In China,Xinjiang is a relatively independent epidemic region of wheat stripe rust,caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici,due to great population genetic divergence of Xinjiang with other inland epidemic regions....In China,Xinjiang is a relatively independent epidemic region of wheat stripe rust,caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici,due to great population genetic divergence of Xinjiang with other inland epidemic regions.In this region,race evolution was usually slower than inland populations.However,many new races have recently been found,and therefore,it is necessary for more understanding of the virulence evolution of the Xinjiang population.So,in this study,a 65 sexual progenies,derived from a Xinjiang single-urediospore isolate BGTB-1 of P.striiformis f.sp.tritici by selfing on alternate host barberry(Berberis aggregata).It was phenotyped on the 25 single Yr lines,and genotyped by 19 kompetitive allele-specific PCRsingle nucleotide polymorphism(KASP-SNP) markers.As a result,the 65 progenies were identified as 56 various virulence patterns(VPs),and neither of which was identical to the parental isolate,showed 100% virulence variation.Compared with the parental isolate,of all progenies,39(60.0%) had increased virulence,and 18(27.7%) had decreased virulence.All progenies exhibited avirulence to Yr10,Yr15,Yr32,and YrTr1 loci,and avirulence and virulence segregation at the remaining 21 Yr resistance loci.The results showed avirulence to Yr5,Yr7,and Yr76(A:V≈3:1) loci is controlled by a single dominant gene,and that to Yr6,Yr25,and Yr44(A:V≈1:3) loci by a single recessive gene.However,avirulence to the remaining 15 resistant loci including Yr1,Yr2,Yr3,Yr4,Yr8,Yr9,Yr17,Yr26(=Yr24),Yr28,Yr29,Yr43,YrSP,Yr27,YrA,and YrExp2,with various avirulence and virulence segregation ratios,is controlled by two genes with different gene effects,indicating complex genetic traits of the parental isolate.Totally,65 dissimilar genotypes detected among progenies using overall molecular markers,by which a linkage map was constructed,with a genetic distance of 441.0 cM.Interestingly,although the parental isolate was avirulent to Yr5,but 17 progenies showed virulence,showing the change of pathogenicity from avirulence to virulence at this resistance locus.It was for the first time to report that progenies with virulence to Yr5 produced sexually from avirulent parental isolate at this resistance locus.To our knowledge,this study offers an insight into inheritance,sexual reproduction and virulence variation of P.striiformis f.sp.tritici in Xinjiang,facilitating us to understand evolution of the rust pathogen in this region and accounting for Xinjiang population distinguished form other inland populations.Additionally,it is necessary to further confirm the roles of sexual reproduction in the emergence of new races and affecting population genetic diversity of P.striiformis f.sp.tritici under natural conditions in Xinjiang.展开更多
The interrupted fatigue test method was utilized to investigate the damage evolution mechanism of the notch high-cycle fatigue(NHCF)in Ti-55531 alloy with a multilevel lamellar microstructure.The results reveal that s...The interrupted fatigue test method was utilized to investigate the damage evolution mechanism of the notch high-cycle fatigue(NHCF)in Ti-55531 alloy with a multilevel lamellar microstructure.The results reveal that significant microvoids and microcracks predominantly initiate at α/β interfaces under various notch root radii(R).Notably,even under larger R(0.75 mm),mutual interactions of stacking faults(SFs)−deformation twins,twins−twins,and SFs−SFs are observed.Furthermore,with decreasing R(0.34 and 0.14 mm),the volume fraction of SFs escalates significantly and twins are almost absent.Moreover,activated prismatic slip system decreases with a decrease in Schmidt factor and with the further decrease in R.Finally,strain localization near α/β interfaces contributes to the initiation of fatigue microcracks.展开更多
Predicting monsoon climate is one of the major endeavors in climate science and is becoming increasingly challenging due to global warming. The accuracy of monsoon seasonal predictions significantly impacts the lives ...Predicting monsoon climate is one of the major endeavors in climate science and is becoming increasingly challenging due to global warming. The accuracy of monsoon seasonal predictions significantly impacts the lives of billions who depend on or are affected by monsoons, as it is essential for the water cycle, food security, ecology, disaster prevention, and the economy of monsoon regions. Given the extensive literature on Asian monsoon climate prediction, we limit our focus to reviewing the seasonal prediction and predictability of the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM). However, much of this review is also relevant to monsoon predictions in other seasons and regions. Over the past two decades, considerable progress has been made in the seasonal forecasting of the ASM, driven by an enhanced understanding of the sources of predictability and the dynamics of seasonal variability, along with advanced development in sophisticated models and technologies. This review centers on advances in understanding the physical foundation for monsoon climate prediction (section 2), significant findings and insights into the primary and regional sources of predictability arising from feedback processes among various climate components (sections 3 and 4), the effects of global warming and external forcings on predictability (section 5), developments in seasonal prediction models and techniques (section 6), the challenges and limitations of monsoon climate prediction (section 7), and emerging research trends with suggestions for future directions (section 8). We hope this review will stimulate creative activities to enhance monsoon climate prediction.展开更多
Microrobotic systems are emerging as transformative technology for minimally invasive medicine,driven by innovations in actuation mechanisms,advanced fabrication paradigms,and multifunctional system integration.This c...Microrobotic systems are emerging as transformative technology for minimally invasive medicine,driven by innovations in actuation mechanisms,advanced fabrication paradigms,and multifunctional system integration.This comprehensive review analyzes the evolution of microrobotic technologies through three critical dimensions:(1)actuation modalities,including magnetic,optical,acoustic,chemical,and biological actuation,with a focus on the synergistic advantages of hybrid actuation strategies in complex internal physiological environments;(2)Fabrication methods cover technolo-gies such as photolithography,microinjection molding,self-assembly,and 3D printing,emphasizing innovative strategies involving multi-technology integration and collaborative manufacturing of bio/non-bio hybrid materials;(3)Internal phys-iological applications involve disease diagnosis,targeted drug delivery,minimally invasive surgery,tissue engineering,and cell manipulation,highlighting the broad prospects of microrobots in precision medicine.Despite remarkable progress,critical challenges remain,including low actuation efficiency,as seen in acoustic systems,limited biocompatibility,exem-plified by the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide in chemical actuation,delayed clinical translation,and other related challenges that must be addressed to advance the field.展开更多
Background:According to the 2022 update of the BCLC strategy,laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)is considered feasible for BCLC stage 0-A hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients with clinically significant portal hyperten...Background:According to the 2022 update of the BCLC strategy,laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)is considered feasible for BCLC stage 0-A hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients with clinically significant portal hypertension(CSPH).However,there is still no research to explore the outcomes of laparoscopic versus open liver resection(OLR)in the specific patients with BCLC stage 0-A HCC and CSPH.Methods:Patients diagnosed with BCLC stage 0-A HCC and CSPH who underwent liver resection at West China Hospital of Sichuan University from February 2018 to December 2022 were analyzed.Demographic characteristics,pathological findings and postoperative outcomes were compared using propensity score matching(PSM).Long-term outcomes after surgery were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis both before and after PSM.Results:A total of 409 patients,including 261 LLRs and 148 OLRs,were enrolled in this study.There were imbalances between the groups in baseline information.After 1:1 PSM,118 patients were included in each group with comparable baseline characteristics.Patients in the LLR group had significantly less intraoperative blood loss compared to those in the OLR group(median 223 vs.318 mL,P<0.001),and fewer postoperative complications(33.9%vs.57.6%,P<0.001),including lower rates of postoperative liver decompensation(16.9%vs.28.0%,P=0.043),postoperative ascites(18.6%vs.31.4%,P=0.024)and pulmonary infections(12.7%vs.29.7%,P=0.001).The long-term follow-up showed that overall survival(P=0.154)and recurrence-free survival(P=0.376)were comparable between the two groups.In subgroup analysis,patients with PLT≤75×10^(9)/L suffered more postoperative liver decompensation(PLD)and ascites than patiens with PLT>75×10^(9)/L.Conclusions:Compared with OLR,LLR had less intraoperative blood loss,fewer postoperative complications and comparable oncological outcomes for patients with BCLC stage 0/A HCC and CSPH.展开更多
City spirit is the soul of the city.The spread of city spirit not only could establish a civilized specimen for citizens,but also create a good cultural atmosphere for the city.Hefei residents’perception of city spir...City spirit is the soul of the city.The spread of city spirit not only could establish a civilized specimen for citizens,but also create a good cultural atmosphere for the city.Hefei residents’perception of city spirit is extensive,and most of Hefei citizens consider the expression words of city spirit are very appropriate,which is enlightened,open-minded,actual and innovate.Great majority of Hefei citizens willing to support the propaganda and promotion of the city spirit,and they think the promotion of the city spirit plays a key role in the way of city’s development.In addition,significant differences in the perception of urban spirituality emerge among residents with different economic and social characteristics.There are four aspects about how to enhance the public perception of city spirit,which including increasing dissemination channels and means,strengthening guidance according to the difference of residents,encouraging participation of community residents,and building good atmosphere depending on the city’s advantages.展开更多
High-resolution seeing through complex scattering media such as turbid water,biological tissues,and mist is a significant challenge because the strong scattering scrambles the light paths and forms the scattering wall...High-resolution seeing through complex scattering media such as turbid water,biological tissues,and mist is a significant challenge because the strong scattering scrambles the light paths and forms the scattering wall.We propose an active polarized iterative optimization approach for high-resolution imaging through complex scattering media.By acquiring a series of sub-polarized images,we can capture the diverse pattern-illuminated images with various high-frequency component information caused by the Brownian motion of complex scattering materials,which are processed using the common-mode rejection of polarization characteristics to extract target information from scattering medium information.Following that,our computational reconstruction technique employs an iterative optimization algorithm that commences with patternilluminated Fourier ptychography for reconstructing the high-resolution scene.It is extremely important that our approach for high-resolution imaging through complex scattering media is not limited by priori information and optical memory effect.The proposed approach is suitable for not only dynamic but also static scattering media,which may find applications in the biomedicine field,such as skin abnormalities,non-invasive blood flow,and superficial tumors.展开更多
Retrogressive landslides in sensitive clays pose significant risks to nearby infrastructure,as natural toe erosion or localized disturbances can trigger progressive block failures.While prior studies have largely reli...Retrogressive landslides in sensitive clays pose significant risks to nearby infrastructure,as natural toe erosion or localized disturbances can trigger progressive block failures.While prior studies have largely relied on two-dimensional(2D)large-deformation analyses,such models overlook key three-dimensional(3D)failure mechanisms and variability effects.This study develops a 3D probabilistic framework by integrating the Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian(CEL)method with random field theory to simulate retrogressive landslides in spatially variable clay.Using Monte Carlo simulations,we compare 2D and 3D random large-deformation models to evaluate failure modes,runout distances,sliding velocities,and influence zones.The 3D analyses captured more complex failure modes—such as lateral retrogression and asynchronous block mobilization across slope width.Additionally,the 3D analyses predict longer mean runout distances(13.76 vs.11.92 m),wider mean influence distance(11.35 vs.8.73 m),and higher mean sliding velocities(4.66 vs.3.94 m/s)than their 2D counterparts.Moreover,3D models exhibit lower coefficients of variation(e.g.,0.10 for runout distance)due to spatial averaging across slope width.Probabilistic hazard assessment shows that 2D models significantly underpredict near-field failure probabilities(e.g.,48.8%vs.89.9%at 12 m from the slope toe).These findings highlight the limitations of 2D analyses and the importance of multi-directional spatial variability for robust geohazard assessments.The proposed 3D framework enables more realistic prediction of landslide mobility and supports the design of safer,risk-informed infrastructure.展开更多
Metal-based catalysts are prevalent in the CO_(2) hydrogenation to methanol owing to their remarkable catalytic activity.Herein,Ru/In_(2)O_(3) catalysts with different morphologies obtained by doping Ru into In_(2)O_(...Metal-based catalysts are prevalent in the CO_(2) hydrogenation to methanol owing to their remarkable catalytic activity.Herein,Ru/In_(2)O_(3) catalysts with different morphologies obtained by doping Ru into In_(2)O_(3) with irregular,rod-like,and flower-like morphologies are used for catalytic CO_(2) hydrogenation to methanol.Results indicate that the flower-like Ru/In_(2)O_(3)(Ru/In_(2)O_(3)-F)exhibits higher catalytic performance than Ru/In_(2)O_(3) with other morphologies,achieving a 12.9%CO_(2) conversion,74.02%methanol selectivity,and 671.36 mg_(MeOH) h^(−1) g_(cat)^(−1) methanol spatiotemporal yield.Furthermore,Ru/In_(2)O_(3)-F maintains its catalytic stability over 200 h at 5 MPa and 290℃.The promotional effect mainly stems from the fact that electronic structure of Ru can be effectively adjusted by modulating the morphology of In_(2)O_(3).The strong interaction between atomically dispersed Ru and In_(2)O_(3)-F enhances the structural stability of Ru,inhibiting the agglomeration of the catalyst during the reaction process.Furthermore,density-functional theory calculations reveal that highly dispersed Ru atoms not only perform efficient and rapid electronic gain and loss processes,facilitating the catalytic activation of H_(2) into H intermediates.It also enables the generated reactive H to rapidly overflow to the surrounding In sites to participate in CO_(2) reduction.These findings provide a theoretical basis for the development of high-performance catalysts for CO_(2) hydrogenation.展开更多
The undeformed chip thickness and grinding force are key parameters for revealing the material removal mechanism in the grinding process.However,they are difficult to be well expressed due to the ununiformed protrusio...The undeformed chip thickness and grinding force are key parameters for revealing the material removal mechanism in the grinding process.However,they are difficult to be well expressed due to the ununiformed protrusion height and random position distribution of abrasive grains on the abrasive wheel surface.This study investigated the distribution of undeformed chip thickness and grinding force considering the non-uniform characteristics of abrasive wheel in the grinding of K4002 nickel-based superalloy.First,a novel grinding force model was established through a kinematic-geometric analysis and a grain-workpiece contact analysis.Then,a series of grinding experiments were conducted for verifying the model.The results indicate that the distribution of undeformed chip thickness is highly consistent with the Gaussian distribution formula.The increase in the grinding depth mainly leads to an increase in the average value of Gaussian distribution.On the contrary,the increase in the workpiece infeed speed or the decrease in the grinding speed mainly increases the standard deviation of Gaussian distribution.The average and maximum errors of the grinding force model are 4.9%and 14.6%respectively,indicating that the model is of high predication accuracy.展开更多
The limited creep resistance of wrought Mg-Al alloys restricts their lightweight applications at intermediate temperatures due to the softening effect of discontinuous precipitation(DP)on the dislocation-controlled cr...The limited creep resistance of wrought Mg-Al alloys restricts their lightweight applications at intermediate temperatures due to the softening effect of discontinuous precipitation(DP)on the dislocation-controlled creep.Here,we developed a creep-resistant wrought Mg-Al alloy through microalloying of Y and Ca.The resulting alloy exhibited an order of magnitude enhancement in the creep resistance at 125℃/50±100 MPa.In contrast to the grain boundary instabilities by DP in the previously reported wrought Mg-Al alloys,we show that the addition of 0.21Y+0.15Ca wt%produces a(Zn+Ca)co-segregation at the grain boundaries as a result of their segregation energy and the activation energy of grain boundary migration,thereby stabilizing the grain boundaries.The(Zn+Ca)co-segregation inhibits the dynamic DP and promotes the formation of intragranular Al-enriched clusters,which favorthe formation of Al_(2)Y,Mg_(17)Al_(12)nano precipitates,thereby impeding intragranular dislocation motion during creep.Furthermore,the addition of 0.21Y+0.15Ca wt%facilitates the formation of a fine and uniform recrystallization structure in the microalloyed alloys compared to AZ80 due to the high activation energy of mobility for the(Zn+Ca)segregated grain boundary.Therefore,the microalloyed alloys exhibit good tensile properties with 380 MPa tensile strength and 18%elongation.Our constitutive analysis revealed that the(Y+Ca)microalloying decreased the creep stress exponent by 29%and increased the creep resistance in the medium to high-stress range.Microalloying provides a promising way to develop low-cost creep-resistant wrought Mg-Al alloys.展开更多
Ru-based nanomaterials have been demonstrated to be highly active electrocatalysts for hydrogen evo-lution reaction(HER),yet weak water adsorption and splitting ability in neutral media thus it is rather difficult for...Ru-based nanomaterials have been demonstrated to be highly active electrocatalysts for hydrogen evo-lution reaction(HER),yet weak water adsorption and splitting ability in neutral media thus it is rather difficult for the intermediates to adsorb on the active site.Herein,we introduce a concept of the prox-imity effect,com prising adjacent Ru and RuO_(2) nanoparticles coupled on TiO_(2)(Ru/RuO_(2)-TiO_(2)),for the synergic promotion of water molecule adsorption and splitting,significantly enhancing HER electrocatal-ysis performance.The in-situ spectroscopy experiments and density function theory(DFT)simulations demonstrated that the proximity effect between the adjacent Ru nanoparticles and RuO_(2) nanoparticles can accelerate water adsorption and splitting.As a result,the as-made Ru/RuO_(2)-TiO_(2) only need overpo-tentials of 52.7,16.0,and 16.4 mV to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm-2 in neutral,acid,and alkaline media,respectively.The mass activity of Ru/RuO_(2)-TiO_(2) in neutral media is 320 and 117 times higher than that of commercial Ru/C and Pt/C at the overpotential of 100 mV,respectively.This work emphasizes the proximity effect for activation of reactants which can be extended to other electrocat-alytic reactions.展开更多
Pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)describes the germination of physiologically mature grains in spikes prior to harvest in cereal crops.PHS could seriously decrease grain yield and quality,which makes it a major constraint to...Pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)describes the germination of physiologically mature grains in spikes prior to harvest in cereal crops.PHS could seriously decrease grain yield and quality,which makes it a major constraint to cereal production worldwide.A number of PHS-associated genes in cereals have been reported;however,the molecular mechanisms underlying PHS remain largely elusive.Here,we report a CRISPRCas9 mutant with severe PHS in a paddy field.The mutated gene OsMFT2 encodes a phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein(PEBP).Intriguingly,the OsMFT1,in the same PEBP family,had the opposite effect in controlling rice PHS as does OsMFT2.Germination tests of seeds of chimeric protein-expressing plants revealed that the fourth exon conferred the antagonistic activity of OsMFT1 and OsMFT2 in rice PHS.Additionally,two lines of these plants showed elevated grain numbers per panicle,implying that chimeric protein has potential to significantly increase yield.Moreover,transcriptome analysis and genetic studies indicated that OsMFT1 and OsMFT2 performed opposing functions in rice PHS owing to three co-regulated genes that being contrastingly affected by OsMFT1 and OsMFT2.Overall,it seemed that the proper combination of PEBP family members could obtain optimal PHS resistance and high yield.展开更多
ZnO thin films with varying Ta concentrations were fabricated through magnetron sputtering.The crystallinity and surface morphology of the ZnO films are significantly influenced by the incorporation of Ta,as evidenced...ZnO thin films with varying Ta concentrations were fabricated through magnetron sputtering.The crystallinity and surface morphology of the ZnO films are significantly influenced by the incorporation of Ta,as evidenced by the X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy results.The lattice constants,as determined by X-ray diffraction,contradict the disparity in Ta and Zn ion radii,which is attributed to the impact of interstitial defects.This inconsistency introduces variations in carrier concentration in this experiment compared with prior studies.Subsequent exploration of the luminescent characteristics and emission mechanism of defect levels in Ta-doped ZnO films was conducted through photoluminescence.Furthermore,the factors influencing the bandgap are discussed.展开更多
基金financially supported by Xinjiang Major Science and Technology Projects,China (2023A02009)。
文摘In China,Xinjiang is a relatively independent epidemic region of wheat stripe rust,caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici,due to great population genetic divergence of Xinjiang with other inland epidemic regions.In this region,race evolution was usually slower than inland populations.However,many new races have recently been found,and therefore,it is necessary for more understanding of the virulence evolution of the Xinjiang population.So,in this study,a 65 sexual progenies,derived from a Xinjiang single-urediospore isolate BGTB-1 of P.striiformis f.sp.tritici by selfing on alternate host barberry(Berberis aggregata).It was phenotyped on the 25 single Yr lines,and genotyped by 19 kompetitive allele-specific PCRsingle nucleotide polymorphism(KASP-SNP) markers.As a result,the 65 progenies were identified as 56 various virulence patterns(VPs),and neither of which was identical to the parental isolate,showed 100% virulence variation.Compared with the parental isolate,of all progenies,39(60.0%) had increased virulence,and 18(27.7%) had decreased virulence.All progenies exhibited avirulence to Yr10,Yr15,Yr32,and YrTr1 loci,and avirulence and virulence segregation at the remaining 21 Yr resistance loci.The results showed avirulence to Yr5,Yr7,and Yr76(A:V≈3:1) loci is controlled by a single dominant gene,and that to Yr6,Yr25,and Yr44(A:V≈1:3) loci by a single recessive gene.However,avirulence to the remaining 15 resistant loci including Yr1,Yr2,Yr3,Yr4,Yr8,Yr9,Yr17,Yr26(=Yr24),Yr28,Yr29,Yr43,YrSP,Yr27,YrA,and YrExp2,with various avirulence and virulence segregation ratios,is controlled by two genes with different gene effects,indicating complex genetic traits of the parental isolate.Totally,65 dissimilar genotypes detected among progenies using overall molecular markers,by which a linkage map was constructed,with a genetic distance of 441.0 cM.Interestingly,although the parental isolate was avirulent to Yr5,but 17 progenies showed virulence,showing the change of pathogenicity from avirulence to virulence at this resistance locus.It was for the first time to report that progenies with virulence to Yr5 produced sexually from avirulent parental isolate at this resistance locus.To our knowledge,this study offers an insight into inheritance,sexual reproduction and virulence variation of P.striiformis f.sp.tritici in Xinjiang,facilitating us to understand evolution of the rust pathogen in this region and accounting for Xinjiang population distinguished form other inland populations.Additionally,it is necessary to further confirm the roles of sexual reproduction in the emergence of new races and affecting population genetic diversity of P.striiformis f.sp.tritici under natural conditions in Xinjiang.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52061005,52261025)the Science and Technology Programs of Guizhou Province,China(Nos.YQK[2023]009,CXTD[2023]009)the Technology Innovation Leading Program of Shaanxi Province,China(No.2024ZCYYDP92)。
文摘The interrupted fatigue test method was utilized to investigate the damage evolution mechanism of the notch high-cycle fatigue(NHCF)in Ti-55531 alloy with a multilevel lamellar microstructure.The results reveal that significant microvoids and microcracks predominantly initiate at α/β interfaces under various notch root radii(R).Notably,even under larger R(0.75 mm),mutual interactions of stacking faults(SFs)−deformation twins,twins−twins,and SFs−SFs are observed.Furthermore,with decreasing R(0.34 and 0.14 mm),the volume fraction of SFs escalates significantly and twins are almost absent.Moreover,activated prismatic slip system decreases with a decrease in Schmidt factor and with the further decrease in R.Finally,strain localization near α/β interfaces contributes to the initiation of fatigue microcracks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U2342208)support from NSF/Climate Dynamics Award#2025057。
文摘Predicting monsoon climate is one of the major endeavors in climate science and is becoming increasingly challenging due to global warming. The accuracy of monsoon seasonal predictions significantly impacts the lives of billions who depend on or are affected by monsoons, as it is essential for the water cycle, food security, ecology, disaster prevention, and the economy of monsoon regions. Given the extensive literature on Asian monsoon climate prediction, we limit our focus to reviewing the seasonal prediction and predictability of the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM). However, much of this review is also relevant to monsoon predictions in other seasons and regions. Over the past two decades, considerable progress has been made in the seasonal forecasting of the ASM, driven by an enhanced understanding of the sources of predictability and the dynamics of seasonal variability, along with advanced development in sophisticated models and technologies. This review centers on advances in understanding the physical foundation for monsoon climate prediction (section 2), significant findings and insights into the primary and regional sources of predictability arising from feedback processes among various climate components (sections 3 and 4), the effects of global warming and external forcings on predictability (section 5), developments in seasonal prediction models and techniques (section 6), the challenges and limitations of monsoon climate prediction (section 7), and emerging research trends with suggestions for future directions (section 8). We hope this review will stimulate creative activities to enhance monsoon climate prediction.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61903157)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Robotics(Grand No.2024-O08).
文摘Microrobotic systems are emerging as transformative technology for minimally invasive medicine,driven by innovations in actuation mechanisms,advanced fabrication paradigms,and multifunctional system integration.This comprehensive review analyzes the evolution of microrobotic technologies through three critical dimensions:(1)actuation modalities,including magnetic,optical,acoustic,chemical,and biological actuation,with a focus on the synergistic advantages of hybrid actuation strategies in complex internal physiological environments;(2)Fabrication methods cover technolo-gies such as photolithography,microinjection molding,self-assembly,and 3D printing,emphasizing innovative strategies involving multi-technology integration and collaborative manufacturing of bio/non-bio hybrid materials;(3)Internal phys-iological applications involve disease diagnosis,targeted drug delivery,minimally invasive surgery,tissue engineering,and cell manipulation,highlighting the broad prospects of microrobots in precision medicine.Despite remarkable progress,critical challenges remain,including low actuation efficiency,as seen in acoustic systems,limited biocompatibility,exem-plified by the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide in chemical actuation,delayed clinical translation,and other related challenges that must be addressed to advance the field.
基金supported by grants from the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2023YFQ0094)the 1.3.5 project for disciplines of excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(25HXJS028).
文摘Background:According to the 2022 update of the BCLC strategy,laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)is considered feasible for BCLC stage 0-A hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients with clinically significant portal hypertension(CSPH).However,there is still no research to explore the outcomes of laparoscopic versus open liver resection(OLR)in the specific patients with BCLC stage 0-A HCC and CSPH.Methods:Patients diagnosed with BCLC stage 0-A HCC and CSPH who underwent liver resection at West China Hospital of Sichuan University from February 2018 to December 2022 were analyzed.Demographic characteristics,pathological findings and postoperative outcomes were compared using propensity score matching(PSM).Long-term outcomes after surgery were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis both before and after PSM.Results:A total of 409 patients,including 261 LLRs and 148 OLRs,were enrolled in this study.There were imbalances between the groups in baseline information.After 1:1 PSM,118 patients were included in each group with comparable baseline characteristics.Patients in the LLR group had significantly less intraoperative blood loss compared to those in the OLR group(median 223 vs.318 mL,P<0.001),and fewer postoperative complications(33.9%vs.57.6%,P<0.001),including lower rates of postoperative liver decompensation(16.9%vs.28.0%,P=0.043),postoperative ascites(18.6%vs.31.4%,P=0.024)and pulmonary infections(12.7%vs.29.7%,P=0.001).The long-term follow-up showed that overall survival(P=0.154)and recurrence-free survival(P=0.376)were comparable between the two groups.In subgroup analysis,patients with PLT≤75×10^(9)/L suffered more postoperative liver decompensation(PLD)and ascites than patiens with PLT>75×10^(9)/L.Conclusions:Compared with OLR,LLR had less intraoperative blood loss,fewer postoperative complications and comparable oncological outcomes for patients with BCLC stage 0/A HCC and CSPH.
文摘City spirit is the soul of the city.The spread of city spirit not only could establish a civilized specimen for citizens,but also create a good cultural atmosphere for the city.Hefei residents’perception of city spirit is extensive,and most of Hefei citizens consider the expression words of city spirit are very appropriate,which is enlightened,open-minded,actual and innovate.Great majority of Hefei citizens willing to support the propaganda and promotion of the city spirit,and they think the promotion of the city spirit plays a key role in the way of city’s development.In addition,significant differences in the perception of urban spirituality emerge among residents with different economic and social characteristics.There are four aspects about how to enhance the public perception of city spirit,which including increasing dissemination channels and means,strengthening guidance according to the difference of residents,encouraging participation of community residents,and building good atmosphere depending on the city’s advantages.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62205259,62075175,62105254,and 62375212)the National Key Laboratory of Infrared Detection Technologies(Grant No.IRDT-23-06)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.XJSJ24028,XJS222202,ZYTS24097,and ZYTS24095)the Open Research Fund of Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Remote Sensing Technology.
文摘High-resolution seeing through complex scattering media such as turbid water,biological tissues,and mist is a significant challenge because the strong scattering scrambles the light paths and forms the scattering wall.We propose an active polarized iterative optimization approach for high-resolution imaging through complex scattering media.By acquiring a series of sub-polarized images,we can capture the diverse pattern-illuminated images with various high-frequency component information caused by the Brownian motion of complex scattering materials,which are processed using the common-mode rejection of polarization characteristics to extract target information from scattering medium information.Following that,our computational reconstruction technique employs an iterative optimization algorithm that commences with patternilluminated Fourier ptychography for reconstructing the high-resolution scene.It is extremely important that our approach for high-resolution imaging through complex scattering media is not limited by priori information and optical memory effect.The proposed approach is suitable for not only dynamic but also static scattering media,which may find applications in the biomedicine field,such as skin abnormalities,non-invasive blood flow,and superficial tumors.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFC2815400)the European Commission(Nos.HORIZON MSCA-2024-PF-01 and 101200637)+2 种基金the Opening Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management at Wuhan University(No.2024SGG07)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2025MS647)the Sand Hazards and Opportunities for Resilience,Energy,and Sustainability(SHORES)Center,funded by Tamkeen under the NYUAD Research Institute Award CG013.
文摘Retrogressive landslides in sensitive clays pose significant risks to nearby infrastructure,as natural toe erosion or localized disturbances can trigger progressive block failures.While prior studies have largely relied on two-dimensional(2D)large-deformation analyses,such models overlook key three-dimensional(3D)failure mechanisms and variability effects.This study develops a 3D probabilistic framework by integrating the Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian(CEL)method with random field theory to simulate retrogressive landslides in spatially variable clay.Using Monte Carlo simulations,we compare 2D and 3D random large-deformation models to evaluate failure modes,runout distances,sliding velocities,and influence zones.The 3D analyses captured more complex failure modes—such as lateral retrogression and asynchronous block mobilization across slope width.Additionally,the 3D analyses predict longer mean runout distances(13.76 vs.11.92 m),wider mean influence distance(11.35 vs.8.73 m),and higher mean sliding velocities(4.66 vs.3.94 m/s)than their 2D counterparts.Moreover,3D models exhibit lower coefficients of variation(e.g.,0.10 for runout distance)due to spatial averaging across slope width.Probabilistic hazard assessment shows that 2D models significantly underpredict near-field failure probabilities(e.g.,48.8%vs.89.9%at 12 m from the slope toe).These findings highlight the limitations of 2D analyses and the importance of multi-directional spatial variability for robust geohazard assessments.The proposed 3D framework enables more realistic prediction of landslide mobility and supports the design of safer,risk-informed infrastructure.
基金financially supported by the Key Laboratory of Carbon-based Energy Molecular Chemical Utilization Technology in Guizhou Province(No.2023008)Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects(No.ZKZD2023004)+1 种基金One Hundred Person Project of Guizhou Province(No.GCC 2023013)Scientific and Technological Innovation Talents Team Project of Guizhou Province(No.CXTD2023029).
文摘Metal-based catalysts are prevalent in the CO_(2) hydrogenation to methanol owing to their remarkable catalytic activity.Herein,Ru/In_(2)O_(3) catalysts with different morphologies obtained by doping Ru into In_(2)O_(3) with irregular,rod-like,and flower-like morphologies are used for catalytic CO_(2) hydrogenation to methanol.Results indicate that the flower-like Ru/In_(2)O_(3)(Ru/In_(2)O_(3)-F)exhibits higher catalytic performance than Ru/In_(2)O_(3) with other morphologies,achieving a 12.9%CO_(2) conversion,74.02%methanol selectivity,and 671.36 mg_(MeOH) h^(−1) g_(cat)^(−1) methanol spatiotemporal yield.Furthermore,Ru/In_(2)O_(3)-F maintains its catalytic stability over 200 h at 5 MPa and 290℃.The promotional effect mainly stems from the fact that electronic structure of Ru can be effectively adjusted by modulating the morphology of In_(2)O_(3).The strong interaction between atomically dispersed Ru and In_(2)O_(3)-F enhances the structural stability of Ru,inhibiting the agglomeration of the catalyst during the reaction process.Furthermore,density-functional theory calculations reveal that highly dispersed Ru atoms not only perform efficient and rapid electronic gain and loss processes,facilitating the catalytic activation of H_(2) into H intermediates.It also enables the generated reactive H to rapidly overflow to the surrounding In sites to participate in CO_(2) reduction.These findings provide a theoretical basis for the development of high-performance catalysts for CO_(2) hydrogenation.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92160301,92060203,52175415 and 52205475)the Science Center for Gas Turbine Project(Nos.P2022-AB-Ⅳ-002-001 and P2023-B-Ⅳ-003-001)+3 种基金the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Precision and Micro-Manufacturing Technology(No.JSKL2223K01)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20210295)the Superior Postdoctoral Project of Jiangsu Province(No.2022ZB215)the Henan Science and Technology Public Relations Project(No.212102210445).
文摘The undeformed chip thickness and grinding force are key parameters for revealing the material removal mechanism in the grinding process.However,they are difficult to be well expressed due to the ununiformed protrusion height and random position distribution of abrasive grains on the abrasive wheel surface.This study investigated the distribution of undeformed chip thickness and grinding force considering the non-uniform characteristics of abrasive wheel in the grinding of K4002 nickel-based superalloy.First,a novel grinding force model was established through a kinematic-geometric analysis and a grain-workpiece contact analysis.Then,a series of grinding experiments were conducted for verifying the model.The results indicate that the distribution of undeformed chip thickness is highly consistent with the Gaussian distribution formula.The increase in the grinding depth mainly leads to an increase in the average value of Gaussian distribution.On the contrary,the increase in the workpiece infeed speed or the decrease in the grinding speed mainly increases the standard deviation of Gaussian distribution.The average and maximum errors of the grinding force model are 4.9%and 14.6%respectively,indicating that the model is of high predication accuracy.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No:52061040,No:52371121,No:52031011)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No:2021M692512)the 2020 open projects(No:KLATM202003)of Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials,Ministry of Education China,Southwest Jiaotong University。
文摘The limited creep resistance of wrought Mg-Al alloys restricts their lightweight applications at intermediate temperatures due to the softening effect of discontinuous precipitation(DP)on the dislocation-controlled creep.Here,we developed a creep-resistant wrought Mg-Al alloy through microalloying of Y and Ca.The resulting alloy exhibited an order of magnitude enhancement in the creep resistance at 125℃/50±100 MPa.In contrast to the grain boundary instabilities by DP in the previously reported wrought Mg-Al alloys,we show that the addition of 0.21Y+0.15Ca wt%produces a(Zn+Ca)co-segregation at the grain boundaries as a result of their segregation energy and the activation energy of grain boundary migration,thereby stabilizing the grain boundaries.The(Zn+Ca)co-segregation inhibits the dynamic DP and promotes the formation of intragranular Al-enriched clusters,which favorthe formation of Al_(2)Y,Mg_(17)Al_(12)nano precipitates,thereby impeding intragranular dislocation motion during creep.Furthermore,the addition of 0.21Y+0.15Ca wt%facilitates the formation of a fine and uniform recrystallization structure in the microalloyed alloys compared to AZ80 due to the high activation energy of mobility for the(Zn+Ca)segregated grain boundary.Therefore,the microalloyed alloys exhibit good tensile properties with 380 MPa tensile strength and 18%elongation.Our constitutive analysis revealed that the(Y+Ca)microalloying decreased the creep stress exponent by 29%and increased the creep resistance in the medium to high-stress range.Microalloying provides a promising way to develop low-cost creep-resistant wrought Mg-Al alloys.
基金supported by the Young Project of the Education Department in Guizhou Province(No.2022099)the Natural Science Special of Guizhou University(No.X202220 Special Post A).
文摘Ru-based nanomaterials have been demonstrated to be highly active electrocatalysts for hydrogen evo-lution reaction(HER),yet weak water adsorption and splitting ability in neutral media thus it is rather difficult for the intermediates to adsorb on the active site.Herein,we introduce a concept of the prox-imity effect,com prising adjacent Ru and RuO_(2) nanoparticles coupled on TiO_(2)(Ru/RuO_(2)-TiO_(2)),for the synergic promotion of water molecule adsorption and splitting,significantly enhancing HER electrocatal-ysis performance.The in-situ spectroscopy experiments and density function theory(DFT)simulations demonstrated that the proximity effect between the adjacent Ru nanoparticles and RuO_(2) nanoparticles can accelerate water adsorption and splitting.As a result,the as-made Ru/RuO_(2)-TiO_(2) only need overpo-tentials of 52.7,16.0,and 16.4 mV to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm-2 in neutral,acid,and alkaline media,respectively.The mass activity of Ru/RuO_(2)-TiO_(2) in neutral media is 320 and 117 times higher than that of commercial Ru/C and Pt/C at the overpotential of 100 mV,respectively.This work emphasizes the proximity effect for activation of reactants which can be extended to other electrocat-alytic reactions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172059)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(SWUXDJH202315).
文摘Pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)describes the germination of physiologically mature grains in spikes prior to harvest in cereal crops.PHS could seriously decrease grain yield and quality,which makes it a major constraint to cereal production worldwide.A number of PHS-associated genes in cereals have been reported;however,the molecular mechanisms underlying PHS remain largely elusive.Here,we report a CRISPRCas9 mutant with severe PHS in a paddy field.The mutated gene OsMFT2 encodes a phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein(PEBP).Intriguingly,the OsMFT1,in the same PEBP family,had the opposite effect in controlling rice PHS as does OsMFT2.Germination tests of seeds of chimeric protein-expressing plants revealed that the fourth exon conferred the antagonistic activity of OsMFT1 and OsMFT2 in rice PHS.Additionally,two lines of these plants showed elevated grain numbers per panicle,implying that chimeric protein has potential to significantly increase yield.Moreover,transcriptome analysis and genetic studies indicated that OsMFT1 and OsMFT2 performed opposing functions in rice PHS owing to three co-regulated genes that being contrastingly affected by OsMFT1 and OsMFT2.Overall,it seemed that the proper combination of PEBP family members could obtain optimal PHS resistance and high yield.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61774140).
文摘ZnO thin films with varying Ta concentrations were fabricated through magnetron sputtering.The crystallinity and surface morphology of the ZnO films are significantly influenced by the incorporation of Ta,as evidenced by the X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy results.The lattice constants,as determined by X-ray diffraction,contradict the disparity in Ta and Zn ion radii,which is attributed to the impact of interstitial defects.This inconsistency introduces variations in carrier concentration in this experiment compared with prior studies.Subsequent exploration of the luminescent characteristics and emission mechanism of defect levels in Ta-doped ZnO films was conducted through photoluminescence.Furthermore,the factors influencing the bandgap are discussed.
