil content of single peanut seed.After selecting key wavelengths through competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS),uninformative variable elimination(UVE),and random frog(RF),we constructed an oil content calibration model based on partial least squares regression for single peanut seed.Validation results demonstrated that the correlation coefficient was 0.8393 with a root mean square error of 1.7771 in the calibration set,while it was 0.7915 with a root mean square error of 2.2943 in the independent prediction set.Most samples exhibited relative errors below 5%,confirming the reliability of this model in predicting oil content of single peanut seed.展开更多
Objective:A case study was performed to discuss the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)treatments on spasmodic torticollis.Materials and methods:A 28-year-old male was diagnosed with spasmodic torticollis du...Objective:A case study was performed to discuss the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)treatments on spasmodic torticollis.Materials and methods:A 28-year-old male was diagnosed with spasmodic torticollis due to twist and turn of neck after being frightened,who was unable to take care of himself for over 3 months.He once took an oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug,but no significant improvement was seen in his symptoms.After a few months,his symptoms got worse,with onset of spasms.Therefore,he was treated at our hospital with traditional Chinese prescription and Tuina massage therapy for 3 months and followed up for 6 months.The Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale(TWSTRS)and the Craniocervical Dystonia Questionnaire(CDQ-24)scores were recorded before and after treatment and during follow-up observations to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy.Results:Compared to the baseline,the TWSTRS and CDQ-24 scores decreased significantly,and there was no evident recurrence of his symptoms for at least 6 months of follow-up.Moreover,no apparent discomfort or side effects were observed during the treatment.Conclusion:Jingu abdominal massage combined with traditional Chinese prescription has a certain efficacy in the treatment of spasmodic torticollis,with almost no side effects,which can be easily accepted by patients.展开更多
Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis(PEMWE)is one of the most promising strategies to pro-duce green hydrogen energy,and it is crucial to exploit highly conductive and good corrosion-resistant coatings on bipol...Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis(PEMWE)is one of the most promising strategies to pro-duce green hydrogen energy,and it is crucial to exploit highly conductive and good corrosion-resistant coatings on bipolar plates(BPs),one of the core components in PEMWE cells.In this work,NbN coatings are deposited on Ti BPs by magnetron sputtering to improve the corrosion resistance and conductivity,for which the critical process parameters,such as the working pressure,partial nitrogen pressure and de-position temperature are well optimized.It is found that the compact microstructure,highly conductive δ-NbN and uniform nanoparticles play a dominant role in the synergistic improvement of the corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity of NbN coatings.The optimized NbN coatings exhibit excellent cor-rosion resistance with the low corrosion current density of 1.1×10^(-8) A cm^(-2),a high potential value of-0.005 V vs.SCE and a low ICR value of 15.8 mΩcm2@1.5 MPa.Accordingly,NbN coatings can be a promising candidate for the development of the low-cost and high-anti-corrosion Ti BPs of PEMWE.展开更多
Objective:A subset of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive(HER2+)breast cancer shows insensitivity to neoadjuvant therapy(NAT),often evidenced by imaging results indicating stable disease(SD...Objective:A subset of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive(HER2+)breast cancer shows insensitivity to neoadjuvant therapy(NAT),often evidenced by imaging results indicating stable disease(SD)or progressive disease(PD),which may reflect intrinsic resistance to treatment.We aimed to investigate the factors associated with NAT insensitivity and its prognostic value in HER2+breast cancer.Methods:This study included consecutive patients with HER2+breast cancer who received NAT consisting of chemotherapy combined with anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies.NAT insensitivity was defined as SD or PD on the basis of treatment response evaluations.Statistical analyses were conducted on the collected clinical data,and HER2 heterogeneity was subsequently assessed.Results:A total of 541 patients were included in the study,among whom 63(11.6%)were categorized as NATinsensitive group and 478(88.4%)as NAT-sensitive group.Hormone receptor(HR)status(P=0.033),HER2 status(P=0.036)and anti-HER2 therapy(P=0.007)were associated with NAT sensitivity.NAT-insensitive group had a significantly shorter event-free survival(EFS)(3-year:69.4%vs.94.3%;P<0.001)and remained an independent prognostic factor according to Cox models[hazard ratio(HR)=8.637;95%confidence interval(95%CI),3.091-24.136;P<0.001].Exploratory analysis revealed a greater proportion of HER2 heterogeneity in the NAT-insensitive group(19.4%vs.4.3%;P=0.035).Conclusions:HR positivity,HER22+/fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)+status,and trastuzumab monotherapy are associated with NAT insensitivity,and NAT insensitivity independently indicates poor EFS.This study also highlights the need for prospective studies to clarify the role of HER2 heterogeneity and other mechanisms involved in predicting the response to NAT.展开更多
Dear Editor,The cell,as the fundamental unit of life,presents core challenges in biological research due to its inherent complexity and dynamic properties.A recent perspective published in Cell[1]and an out-of-box art...Dear Editor,The cell,as the fundamental unit of life,presents core challenges in biological research due to its inherent complexity and dynamic properties.A recent perspective published in Cell[1]and an out-of-box article in The Innovation Life[2]outlined our visions for constructing artificial intelligence virtual cells(AIVCs).Unlike other diseases,cancer is fundamentally a cellular disease.While other disciplines focus on pathophysiological changes at the system or organ level,cancer uniquely begins with abnormal proliferation triggered by genomic instability at the cellular level,subsequently inducing local microenvironment remodeling.展开更多
Liquid cooling through a cold plate offers an efficient solution for battery thermal management.Excellent flow and heat transfer performance can be obtained by optimizing the flow channel structure of the cold plate u...Liquid cooling through a cold plate offers an efficient solution for battery thermal management.Excellent flow and heat transfer performance can be obtained by optimizing the flow channel structure of the cold plate using the topology optimization method.However,due to the uneven channel width of the optimized cold plate,there are some difficulties in processing,which affect its practical application in battery thermal management.In this study,the length scale control method is applied to a topology-optimized cold plate.An optimized cold plate considering length scale control is designed and processed,and its experimental results of flow and heat transfer are compared with those of a traditional cold plate and an optimized cold plate without length scale control.Results show that the relative deviations between the numerical and experimental results with length scale control are within 5%and 8%for temperature and pressure drop,respectively.The flow channel structure of the cold plate with length scale control is simpler and easier to process than that of the cold plate without length scale control.When the inlet velocity is 0.23 m/s,the maximum temperature,maximum temperature difference,and pressure drop of the cold plate with length scale control are 5.7 K,4.4 K,and 0.56 Pa lower than those of the traditional cold plate,respectively.This study provides valuable insights and practical guidance for the manufacturing and implementation of topology-optimized cold plates in battery thermal management systems.展开更多
基金supported by Scientific and Technological Innovative Research Team of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2021TD-34)China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-23-D06)Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province in China(Grant No.2022ZDLNY03-11)。
文摘Microbial activities are the dynamic core of nutrient cycling in organic substrates,and the exploitation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria strains contributes to sustainable agricultural development.This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of Bacillus velezensis SX13 in nutrient cycling and plant promotion under different substrate supply conditions.The effects of reduced substrate amount(sCK)and inoculation of SX13 strain under both substrate supply conditions(Bv and sBv)on rhizosphere microenvironment and plant growth were investigated using conventional substrate amount(CK)as a control.Results showed no significant difference in the a-diversity indexes(Chao1 and Shannon)of the rhizospheric microbial community among the four treatments.However,nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis and principal coordinate analysis revealed that compared with CK treatment,the inoculation of SX13strain and reduced substrate supply reshaped the β-diversity structure of microbial communities.Furthermore,inoculation with B.velezensis SX13 under both substrate supply conditions increased the abundance of Proteobacteria(1.64%-2.46%),Acidobacteria(14.09%-43.07%),and Firmicutes(179.29%-861.29%).The results of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis showed that the metabolic pathway with the highest abundance of enriched genes was also the pathway with the most enriched differential genes caused by reducing substrate supply or inoculation of B.velezensis SX13.The rhizosphere inoculation of B.velezensis SX13significantly up-regulated the top genes related to carbohydrate esterases,carbohydrate binding modules,glycoside hydrolases,glycoside transferases,and polysaccharide lyases.As a result,the activities of carbon and nitrogen cycle-related enzymes such as cellobiohydrolase,β-glucosidase,urease,L-leucine amino peptidase,and β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase were increased,which in turn accelerated nutrient cycling.B.velezensis SX13 and its mediated improvement of the rhizospheric microenvironment resulted in the up-regulation of root CsNRT family genes(such as CsNRT1.1,CsNRT1.4a,CsNRT1.4b,CsNRT1.5a,CsNRT1.5b,CsNRT1.5c,and CsNRT1.8),which accelerated nitrogen uptake,accumulation,and utilization efficiency and ultimately improved the yield and quality of cucumber.The effect of SX13 strain was more stable and efficient under conventional substrate supply conditions than under reduced substrate supply conditions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Devel-opment Project of China(2021YFD1600101)the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-12,CARS-13 and CARS-14)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2024-OCRI).
文摘Flax(Linum usitatissimum L.)is an important oil crop in the high-altitude arid regions of China.Flaxseed is rich in various nutrients.However,the nutritional qualities of flaxseeds from different producing areas are still unclear.In this study,the nutritional characteristics of flaxseed from five producing areas in China were investigated.Twenty five nutritional quality indices in flaxseed were analyzed.Subsequently,chemometric methods,including cluster analysis,principal component analysis(PCA)and partial least square discriminant analysis(PLS-DA),were employed to discover the characteristics of nutritional qualities in flaxseeds.The results revealed there are significant differences in nutritional qualities among flaxseeds from different production areas.Six quality indices includingγ-tocopherol,vitamin E,phytosterols,oleic acid,α-linolenic acid,and cycloartenol were susceptible to producing area.In detail,the superiorcharacteristic nutrients of Ningxia flaxseed,Inner Mongolia flaxseed and Hebei flaxseed are vitamin E(17.3 mg/100g),α-linolenic acid(52.6%)and cycloartenol(1738.1 mg/kg),and phytosterols(3032.0 mg/kg),respectively.This study promotes the high-value development and utilization of local flaxseed industry.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2021YFD1600101)the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-12 and CARS-13)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2025-OCRI)。
文摘The increasing prevalence of multiple adulteration in olive oil affects product authenticity and market integrity.Therefore,it is necessary to develop advanced methods to detect the multiple adulteration.In this study,a portable Raman spectrometer was employed to address this issue,with adulterant mixtures using a D-optimal mixture design to ensure representative samples.The results showed that principal component analysis(PCA)was unable to distinguish authentic olive oils from adulterated ones,whereas partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)successfully differentiated the two groups.These findings demonstrated the technical feasibility of combining Raman spectroscopy with PLS-DA to detect multiple adulteration in olive oil,offering a promising method for portable,rapid authentication to counter increasingly sophisticated fraud in the edible oil industry.
基金supported by the Chinese Academic of Medical Sciences Initiative for Innovative Medicine (No. CAMS-I2M-1-010)
文摘Objective: To assess the long-term effectiveness and safety of trastuzumab in adjuvant therapy for Chinese patients with early-stage human epidermal growth factor 2(HER2)-positive breast cancer in a real-world setting.Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed the medical records of HER2-positive breast cancer patients between 2000 and 2012 at the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy alone or adjuvant chemotherapy followed by/combined with trastuzumab were included. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate disease-free survival(DFS) and overall survival(OS). Hazard ratios(HR) and 95% confidence intervals(95% CI) were calculated using the Cox regression model.Results: Of the 1,348 patients analyzed, 909 received chemotherapy alone and 439 received chemotherapy plus trastuzumab. The 3-year, 5-year and 10-year DFS rates were 83.70%, 76.38% and 68.94%, respectively, in the chemotherapy-alone cohort, and 90.21%, 86.19% and 83.45% in the chemotherapy plus trastuzumab cohort. The3-year, 5-year and 10-year OS rates were 96.10%, 91.40% and 81.88% in the chemotherapy-alone cohort, and98.17%, 94.91% and 90.01% in the chemotherapy plus trastuzumab cohort. The chemotherapy plus trastuzumab group had a significantly lower risk of disease recurrence and death than the chemotherapy-alone group(DFS:HR=0.50, 95% CI, 0.37-0.68;P<0.001;OS: HR=0.53, 95% CI, 0.34-0.81;P=0.004) after adjusting for covariates.In the 439 patients treated with trastuzumab, multivariate analysis suggested that lymph node positivity, higher T stages, and hormone receptor-negative status were significantly associated with higher risks of disease recurrence,and lymph node positivity and hormone receptor-negative status were significantly associated with higher risks of death. Grade 3/4 adverse events(incidence ≥1%) were more common in patients receiving trastuzumab(54.44% vs.15.73%).Conclusions: Early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy have a significant survival benefit compared with chemotherapy-alone in real-world settings. Lymph node positivity, hormone receptor-negative status, and higher T stages may be associated with higher risks of recurrence, and effective therapy for patients with these factors is required.
基金grants from Guangdong Science and Technology Department of China(No.2016A020215115)Science and Technology Bureau of Tianhe District,Guangzhou,Guangdong(No.201604KW010)Science and Technology Bureau of Huadu District,Guangzhou,Guangdong(No.HD15CXY006).
文摘To determine whether ultrasound features can improve the diagnostic performance of tumor markers in distinguishing ovarian tumors,we enrolled 719 patients diagnosed as having ovarian tumors at Nanfang Hospital from September 2014 to November 2016.Age,menopausal status,histopathology,the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO)stages,tumor biomarker levels,and detailed ultrasound reports of patients were collected.The area under the curve(AUC),sensitivity,and specificity of the bellow-mentioned predictors were analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic curve.Of the 719 patients,531 had benign lesions,119 had epithelial ovarian cancers(EOC),44 had borderline ovarian tumors(BOT),and 25 had non-EOC.AUCs and the sensitivity of cancer antigen 125(CAI25),human epididymis-specific protein 4(HE4),Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm(ROMA),Risk of Malignancy Index(RMI1),HE4 model,and Rajavithi-Ovarian Cancer Predictive Score(R-OPS)in the overall population were 0.792,0.854,0.856,0.872,0.893,0.852,and 70.2%,56.9%,69.1%,60.6%,77.1%,71.3%,respectively.For distinguishing EOC from benign tumors,the AUCs and sensitivity of the above mentioned predictors were 0.888,0.946,0.947,0.949,0.967,0.966,and 84.0%,79.8%,87.4%,84.9%,90.8%,89.1%,respectively.Their specificity in predicting benign diseases was 72.9%,94.4%,87.6%,95.9%,86.3%,90.8%,respectively.Therefore,we consider biomarkers in combination with ultrasound features may improve the diagnostic performance in distinguishing malignant from benign ovarian tumors.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81802337Shanghai Jiao Tong University,No.YG2017MS74.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)with tumor thrombus in the bile duct(BDTT)is easily misdiagnosed or mistreated due to the clinicopathological diversity of the thrombus and its relationship with primary lesions.AIM To propose a new classification for HCC with BDTT in order to guide its diagnosis and treatment.METHODS A retrospective review of the diagnosis and treatment experience regarding seven typical HCC patients with BDTT between January 2010 and December 2019 was conducted.RESULTS BDTT was preoperatively confirmed by computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging in only four patients.Three patients with recurrent HCC and one patient with first-occurring HCC had no visible intrahepatic tumors;of these,misdiagnosis occurred in two patients,and three patients died.One patient was mistreated as having common bile duct stones,and another patient with a history of multiple recurrent HCC was misdiagnosed until obvious biliary dilation could be detected.Only one patient who received hepatectomy accompanied by BDTT extraction exhibited disease-free survival during the follow-up period.A new classification was proposed for HCC with BDTT as follows:HCC with microscopic BDTT(Type Ⅰ);resectable primary or recurrent HCC mass in the liver with BDTT(Type Ⅱ);BDTT without an obvious HCC mass in the liver(Type Ⅲ)and BDTT accompanied with unresectable intra-or extrahepatic HCC lesions(Type Ⅳ).CONCLUSION We herein propose a new classification system for HCC with BDTT to reflect its pathological characteristics and emphasize the significance of primary tumor resectability in its treatment.
基金supported by grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81401932)
文摘BACKGROUND: Biliary cancers are more common in females, and previous studies have suggested that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) exists in the biliary system. However, the effects of H. pylori infection and estrogen on the biological behaviors of human biliary epithelium mucosa remain unknown. The present study aimed to clarify their effects on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and oxidative DNA damage of a human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cell (HIBEC) line in vitro. METHODS: HIBECs were co -cultured with 17 beta-estradiol (at 10(-9) mol/L, 10(-7) mol/L, and 10(-5) mol/L) and H. pylori (at MOI=0.5:1, 1:1, and 2:1) and continuously passaged until the 15th generation (approximately 45 days). Then, the following assays were performed. HIBEC proliferation was measured using the CCK-8 assay, plate clone-formation assay and by determining Ki-67 expression with immunocytochemistry; cell apoptosis and migration were investigated using Annexin-V/PI and transwell assays, respectively; and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) production were detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively. The results were the basis for evaluating the level of oxidative stress and the related DNA damage in HIBECs. RESULTS: HIBECs maintained a normal morphology and vitality when treated with 17 beta-estradiol (at 10(-9) mol/L) and H. pylori (at MOI=0.5:1 and 1:1). 17 beta-estradiol at 10(-7) mol/L and 10(-5) mol/L and H. pylori at MOI=2:1, by contrast, caused cell death. Compared with controls, HIBECs treated with 17 beta-estradiol (10(-9) mol/L) and H. pylori (MOI=1:1) had a higher up-regulation of proliferation, Ki-67 expression, clone formation, migration activity and the expression of ROS and 8-OHdG and exhibited a down-regulation of apoptosis. The above effects were further increased when 17 beta-estradiol and H. pylori were combined (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: H. pylori and 17 beta-estradiol, separately or in combination, promoted cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis of HIBECs in vitro. The above phenomena might be related to oxidative stress and its subsequent DNA damage with H. pylori and 17 beta-estradiol.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 60575005） the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province （No. 20072152）+3 种基金 Key Project of Science and Technology of the Educational Ministry of China （No. 206032） the Science and Technology Project of Dalian City （No. 2006E11SF068） the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （No. 2007AA09ZA28） the National Basic Research Program of China （No. 2007CB815802）.
文摘It has become clear that the extant vertebrates are divided into three major groups, that is, hagfishes, lampreys, and jawed vertebrates. Morphological and molecular studies, however, have resulted in conflicting views with regard to their interrelationships. To clarify the phylogenetic relationships between them, 48 orthologous protein-coding gene families were analyzed. Even as the analysis of 34 nuclear gene families supported the monophyly of cyclostomes, the analysis of 14 mitochondrial gene families suggested a closer relationship between lampreys and gnathostomes compared to hagfishes. Lampreys were sister group of gnathostomes. The results of this study supported the cyclostomes. Choice of outgroup, tree-making methods, and software may affect the phylogenetic prediction, which may have caused much debate over the subject. Development of new methods for tackling such problems is still necessary.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61376011,61704114,51402141,and 61604086)the Gansu Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.17JR5RA198)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant Nos.lzujbky-2018-119 and lzujbky-2018-ct08)the Fund from Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee,China(Grant No.JCYJ20170818155813437)the Key Areas Scientific and Technological Research Projects in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(Grant No.2018AB004)
文摘ZnSe as a surface passivation layer in quantum dot-sensitized solar cells plays an important role in preventing charge recombination and thus improves the power conversion efficiency(PCE).However, as a wide bandgap semiconductor, ZnSe cannot efficiently absorb and convert long-wavelength light.Doping transition metal ions into ZnSe semiconductors is an effective way to adjust the band gap, such as manganese ions.In this paper, it is found by the method of density functional theory calculation that the valence band of ZnSe moves upward with manganese ions doping, which leads to acceleration of charge separation, wider light absorption range, and enhancing light harvesting.Finally, by using ZnSe doped with manganese ions as the passivation layer, the TiO2/CdS/CdSe co-sensitized solar cell has a PCE of 6.12%, and the PCE of the solar cell increases by 9% compared with the undoped one(5.62%).
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51607023)
文摘To clarify direct impact characteristics(pressure and position) of middle-grade magnesite fragmentation by pulsed discharge in water, this work uses pressure film to accomplish passive measurement through pulsed discharge experiment and obtain the pressure. The impact position is determined by image analysis of fragmentation product morphology, crack edge and discharge channel. Then, pressure load on magnesite surface is numerically analyzed based on the measured pressure obtained from the film. Results indicate that, at 10 mm discharge gap, the impact pressure increases with the discharge voltage, and the discharge voltage to disintegrate magnesite is-40 kV. The impact position is normally in the boundary among different mineral components.Simulation analysis indicates that, the pressure load applied directly on magnesite surface is approximately 142.5 MPa at-40 kV and greater than the compressive strength of magnesite, thus leading to the fragmentation.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal metastasis of breast cancer is rare,and clinicians may not have previously encountered this disease in clinical practice.CASE SUMMARY We report a patient with invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast who developed gastrointestinal metastasis two years after modified radical surgery.Mild elevation of carbohydrate antigen 15-3 was observed in the patient at an early stage;however,diagnosis and treatment were delayed due to non-specific clinical manifestations and no identifiable metastasis observed on imaging.CONCLUSION Clinicians should pay attention to gastrointestinal metastasis of breast cancer,especially invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2021YFD1600101)the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-12 and CARS-13)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2024-OCRI).
文摘Oil content is a crucial indicator for evaluating the quality of peanuts.A rapid and non-destructive method to determine oil content of individual peanut seed can provide robust technical support for breeding high-oil-content peanut varieties.In this study,we established a rapid determination method using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging and chemometrics to assess the oil content of single peanut seed.After selecting key wavelengths through competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS),uninformative variable elimination(UVE),and random frog(RF),we constructed an oil content calibration model based on partial least squares regression for single peanut seed.Validation results demonstrated that the correlation coefficient was 0.8393 with a root mean square error of 1.7771 in the calibration set,while it was 0.7915 with a root mean square error of 2.2943 in the independent prediction set.Most samples exhibited relative errors below 5%,confirming the reliability of this model in predicting oil content of single peanut seed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Based on Negative Feedback of Hippocampal-HPA Axis to investigate the Effect of Abdominal Tuina on Chronic Stress-induced CFS,No.81873393)(Based on Tryptase-PAR2-PKC e Pathway Sensitizing TRPV1 to investigate the Mechanism of Abdominal Tuina on IBS Visceral Pain,No.81873394)。
文摘Objective:A case study was performed to discuss the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)treatments on spasmodic torticollis.Materials and methods:A 28-year-old male was diagnosed with spasmodic torticollis due to twist and turn of neck after being frightened,who was unable to take care of himself for over 3 months.He once took an oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug,but no significant improvement was seen in his symptoms.After a few months,his symptoms got worse,with onset of spasms.Therefore,he was treated at our hospital with traditional Chinese prescription and Tuina massage therapy for 3 months and followed up for 6 months.The Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale(TWSTRS)and the Craniocervical Dystonia Questionnaire(CDQ-24)scores were recorded before and after treatment and during follow-up observations to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy.Results:Compared to the baseline,the TWSTRS and CDQ-24 scores decreased significantly,and there was no evident recurrence of his symptoms for at least 6 months of follow-up.Moreover,no apparent discomfort or side effects were observed during the treatment.Conclusion:Jingu abdominal massage combined with traditional Chinese prescription has a certain efficacy in the treatment of spasmodic torticollis,with almost no side effects,which can be easily accepted by patients.
基金supported by the National Key Re-search and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB4002100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52271136)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Nos.2019TD-020 and 2021JC-06).
文摘Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis(PEMWE)is one of the most promising strategies to pro-duce green hydrogen energy,and it is crucial to exploit highly conductive and good corrosion-resistant coatings on bipolar plates(BPs),one of the core components in PEMWE cells.In this work,NbN coatings are deposited on Ti BPs by magnetron sputtering to improve the corrosion resistance and conductivity,for which the critical process parameters,such as the working pressure,partial nitrogen pressure and de-position temperature are well optimized.It is found that the compact microstructure,highly conductive δ-NbN and uniform nanoparticles play a dominant role in the synergistic improvement of the corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity of NbN coatings.The optimized NbN coatings exhibit excellent cor-rosion resistance with the low corrosion current density of 1.1×10^(-8) A cm^(-2),a high potential value of-0.005 V vs.SCE and a low ICR value of 15.8 mΩcm2@1.5 MPa.Accordingly,NbN coatings can be a promising candidate for the development of the low-cost and high-anti-corrosion Ti BPs of PEMWE.
基金supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS,No.2021-I2M-1-014,2023-I2M-C&T-B-077 and 2023-I2M-C&T-B-081)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.L258033)the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(No.2025-LYZX-D-A02)。
文摘Objective:A subset of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive(HER2+)breast cancer shows insensitivity to neoadjuvant therapy(NAT),often evidenced by imaging results indicating stable disease(SD)or progressive disease(PD),which may reflect intrinsic resistance to treatment.We aimed to investigate the factors associated with NAT insensitivity and its prognostic value in HER2+breast cancer.Methods:This study included consecutive patients with HER2+breast cancer who received NAT consisting of chemotherapy combined with anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies.NAT insensitivity was defined as SD or PD on the basis of treatment response evaluations.Statistical analyses were conducted on the collected clinical data,and HER2 heterogeneity was subsequently assessed.Results:A total of 541 patients were included in the study,among whom 63(11.6%)were categorized as NATinsensitive group and 478(88.4%)as NAT-sensitive group.Hormone receptor(HR)status(P=0.033),HER2 status(P=0.036)and anti-HER2 therapy(P=0.007)were associated with NAT sensitivity.NAT-insensitive group had a significantly shorter event-free survival(EFS)(3-year:69.4%vs.94.3%;P<0.001)and remained an independent prognostic factor according to Cox models[hazard ratio(HR)=8.637;95%confidence interval(95%CI),3.091-24.136;P<0.001].Exploratory analysis revealed a greater proportion of HER2 heterogeneity in the NAT-insensitive group(19.4%vs.4.3%;P=0.035).Conclusions:HR positivity,HER22+/fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)+status,and trastuzumab monotherapy are associated with NAT insensitivity,and NAT insensitivity independently indicates poor EFS.This study also highlights the need for prospective studies to clarify the role of HER2 heterogeneity and other mechanisms involved in predicting the response to NAT.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0103600,2024YFA1107400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82472633,92459304)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2022-I2M-2-001,2023-I2M-2-004).
文摘Dear Editor,The cell,as the fundamental unit of life,presents core challenges in biological research due to its inherent complexity and dynamic properties.A recent perspective published in Cell[1]and an out-of-box article in The Innovation Life[2]outlined our visions for constructing artificial intelligence virtual cells(AIVCs).Unlike other diseases,cancer is fundamentally a cellular disease.While other disciplines focus on pathophysiological changes at the system or organ level,cancer uniquely begins with abnormal proliferation triggered by genomic instability at the cellular level,subsequently inducing local microenvironment remodeling.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52206271)Guangxi Science and Technology Major Program(GK-AA23062070)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52306266)the Key Project of Natural Science Funds of Tianjin City(No.24JCZDJC01060)funded by the Key Laboratory of Shallow Geothermal Energy,Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China(No.KLSGE202401-04).
文摘Liquid cooling through a cold plate offers an efficient solution for battery thermal management.Excellent flow and heat transfer performance can be obtained by optimizing the flow channel structure of the cold plate using the topology optimization method.However,due to the uneven channel width of the optimized cold plate,there are some difficulties in processing,which affect its practical application in battery thermal management.In this study,the length scale control method is applied to a topology-optimized cold plate.An optimized cold plate considering length scale control is designed and processed,and its experimental results of flow and heat transfer are compared with those of a traditional cold plate and an optimized cold plate without length scale control.Results show that the relative deviations between the numerical and experimental results with length scale control are within 5%and 8%for temperature and pressure drop,respectively.The flow channel structure of the cold plate with length scale control is simpler and easier to process than that of the cold plate without length scale control.When the inlet velocity is 0.23 m/s,the maximum temperature,maximum temperature difference,and pressure drop of the cold plate with length scale control are 5.7 K,4.4 K,and 0.56 Pa lower than those of the traditional cold plate,respectively.This study provides valuable insights and practical guidance for the manufacturing and implementation of topology-optimized cold plates in battery thermal management systems.
