Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have emerged as pivotal energy storage solutions for electric vehicles and portable electronics.However,their operation under extreme conditions(high-temperature and fast-charging conditio...Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have emerged as pivotal energy storage solutions for electric vehicles and portable electronics.However,their operation under extreme conditions(high-temperature and fast-charging conditions)faces significant challenges,including accelerated electrolyte decomposition,interfacial instability,and potential thermal runaway risks.To address these challenges,we present a solvation-interphase synergistic regulation strategy using 2-fluorobenzenesulfonamide(2-FBS)as a multifunctional electrolyte additive.The 2-FBS molecule effectively modulates the Li^(+)solvation structure by reducing the coordination of ethylene carbonate(EC)solvent.This transformation suppresses EC-induced parasitic reactions while scavenging superoxide radicals,thereby mitigating gas evolution at electrode interfaces.Upon preferential decomposition,2-FBS further promotes the formation of a robust LiF-Li_(3)N-Li_(2)S-rich interphase with exceptional mechanical strength(Young’s modulus:39.4 GPa).This inorganic-rich hybrid interphase simultaneously enables dendrite-free lithium plating and enhances cathode thermal stability.Consequently,2-FBS-modified electrolyte empowers LiCoO_(2)//Li cells to deliver 82.8%capacity retention after 800 cycles at 55°C and sustain 81.2%capacity retention after 1500 cycles at 4 C.Moreover,practical validation through nail penetration tests confirms the effectiveness of the electrolyte in preventing thermal propagation in fully charged pouch cells.This work establishes a paradigm for enabling reliable battery operation under extreme conditions through synergistic solvation and interphase engineering.展开更多
Coal-derived hard carbon(HC)represents a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries owing to its cost-effectiveness and high carbon yield.However,conventional carbonization induces excessive graphitization,yiel...Coal-derived hard carbon(HC)represents a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries owing to its cost-effectiveness and high carbon yield.However,conventional carbonization induces excessive graphitization,yielding insufficient interlayer spacing(d_(002)<0.37 nm)and underdeveloped closed pores.Herein,we propose a dynamic crystallization control strategy through carbothermal shock treatment(1300°C,30 s)that decouples thermodynamic and kinetic constraints.This method precisely modulates graphite domain ordering kinetics,producing short-range ordered structures with expanded interlayer spacing(d_(002)=0.385 nm)and homogeneously distributed closed nanopores.Through combined in situ characterization and first-principles calculations,we elucidate a three-stage crystallization mechanism:(i)amorphous carbon transformation,(ii)open-pore collapse,and(iii)pseudo-graphitic ordering.The optimized HC achieves record performance with 88.6%initial Coulombic efficiency and 204 mA h g^(−1)plateau capacity,while its optimal interlayer spacing lowers Na+diffusion barriers to enable exceptional rate capability(221 mA h g^(−1)at 0.5C after 300 cycles).Practical pouch cells maintain 85%capacity retention after 100 cycles at−20°C and deliver 284 Wh kg^(−1)energy density.This work establishes a kinetic regulation paradigm for graphitization-prone precursors,advancing the rational design of high-performance HC anodes.展开更多
Doxorubicin(DOX)is known to elicit potent antitumor immune responses through the induction of immunogenic cell death(ICD).However,its therapeutic efficacy is undermined by the adaptive upregulation of programmed cell ...Doxorubicin(DOX)is known to elicit potent antitumor immune responses through the induction of immunogenic cell death(ICD).However,its therapeutic efficacy is undermined by the adaptive upregulation of programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1),which hijacked the antitumor immunity.In this study,we developed a reactive oxygen species(ROS)-responsive dihydroartemisinin(DHA)prodrug to facilitate the delivery of DOX via hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions.Upon internalization by tumor cells,the nanoparticles(NPs)preferentially accumulated in endoplasmic reticulum(ER),exacerbating ER stress and amplifying ICD to enhance tumor immunogenicity.Simultaneously,the oxidative intracellular environment trigged the degradation of NPs,releasing DHA,which downregulated PD-L1 by disrupting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)phosphorylation and inactivating the nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)pathway.Consequently,the effective PD-L1 blockade and robust ICD response,synergistically inhibited breast cancer progression,significantly enhancing the chemo-immunotherapy efficacy of doxorubicin.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a chronic disease influenced by gut microbiome disturbances.Honokiol(HON),a low oral bioavailability compound from Magnolia officinalis bark,has demonstrated potential as a treatment for DM.Thi...Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a chronic disease influenced by gut microbiome disturbances.Honokiol(HON),a low oral bioavailability compound from Magnolia officinalis bark,has demonstrated potential as a treatment for DM.This research investigates the effects of HON on gut microbiota and host metabolism to elucidate its mechanism of action in DM.After 8 weeks of intervention through fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)or antibiotic treatment,HON improved glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism in a gut microbiota-dependent manner.Specifically,HON administration significantly increased Akkermansia muciniphila(AKK)abundance and modulated tryptophan(TRP)metabolism,as evidenced by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid(rRNA)gene sequencing and untargeted/targeted metabolomics analysis.Notably,research revealed that AKK metabolized TRP into tryptamine(TA)and other metabolites in vitro.Both AKK and TA activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AHR)pathway,increasing circulating glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)levels and ameliorating diabetes-related symptoms in DM mice.These findings indicate that HON’s hypoglycemic effect primarily stems from AHR-GLP-1 pathway activation through targeted modulation of AKK and microbial TRP metabolite TA,potentially enhancing HON’s clinical applications.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the clinical efficacy of core stability training combined with conventional rehabilitation in the functional recovery of patients suffering from chronic low back pain.[Methods]A randomized c...[Objectives]To investigate the clinical efficacy of core stability training combined with conventional rehabilitation in the functional recovery of patients suffering from chronic low back pain.[Methods]A randomized controlled trial design was employed in this study.Ninety patients with chronic low back pain were recruited and randomly assigned to either a control group(n=45),which received conventional rehabilitation,or an experimental group(n=45),which received conventional rehabilitation combined with core stability training.Both groups underwent treatment for 6 weeks.Assessments were conducted using the visual analogue scale(VAS),Oswestry disability index(ODI),and finger-to-floor test prior to treatment,6 weeks following treatment,and during the follow-up period,respectively.[Results]Prior to treatment,no statistically significant differences were observed between the two patient groups in terms of general information and various baseline measurements(P>0.05).Following 6 weeks of treatment and throughout the follow-up period,both groups demonstrated significant improvements in VAS scores,ODI scores,and lumbar anteflexion range of motion compared to baseline measurements(P<0.05).Notably,the magnitude of improvement in the experimental group exceeded that of the control group,with this inter-group difference reaching statistical significance(P<0.05).No serious adverse reactions were reported during the treatment process.[Conclusions]Core stability training combined with conventional rehabilitation can significantly enhance the alleviation of pain and functional impairments in patients suffering from chronic low back pain.This approach holds valuable implications for the optimization of rehabilitation treatment protocols.展开更多
Background:Although light-intensity physical activity(LPA)has been suggested to be associated with a lower risk of mortality,the minimal and optimal volumes of LPA remain unclear.We aimed to examine the minimal and op...Background:Although light-intensity physical activity(LPA)has been suggested to be associated with a lower risk of mortality,the minimal and optimal volumes of LPA remain unclear.We aimed to examine the minimal and optimal volumes of LPA associated with the risks of mortality and disease incidence(i.e.,cardiovascular diseases and cancer).Methods:Data were derived from the population-based UK Biobank cohort study,including 69,492 adults aged 43-78 years.Accelerometermeasured LPA was defined using a validated,published machine learning-based Random Forest activity method,which was categorized into 4 quartile groups.All-cause and cause-specific mortality(cardiovascular disease-and cancer-specific)were determined according to the International Classification of Diseases,10th version codes.Disease incidence was defined based on primary care,hospitalization,or death records.Results:During a median follow-up period of 8.04 years,2024 adults died from all causes,539 from cardiovascular disease,and 1175 from cancer.For all-cause mortality,compared with participants in the lowest quartile of LPA(<3.9 h/day),the hazard ratios(HRs)and 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)were 0.82(95%CI:0.73-0.93)for those with 3.9 to<5.0 h/day,0.75(95%CI:0.66-0.85)for those with 5.0 to<6.1 h/day,and 0.77(95%CI:0.68-0.88)for those with≥6.1 h/day,respectively.There was an inverse non-linear dose-response association between LPA and all-cause mortality,with an optimal dose of 5.72 h/day(95%CI:5.45-6.41;HR=0.63,95%CI:0.56-0.71)and a minimal dose of 3.59 h/day(95%CI:3.53-8.56;HR=0.81,95%CI:0.78-0.86),with the 5th percentile as the reference.Similar patterns were observed for cause-specific mortality and disease incidence(cardiovascular disease and cancer).Conclusion:Engaging in LPA for~3.5 h/day was conservatively associated with lower risk of mortality and disease incidence,with further risk reductions observed up to an optimal dose of~6.0 h/day.These findings suggest that sufficient LPA offers important health benefits,which can inform the development of future PA guidelines.展开更多
The properties of electrolytes are critical for fast-charging and stable-cycling applications in lithium metal batteries(LMBs).However,the slow kinetics of Li^(+)transport and desolvation in commercial carbonate elect...The properties of electrolytes are critical for fast-charging and stable-cycling applications in lithium metal batteries(LMBs).However,the slow kinetics of Li^(+)transport and desolvation in commercial carbonate electrolytes,cou pled with the formation of unstable solid electrolyte interphases(SEI),exacerbate the degradation of LMB performance at high current densities.Herein,we propose a versatile electrolyte design strategy that incorporates cyclohexyl methyl ether(CME)as a co-solvent to reshape the Li^(+)solvation environment by the steric-hindrance effect of bulky molecules and their competitive coordination with other solvent molecules.Simulation calculations and spectral analysis demonstrate that the addition of CME molecules reduces the involvement of other solvent molecules in the Li solvation sheath and promotes the formation of Li^(+)-PF_(6)^(-)coordination,thereby accelerating Li^(+)transport kinetics.Additionally,this electrolyte composition improves Li^(+)desolvation kinetics and fosters the formation of inorganic-rich SEI,ensuring cycle stability under fast charging.Consequently,the Li‖LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)battery with the modified electrolyte retains 82% of its initial capacity after 463 cycles at 1 C.Even under the extreme fast-charging condition of 5 C,the battery can maintain 80% capacity retention after 173 cycles.This work provides a promising approach for the development of highperformance LMBs by modulating solvation environment of electrolytes.展开更多
Background:Hemorrhagic expansion into the fourth ventricle is an independent risk factor for poor outcomes in intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH)patients.However,to date,available animal models of IVH are limited to mode...Background:Hemorrhagic expansion into the fourth ventricle is an independent risk factor for poor outcomes in intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH)patients.However,to date,available animal models of IVH are limited to models of supratentorial ventricular hemorrhage,and there are no specific models of fourth ventricle hemorrhage.This limitation hinders comprehensive basic research and the understanding of the pathophysiological changes that occur following fourth ventricle hemorrhage.Therefore,the development of an animal model of fourth ventricle hemorrhage is highly important.Methods:In this study,a novel rat model of fourth ventricle hemorrhage was established via autologous blood injection through the foramen of Magendie.Anesthetized rats were positioned in a stereotaxic apparatus with their heads tilted downward at an angle of approximately 20°relative to the vertical axis.A needle was inserted through the foramen,and autologous blood obtained from the rat's heart was injected into the fourth ventricle via a microinfusion pump.Systematic evaluations of the model were conducted using small-animal magnetic resonance imaging,histopathological analysis,and neurological function assessment.Results:The rats developed stable and reproducible fourth ventricle hematomas and ventricular dilation.They also exhibited acute-phase hydrocephalus and pathological features of perilesional brain tissue injury,with observed neurological deficits comparable to patients with fourth ventricle hemorrhage.Conclusion:This model successfully recapitulates the clinicopathological and pathophysiological characteristics of patients with fourth ventricle hemorrhage and can be utilized for further investigation into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus and perilesional brainstem tissue injury.展开更多
In current neural network algorithms for nuclide identification in high-background,poor-resolution detectors,traditional network paradigms including back-propagation networks,convolutional neural networks,recurrent ne...In current neural network algorithms for nuclide identification in high-background,poor-resolution detectors,traditional network paradigms including back-propagation networks,convolutional neural networks,recurrent neural networks,etc.,have been limited in research on γ spectrum analysis because of their inherent mathematical mechanisms.It is difficult to make progress in terms of training data requirements and prediction accuracy.In contrast to traditional network paradigms,network models based on the transformer structure have the characteristics of parallel computing,position encoding,and deep stacking,which have enabled good performance in natural language processing tasks in recent years.Therefore,in this paper,a transformer-based neural network (TBNN) model is proposed to achieve nuclide identification for the first time.First,the Geant4 program was used to generate the basic single-nuclide energy spectrum through Monte Carlo simulations.A multi-nuclide energy spectrum database was established for neural network training using random matrices of γ-ray energy,activity,and noise.Based on the encoder–decoder structure,a network topology based on the transformer was built,transforming the 1024-channel energy spectrum data into a 32×32 energy spectrum sequence as the model input.Through experiments and adjustments of model parameters,including the learning rate of the TBNN model,number of attention heads,and number of network stacking layers,the overall recognition rate reached 98.7%.Additionally,this database was used for training AI models such as back-propagation networks,convolutional neural networks,residual networks,and long shortterm memory neural networks,with overall recognition rates of 92.8%,95.3%,96.3%,and 96.6%,respectively.This indicates that the TBNN model exhibited better nuclide identification among these AI models,providing an important reference and theoretical basis for the practical application of transformers in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the γ spectrum.展开更多
Stroke,as an acute cerebrovascular disease,is characterized by high incidence,high mortality,and high disability rate,thus attracting great attention from the medical community.Medication literacy,on the other hand,is...Stroke,as an acute cerebrovascular disease,is characterized by high incidence,high mortality,and high disability rate,thus attracting great attention from the medical community.Medication literacy,on the other hand,is an active,comprehensive,and sustainable concept of health management,which includes the learning of health knowledge and the guidelines for healthy behaviors,and directly affects the treatment effect and health safety of patients.This paper conducts an in-depth study on the current research status of medication literacy in stroke patients,analyzes its influencing factors,and explores specific intervention strategies from multiple perspectives,aiming to provide a theoretical reference for improving patients’medication management ability and optimizing clinical prognosis.展开更多
To the editor:Social communication impairment(SCI)is a core symptom of autism spectrum disorder(ASD),and evidence-based interventions targeting this domain remain limited.In the past decade,repetitive transcranial mag...To the editor:Social communication impairment(SCI)is a core symptom of autism spectrum disorder(ASD),and evidence-based interventions targeting this domain remain limited.In the past decade,repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS),one of the most commonly applied non-invasive neurostimulation techniques,has shown efficacy in treating neuropsychiatric disorders,such as depression.展开更多
Tungsten inert gas(TIG)welding and laser beam welding(LBW)were employed on as-cast and as-forged Mg−8Li−3Al−2Zn−0.5Y(LAZ832-0.5Y)alloys to investigate their weldability.The microstructure and mechanical properties of ...Tungsten inert gas(TIG)welding and laser beam welding(LBW)were employed on as-cast and as-forged Mg−8Li−3Al−2Zn−0.5Y(LAZ832-0.5Y)alloys to investigate their weldability.The microstructure and mechanical properties of solid solution treated samples were investigated for the purpose of further strength improvement,which were treated at 350℃ for 4 h.The ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and yield strength(YS)of the optimal TIG as-cast alloy welding joint were 159 and 122 MPa,which were obtained under the welding current of 80 A,and were lower than the UTS(184 MPa)and YS(146 MPa)of the optimal LBW as-forged welding joint under the power of 2.1 kW/2.0 kW double-side welding.After the solid solution treatment,on the one hand,the growth ofα-Mg grains in the fusion zone(FZ),heat affected zone(HAZ)and base metal(BM)of both the TIG and LBW welding joints was insignificant.On the other hand,the larger Al_(2)Y phases were still present,while the much smaller white AlLi particles were dissolved into the matrix,leading to the solid solution strengthening of the welding joints.As a result,the UTS and YS of the TIG welding joint respectively increased to 216 and 188 MPa after solid solution treatment,and those of the LBW welding joint only increased to 211 and 160 MPa,respectively.展开更多
As a universal casting Mg-RE alloy,Mg-6Gd-3Y-Zr(GW63K,wt.%)alloy exhibits superior strength-ductility synergy and holds significant potential for engineering applications.In this study,the GW63K alloy is produced usin...As a universal casting Mg-RE alloy,Mg-6Gd-3Y-Zr(GW63K,wt.%)alloy exhibits superior strength-ductility synergy and holds significant potential for engineering applications.In this study,the GW63K alloy is produced using the laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)additive manufacturing(AM)process for the first time.The printability,microstructure characteristics,and post-heat treatment conditions of the GW63K alloy are systematically investigated.The as-built GW63K samples demonstrate high relative densities exceeding 99.6%and exhibit no macroscopic and microscopic cracking across a wide range of process parameters,indicating excellent printability.An exceptional heterogeneous microstructure is observed in the as-built GW63K alloy,comprising coarse columnar grains,fine equiaxed grains with an average grain size of 21.72μm,uniformly distributed nano-sized Mg_(24)(Gd,Y)_(5)secondary phase,and numerous dislocations.Consequently,the as-built GW63K alloy displays enhanced tensile strengths and ductility compared to the as-cast alloy,with yield strength(YS),ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and elongation(EL)values of 218±4 MPa,284±5 MPa and 11.9±1.6%respectively.Additionally,due to the absence of coarse micron-sized secondary phase,a specific direct aging(T5)heat treatment regime at 200℃for 128 h is optimized for the as-built GW63K alloy to introduce dense and dispersedβ’aging precipitates.This T5 treatment surpasses the conventional solution plus aging(T6)heat treatment in enhancing mechanical properties.The LPBF-T5 GW63K alloy exhibits YS,UTS and EL values of 293±6 MPa,359±4 MPa and 2.9±0.7%,respectively.Notably,the YS of the LPBF-T5 alloy represents the highest value for the GW63K alloy,even surpassing that of the extrusion-T5 alloy.This study indicates that the GW63K alloy is a highly promising material for manufacturing near-net-shape high-strength Mg alloy components with intricate geometries using LPBF.展开更多
The influence of refining flux composition,refining time,refining temperature,and addition amount on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-9Li-3Al-1Zn alloy was investigated with orthogonal experimental d...The influence of refining flux composition,refining time,refining temperature,and addition amount on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-9Li-3Al-1Zn alloy was investigated with orthogonal experimental design.The flux purification process for Mg-Li alloys was optimized and the most effective ternary flux composition was identified.Results indicate that flux purification significantly mitigates Li loss during smelting by forming a protective surface layer that reduces Li oxidation and evaporation.The optimal flux composition is LiCl:LiF:CaF_(2)in a 3:1:2 mass ratio,with a flux addition of 3%,refining temperature of 720°C,and holding time of 10 min.The elongation of alloy improves to 16.2% after refinement,while the enhancement in strength remains marginal.展开更多
Diaphragma juglandis(D.juglandis)Fructus is a brownish lamellar structure located between walnut kernels.As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,it exhibits therapeutic effects including spleen-strengthening,kidney c...Diaphragma juglandis(D.juglandis)Fructus is a brownish lamellar structure located between walnut kernels.As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,it exhibits therapeutic effects including spleen-strengthening,kidney consolidation,astringency,diuresis,and heat-clearing.In this study,the polyphenolic constituents of D.juglandis and its functional instant tea were investigated in this study.Three polyphenolic compounds were isolated from 70%ethanol extract of D.juglandis Fructus as 2-methoxy juglone,regiolone and quercetin.The HPLC method was established for determination of the content of quercetin in the instant tea samples under the premise that the methodology was verifi ed to meet the standard requirements.The preparation process of D.juglandis Fructus instant tea was optimized through single factor experiments and Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology and the optimal conditions were determined as follows:feed rate of 10 mL/min,inlet temperature of 151℃,andβ-cyclodextrin addition of 9%.Then the antioxidant activity of each sample was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays.The results showed that the quercetin had significant antioxidant activity.The instant tea group demonstrated superior antioxidant effects compared to the extracts group at 50,200,and 800μg/mL(P<0.001),likely due to the optimized spray-drying process,which might have enhanced the solubility,stability,and bioavailability of the active compounds.The results provided critical foundational data for the deep processing and comprehensive utilization of D.juglandis Fructus.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of chlorine-based fertilizers under varying nitrogen solution concentrations in a soilless culture system. The experiment included four nitrogen solution concentration levels, with ...This study investigated the effects of chlorine-based fertilizers under varying nitrogen solution concentrations in a soilless culture system. The experiment included four nitrogen solution concentration levels, with nitrogen concentrations of 6 mmol/L (C1), 12 mmol/L (C2), 18 mmol/L (C3), and 24 mmol/L (C4). Each nutrient concentration level was further divided into four chloride ion treatments (R1, R2, R3, and R4), where 100%, 60%, 33%, and 0% of the NH4+ and K+ ions were derived from NH4Cl and KCl, respectively. The length, surface area and volume of root were significantly higher by 25.3%~136.9%, 40.1%~173.1%, 27.9%~178.0%, respectively, in the R4 treatment than in the R1 and R2 treatments at flowering stage. The aboveground biomass and yield in the R4 treatment were significantly higher, by approximately 15.6%~43.5% and 16.6%~28.6%, respectively, than in the R1, R2, and R3 treatments at the picking stage. The C3 and C4 treatments significantly decreased biomass and yield by 31.9%~50.2% and 20.7%~50.5%, respectively, compared to the C1 and C2 treatments at the picking stage. Besides, the higher nutrient solution increased the incidence of blossom-end rot. In conclusion, high concentrations of chloride ions in nutrient solutions, especially when the Cl− concentration exceeded 10 mmol/L, have been shown to inhibit tomato growth in soilless culture systems. Therefore, replacing sulfur-based fertilizers by chlorine-based fertilizers is not recommended for tomato production under the studied conditions.展开更多
In situ growth of co-catalysts on BiVO_(4)(BVO)to enhance photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting performance has been extensively reported.However,the understanding of the synergistic effects among various elements,...In situ growth of co-catalysts on BiVO_(4)(BVO)to enhance photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting performance has been extensively reported.However,the understanding of the synergistic effects among various elements,especially at the interface between the semiconductor and cocatalyst,has received insufficient attention.In this study,we report a Co,Ni and Mn trimetallic fluoride-modified BVO photoanode featuring a unique interfacial chemical bond(V-F).Under AM 1.5 G illumination,an exciting photocurrent density of 6.05 mA cm^(-2)was achieved at 1.23 V vs.RHE by the integrated BVO/CoNi_(0.18)Mn_(0.12)(OH)_(x)F photoanode and over 98%of the initial photocurrent was maintained after 10 h of photoelectrolysis.Control experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the V-F interfacial bond stabilizes the Co^(2+)active sites.It serves as a transmission gear,interlinking the migration of interfacial charge and the regeneration of cocatalyst,endowing the photoanode with significant activity and stability.Furthermore,we have systematically elucidated the role of the individual Co,Ni,and Mn components in the synergistic cocatalyst layer.The interfacial modification provides novel insights into developing advanced photoanodes towards PEC water splitting.展开更多
Selective electrocatalytic semi-hydrogenation(ECSH)of alkynes in water using Cu catalysts is highly relevant for the production of value-added chemicals.However,achieving high olefin selectivity still poses extreme ch...Selective electrocatalytic semi-hydrogenation(ECSH)of alkynes in water using Cu catalysts is highly relevant for the production of value-added chemicals.However,achieving high olefin selectivity still poses extreme challenges due to the susceptibility of the copper cathode in a reduction environment.Herein,a small molecule modulation electrodeposition strategy is introduced that regulates the structure of Cubased materials through modification with citric acid(CA)ligands,aiming for highly active and selective ECSH.The as-prepared EDCu-CA electrode achieves more than 97%alkyne conversion and 99%olefin selectivity.In-situ Raman and Auger electron spectroscopy(AES)data provide evidence that active Cu^(+)sites can stably exist in the EDCu-CA during the catalytic process.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations indicate that the modulation by CA contributes to maintaining Cu in a positive valence state,and Cu^(+)can inhibit the over-hydrogenation of olefins.Moreover,by utilizing a large-area electrode for longterm electrolysis,g-level conversion and a 92%separation yield of olefin can be achieved,demonstrating a viable application prospect.This study offers a promising route for designing Cu-based catalysts for the highly selective electrocata lytic conversion of organic substrates to value-added chemicals in water.展开更多
Background:Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)is the most common disease in elderly men.There is increasing evidence that periodontitis increases the risk of BPH,but the specific mechanism remains unclear.This study aim...Background:Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)is the most common disease in elderly men.There is increasing evidence that periodontitis increases the risk of BPH,but the specific mechanism remains unclear.This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of the key periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis(P.gingivalis)in the development of BPH.Methods:The subgingival plaque(Sp)and prostatic fluid(Pf)of patients with BPH concurrent periodontitis were extracted and cultured for 16S r DNA sequencing.Ligature-induced periodontitis,testosterone-induced BPH and the composite models in rats were established.The P.gingivalis and its toxic factor P.gingivalis lipopolysaccharide(P.gLPS)were injected into the ventral lobe of prostate in rats to simulate its colonization of prostate.P.g-LPS was used to construct the prostate cell infection model for mechanism exploration.Results:P.gingivalis,Streptococcus oralis,Capnocytophaga ochracea and other oral pathogens were simultaneously detected in the Sp and Pf of patients with BPH concurrent periodontitis,and the average relative abundance of P.gingivalis was found to be the highest.P.gingivalis was detected in both Sp and Pf in 62.5%of patients.Simultaneous periodontitis and BPH synergistically aggravated prostate histological changes.P.gingivalis and P.gLPS infection could induce obvious hyperplasia of the prostate epithelium and stroma(epithelial thickness was 2.97-fold and 3.08-fold that of control group,respectively),and increase of collagen fibrosis(3.81-fold and 5.02-fold that of control group,respectively).P.gingivalis infection promoted prostate cell proliferation,inhibited apoptosis,and upregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6(IL-6;4.47-fold),interleukin-6 receptor-α(IL-6Rα;5.74-fold)and glycoprotein 130(gp130;4.47-fold)in prostatic tissue.P.g-LPS could significantly inhibit cell apoptosis,promote mitosis and proliferation of cells.P.g-LPS activates the Akt pathway through IL-6/IL-6Rα/gp130 complex,which destroys the imbalance between proliferation and apoptosis of prostate cells,induces BPH.Conclusion:P.gingivalis was abundant in the Pf of patients with BPH concurrent periodontitis.P.gingivalis infection can promote BPH,which may affect the progression of BPH via inflammation and the Akt signaling pathway.展开更多
Eutrophication is a significant challenge for surface water,with sediment phosphorus(P)release being a key contributor.Although biological aluminum-based P-inactivation agent(BA-PIA)has shown effectiveness in controll...Eutrophication is a significant challenge for surface water,with sediment phosphorus(P)release being a key contributor.Although biological aluminum-based P-inactivation agent(BA-PIA)has shown effectiveness in controlling P release from sediment,the efficiency and mechanism by BA-PIA capping is still not fully understood.This study explored the efficiency and mechanism of using BA-PIA capping controlling P release from sediment.The main mechanisms controlling P release from sediment via BA-PIA capping involved transforming mobile and less stable fractions into stable ones,passivating DGT-labile P and establishing a 13 mm’P static layer’within the sediment.Additionally,BA-PIA’s impact on Fe redox processes significantly influenced P release from the sediment.After BA-PIA capping,notable reductionswere observed in total P,soluble reactive P(SRP),and diffusive gradient in thin-films(DGT)-measured labile P(DGT-labile P)concentration in the overlying water,with reduction rates of 95.6%,92.7%,and 96.5%,respectively.After BA-PIA capping,the diffusion flux of SRP across the sediment-water interface and the apparent P diffusion flux decreased by 91.3%and 97.8%,respectively.Additionally,BA-PIA capping led to reduced concentrations of SRP,DGT-labile P,and DGT-measured labile Fe(II)in the sediment interstitial water.Notably,BA-PIA capping significantly reduced P content and facilitated transformation in the 0∼30 mm sediment layers but not in the 30∼45 mm and 45∼60 mm sediment layers for NaOH-extractable inorganic P and HCl-extracted P.These findings offer a theoretical basis and technical support for the practical application of BA-PIA capping to control P release from sediment.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Lithium Resources Comprehensive Utilization and New Lithium Based Materials for Advanced Battery Technology(LRMKF202405)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52402226)the Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2024NSFSC1016)
文摘Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have emerged as pivotal energy storage solutions for electric vehicles and portable electronics.However,their operation under extreme conditions(high-temperature and fast-charging conditions)faces significant challenges,including accelerated electrolyte decomposition,interfacial instability,and potential thermal runaway risks.To address these challenges,we present a solvation-interphase synergistic regulation strategy using 2-fluorobenzenesulfonamide(2-FBS)as a multifunctional electrolyte additive.The 2-FBS molecule effectively modulates the Li^(+)solvation structure by reducing the coordination of ethylene carbonate(EC)solvent.This transformation suppresses EC-induced parasitic reactions while scavenging superoxide radicals,thereby mitigating gas evolution at electrode interfaces.Upon preferential decomposition,2-FBS further promotes the formation of a robust LiF-Li_(3)N-Li_(2)S-rich interphase with exceptional mechanical strength(Young’s modulus:39.4 GPa).This inorganic-rich hybrid interphase simultaneously enables dendrite-free lithium plating and enhances cathode thermal stability.Consequently,2-FBS-modified electrolyte empowers LiCoO_(2)//Li cells to deliver 82.8%capacity retention after 800 cycles at 55°C and sustain 81.2%capacity retention after 1500 cycles at 4 C.Moreover,practical validation through nail penetration tests confirms the effectiveness of the electrolyte in preventing thermal propagation in fully charged pouch cells.This work establishes a paradigm for enabling reliable battery operation under extreme conditions through synergistic solvation and interphase engineering.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Lithium Resources Comprehensive Utilization and New Lithium Based Materials for Advanced Battery Technology(LRMKF202405)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52402226)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2024NSFSC1016).
文摘Coal-derived hard carbon(HC)represents a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries owing to its cost-effectiveness and high carbon yield.However,conventional carbonization induces excessive graphitization,yielding insufficient interlayer spacing(d_(002)<0.37 nm)and underdeveloped closed pores.Herein,we propose a dynamic crystallization control strategy through carbothermal shock treatment(1300°C,30 s)that decouples thermodynamic and kinetic constraints.This method precisely modulates graphite domain ordering kinetics,producing short-range ordered structures with expanded interlayer spacing(d_(002)=0.385 nm)and homogeneously distributed closed nanopores.Through combined in situ characterization and first-principles calculations,we elucidate a three-stage crystallization mechanism:(i)amorphous carbon transformation,(ii)open-pore collapse,and(iii)pseudo-graphitic ordering.The optimized HC achieves record performance with 88.6%initial Coulombic efficiency and 204 mA h g^(−1)plateau capacity,while its optimal interlayer spacing lowers Na+diffusion barriers to enable exceptional rate capability(221 mA h g^(−1)at 0.5C after 300 cycles).Practical pouch cells maintain 85%capacity retention after 100 cycles at−20°C and deliver 284 Wh kg^(−1)energy density.This work establishes a kinetic regulation paradigm for graphitization-prone precursors,advancing the rational design of high-performance HC anodes.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82473864,82400095)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20231009)+1 种基金the National Center of Technology Innovation for Biopharmaceuticals(No.NCTIB2022HS01015)"Double First-Class"Initiative Program in China Pharmaceutical University and the National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Programfor Undergraduate(Nos.202310316007Z,2023103161133,2023103161333)are acknowledged for providing financial support for this work.
文摘Doxorubicin(DOX)is known to elicit potent antitumor immune responses through the induction of immunogenic cell death(ICD).However,its therapeutic efficacy is undermined by the adaptive upregulation of programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1),which hijacked the antitumor immunity.In this study,we developed a reactive oxygen species(ROS)-responsive dihydroartemisinin(DHA)prodrug to facilitate the delivery of DOX via hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions.Upon internalization by tumor cells,the nanoparticles(NPs)preferentially accumulated in endoplasmic reticulum(ER),exacerbating ER stress and amplifying ICD to enhance tumor immunogenicity.Simultaneously,the oxidative intracellular environment trigged the degradation of NPs,releasing DHA,which downregulated PD-L1 by disrupting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)phosphorylation and inactivating the nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)pathway.Consequently,the effective PD-L1 blockade and robust ICD response,synergistically inhibited breast cancer progression,significantly enhancing the chemo-immunotherapy efficacy of doxorubicin.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2023YFC3502605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 82104360,82274074, and 82204598)+1 种基金Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral TalentChina Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2022M713483)
文摘Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a chronic disease influenced by gut microbiome disturbances.Honokiol(HON),a low oral bioavailability compound from Magnolia officinalis bark,has demonstrated potential as a treatment for DM.This research investigates the effects of HON on gut microbiota and host metabolism to elucidate its mechanism of action in DM.After 8 weeks of intervention through fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)or antibiotic treatment,HON improved glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism in a gut microbiota-dependent manner.Specifically,HON administration significantly increased Akkermansia muciniphila(AKK)abundance and modulated tryptophan(TRP)metabolism,as evidenced by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid(rRNA)gene sequencing and untargeted/targeted metabolomics analysis.Notably,research revealed that AKK metabolized TRP into tryptamine(TA)and other metabolites in vitro.Both AKK and TA activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AHR)pathway,increasing circulating glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)levels and ameliorating diabetes-related symptoms in DM mice.These findings indicate that HON’s hypoglycemic effect primarily stems from AHR-GLP-1 pathway activation through targeted modulation of AKK and microbial TRP metabolite TA,potentially enhancing HON’s clinical applications.
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the clinical efficacy of core stability training combined with conventional rehabilitation in the functional recovery of patients suffering from chronic low back pain.[Methods]A randomized controlled trial design was employed in this study.Ninety patients with chronic low back pain were recruited and randomly assigned to either a control group(n=45),which received conventional rehabilitation,or an experimental group(n=45),which received conventional rehabilitation combined with core stability training.Both groups underwent treatment for 6 weeks.Assessments were conducted using the visual analogue scale(VAS),Oswestry disability index(ODI),and finger-to-floor test prior to treatment,6 weeks following treatment,and during the follow-up period,respectively.[Results]Prior to treatment,no statistically significant differences were observed between the two patient groups in terms of general information and various baseline measurements(P>0.05).Following 6 weeks of treatment and throughout the follow-up period,both groups demonstrated significant improvements in VAS scores,ODI scores,and lumbar anteflexion range of motion compared to baseline measurements(P<0.05).Notably,the magnitude of improvement in the experimental group exceeded that of the control group,with this inter-group difference reaching statistical significance(P<0.05).No serious adverse reactions were reported during the treatment process.[Conclusions]Core stability training combined with conventional rehabilitation can significantly enhance the alleviation of pain and functional impairments in patients suffering from chronic low back pain.This approach holds valuable implications for the optimization of rehabilitation treatment protocols.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan:Real-Time Intelligent Active Intervention on Integration of Ten Important Chronic Diseases(2020YFC2003504-2,to BX)。
文摘Background:Although light-intensity physical activity(LPA)has been suggested to be associated with a lower risk of mortality,the minimal and optimal volumes of LPA remain unclear.We aimed to examine the minimal and optimal volumes of LPA associated with the risks of mortality and disease incidence(i.e.,cardiovascular diseases and cancer).Methods:Data were derived from the population-based UK Biobank cohort study,including 69,492 adults aged 43-78 years.Accelerometermeasured LPA was defined using a validated,published machine learning-based Random Forest activity method,which was categorized into 4 quartile groups.All-cause and cause-specific mortality(cardiovascular disease-and cancer-specific)were determined according to the International Classification of Diseases,10th version codes.Disease incidence was defined based on primary care,hospitalization,or death records.Results:During a median follow-up period of 8.04 years,2024 adults died from all causes,539 from cardiovascular disease,and 1175 from cancer.For all-cause mortality,compared with participants in the lowest quartile of LPA(<3.9 h/day),the hazard ratios(HRs)and 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)were 0.82(95%CI:0.73-0.93)for those with 3.9 to<5.0 h/day,0.75(95%CI:0.66-0.85)for those with 5.0 to<6.1 h/day,and 0.77(95%CI:0.68-0.88)for those with≥6.1 h/day,respectively.There was an inverse non-linear dose-response association between LPA and all-cause mortality,with an optimal dose of 5.72 h/day(95%CI:5.45-6.41;HR=0.63,95%CI:0.56-0.71)and a minimal dose of 3.59 h/day(95%CI:3.53-8.56;HR=0.81,95%CI:0.78-0.86),with the 5th percentile as the reference.Similar patterns were observed for cause-specific mortality and disease incidence(cardiovascular disease and cancer).Conclusion:Engaging in LPA for~3.5 h/day was conservatively associated with lower risk of mortality and disease incidence,with further risk reductions observed up to an optimal dose of~6.0 h/day.These findings suggest that sufficient LPA offers important health benefits,which can inform the development of future PA guidelines.
基金supported by the Lithium Resources and Lithium Materials Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province(LRMKF202405)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52402226)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2024NSFSC1016)the Scientific Research Startup Foundation of Chengdu University of Technology(10912-KYQD2023-10240)the opening funding from Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application(Harbin University of Science and Technology)(KFM202507,Ministry of Education)the funding provided by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation。
文摘The properties of electrolytes are critical for fast-charging and stable-cycling applications in lithium metal batteries(LMBs).However,the slow kinetics of Li^(+)transport and desolvation in commercial carbonate electrolytes,cou pled with the formation of unstable solid electrolyte interphases(SEI),exacerbate the degradation of LMB performance at high current densities.Herein,we propose a versatile electrolyte design strategy that incorporates cyclohexyl methyl ether(CME)as a co-solvent to reshape the Li^(+)solvation environment by the steric-hindrance effect of bulky molecules and their competitive coordination with other solvent molecules.Simulation calculations and spectral analysis demonstrate that the addition of CME molecules reduces the involvement of other solvent molecules in the Li solvation sheath and promotes the formation of Li^(+)-PF_(6)^(-)coordination,thereby accelerating Li^(+)transport kinetics.Additionally,this electrolyte composition improves Li^(+)desolvation kinetics and fosters the formation of inorganic-rich SEI,ensuring cycle stability under fast charging.Consequently,the Li‖LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)battery with the modified electrolyte retains 82% of its initial capacity after 463 cycles at 1 C.Even under the extreme fast-charging condition of 5 C,the battery can maintain 80% capacity retention after 173 cycles.This work provides a promising approach for the development of highperformance LMBs by modulating solvation environment of electrolytes.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,Grant/Award Number:2024AFB877the Chongqing Medical Scientific Research Project(Joint Project of Chongqing Health Commission and Science&Technology Bureau),Grant/Award Number:2023GGXM003+3 种基金Chongqing Municipal Health Commission,Grant/Award Number:YXGD202451Organization Department of Chongqing Municipal Party Committee,Grant/Award Number:cstc2024ycjh-bgzxm0103National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82371361Jingmen Science and Technology Bureau,Grant/Award Number:2024ZDYF012。
文摘Background:Hemorrhagic expansion into the fourth ventricle is an independent risk factor for poor outcomes in intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH)patients.However,to date,available animal models of IVH are limited to models of supratentorial ventricular hemorrhage,and there are no specific models of fourth ventricle hemorrhage.This limitation hinders comprehensive basic research and the understanding of the pathophysiological changes that occur following fourth ventricle hemorrhage.Therefore,the development of an animal model of fourth ventricle hemorrhage is highly important.Methods:In this study,a novel rat model of fourth ventricle hemorrhage was established via autologous blood injection through the foramen of Magendie.Anesthetized rats were positioned in a stereotaxic apparatus with their heads tilted downward at an angle of approximately 20°relative to the vertical axis.A needle was inserted through the foramen,and autologous blood obtained from the rat's heart was injected into the fourth ventricle via a microinfusion pump.Systematic evaluations of the model were conducted using small-animal magnetic resonance imaging,histopathological analysis,and neurological function assessment.Results:The rats developed stable and reproducible fourth ventricle hematomas and ventricular dilation.They also exhibited acute-phase hydrocephalus and pathological features of perilesional brain tissue injury,with observed neurological deficits comparable to patients with fourth ventricle hemorrhage.Conclusion:This model successfully recapitulates the clinicopathological and pathophysiological characteristics of patients with fourth ventricle hemorrhage and can be utilized for further investigation into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus and perilesional brainstem tissue injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42127807)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(Nos.2024NSFSC0422,23NSFSCC0116)Nuclear Energy Development Project(No.[2021]-88).
文摘In current neural network algorithms for nuclide identification in high-background,poor-resolution detectors,traditional network paradigms including back-propagation networks,convolutional neural networks,recurrent neural networks,etc.,have been limited in research on γ spectrum analysis because of their inherent mathematical mechanisms.It is difficult to make progress in terms of training data requirements and prediction accuracy.In contrast to traditional network paradigms,network models based on the transformer structure have the characteristics of parallel computing,position encoding,and deep stacking,which have enabled good performance in natural language processing tasks in recent years.Therefore,in this paper,a transformer-based neural network (TBNN) model is proposed to achieve nuclide identification for the first time.First,the Geant4 program was used to generate the basic single-nuclide energy spectrum through Monte Carlo simulations.A multi-nuclide energy spectrum database was established for neural network training using random matrices of γ-ray energy,activity,and noise.Based on the encoder–decoder structure,a network topology based on the transformer was built,transforming the 1024-channel energy spectrum data into a 32×32 energy spectrum sequence as the model input.Through experiments and adjustments of model parameters,including the learning rate of the TBNN model,number of attention heads,and number of network stacking layers,the overall recognition rate reached 98.7%.Additionally,this database was used for training AI models such as back-propagation networks,convolutional neural networks,residual networks,and long shortterm memory neural networks,with overall recognition rates of 92.8%,95.3%,96.3%,and 96.6%,respectively.This indicates that the TBNN model exhibited better nuclide identification among these AI models,providing an important reference and theoretical basis for the practical application of transformers in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the γ spectrum.
基金2023 PSM Guangdong Pharmaceutical Science Popularization Research Fund"Drug Management Ability in Elderly Stroke Patients Based onAI-Predicted Pharmaceutical Science Popularization Interventions"(Project No.:2023KP65)。
文摘Stroke,as an acute cerebrovascular disease,is characterized by high incidence,high mortality,and high disability rate,thus attracting great attention from the medical community.Medication literacy,on the other hand,is an active,comprehensive,and sustainable concept of health management,which includes the learning of health knowledge and the guidelines for healthy behaviors,and directly affects the treatment effect and health safety of patients.This paper conducts an in-depth study on the current research status of medication literacy in stroke patients,analyzes its influencing factors,and explores specific intervention strategies from multiple perspectives,aiming to provide a theoretical reference for improving patients’medication management ability and optimizing clinical prognosis.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82125032,81930095,82204048 and 81761128035)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(19410713500 and 2018SHZDZX01)+3 种基金the Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning(GWV-10.1-XK07,2020CXJQ01 and 2018YJRC03)the Shanghai Clinical Key Subject Construction Project(shslczdzk02902)the Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai(SHSMU-ZDCX20211100)the Guangdong Key Project(2018B030335001).
文摘To the editor:Social communication impairment(SCI)is a core symptom of autism spectrum disorder(ASD),and evidence-based interventions targeting this domain remain limited.In the past decade,repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS),one of the most commonly applied non-invasive neurostimulation techniques,has shown efficacy in treating neuropsychiatric disorders,such as depression.
基金supported by the National Defense Basic Research Program of China(No.JCKY2023204A005)the Research Program of Joint Research Center of Advanced Spaceflight Technologies of China(No.USCAST2023-3)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2037601)the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Luoyang,Henan Province,China(No.2201029A)the Foundation Strengthening Plan Technical Field Fund,China(No.2021-JJ-0112).
文摘Tungsten inert gas(TIG)welding and laser beam welding(LBW)were employed on as-cast and as-forged Mg−8Li−3Al−2Zn−0.5Y(LAZ832-0.5Y)alloys to investigate their weldability.The microstructure and mechanical properties of solid solution treated samples were investigated for the purpose of further strength improvement,which were treated at 350℃ for 4 h.The ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and yield strength(YS)of the optimal TIG as-cast alloy welding joint were 159 and 122 MPa,which were obtained under the welding current of 80 A,and were lower than the UTS(184 MPa)and YS(146 MPa)of the optimal LBW as-forged welding joint under the power of 2.1 kW/2.0 kW double-side welding.After the solid solution treatment,on the one hand,the growth ofα-Mg grains in the fusion zone(FZ),heat affected zone(HAZ)and base metal(BM)of both the TIG and LBW welding joints was insignificant.On the other hand,the larger Al_(2)Y phases were still present,while the much smaller white AlLi particles were dissolved into the matrix,leading to the solid solution strengthening of the welding joints.As a result,the UTS and YS of the TIG welding joint respectively increased to 216 and 188 MPa after solid solution treatment,and those of the LBW welding joint only increased to 211 and 160 MPa,respectively.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2021YFB3701000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. U21A2047, 52201129, 51821001,U2037601)+1 种基金the support by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2023M742219)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program (Grade B) of CPSF(No. GZB20240419)
文摘As a universal casting Mg-RE alloy,Mg-6Gd-3Y-Zr(GW63K,wt.%)alloy exhibits superior strength-ductility synergy and holds significant potential for engineering applications.In this study,the GW63K alloy is produced using the laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)additive manufacturing(AM)process for the first time.The printability,microstructure characteristics,and post-heat treatment conditions of the GW63K alloy are systematically investigated.The as-built GW63K samples demonstrate high relative densities exceeding 99.6%and exhibit no macroscopic and microscopic cracking across a wide range of process parameters,indicating excellent printability.An exceptional heterogeneous microstructure is observed in the as-built GW63K alloy,comprising coarse columnar grains,fine equiaxed grains with an average grain size of 21.72μm,uniformly distributed nano-sized Mg_(24)(Gd,Y)_(5)secondary phase,and numerous dislocations.Consequently,the as-built GW63K alloy displays enhanced tensile strengths and ductility compared to the as-cast alloy,with yield strength(YS),ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and elongation(EL)values of 218±4 MPa,284±5 MPa and 11.9±1.6%respectively.Additionally,due to the absence of coarse micron-sized secondary phase,a specific direct aging(T5)heat treatment regime at 200℃for 128 h is optimized for the as-built GW63K alloy to introduce dense and dispersedβ’aging precipitates.This T5 treatment surpasses the conventional solution plus aging(T6)heat treatment in enhancing mechanical properties.The LPBF-T5 GW63K alloy exhibits YS,UTS and EL values of 293±6 MPa,359±4 MPa and 2.9±0.7%,respectively.Notably,the YS of the LPBF-T5 alloy represents the highest value for the GW63K alloy,even surpassing that of the extrusion-T5 alloy.This study indicates that the GW63K alloy is a highly promising material for manufacturing near-net-shape high-strength Mg alloy components with intricate geometries using LPBF.
基金financially supported by the National Defense Basic Research Program,China(No.JCKY2023204A005)Foundation Strengthening Plan Technical Field Fund,China(No.2021-JJ-0112)+1 种基金Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Luoyang,China(No.2201029A)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2037601).
文摘The influence of refining flux composition,refining time,refining temperature,and addition amount on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-9Li-3Al-1Zn alloy was investigated with orthogonal experimental design.The flux purification process for Mg-Li alloys was optimized and the most effective ternary flux composition was identified.Results indicate that flux purification significantly mitigates Li loss during smelting by forming a protective surface layer that reduces Li oxidation and evaporation.The optimal flux composition is LiCl:LiF:CaF_(2)in a 3:1:2 mass ratio,with a flux addition of 3%,refining temperature of 720°C,and holding time of 10 min.The elongation of alloy improves to 16.2% after refinement,while the enhancement in strength remains marginal.
文摘Diaphragma juglandis(D.juglandis)Fructus is a brownish lamellar structure located between walnut kernels.As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,it exhibits therapeutic effects including spleen-strengthening,kidney consolidation,astringency,diuresis,and heat-clearing.In this study,the polyphenolic constituents of D.juglandis and its functional instant tea were investigated in this study.Three polyphenolic compounds were isolated from 70%ethanol extract of D.juglandis Fructus as 2-methoxy juglone,regiolone and quercetin.The HPLC method was established for determination of the content of quercetin in the instant tea samples under the premise that the methodology was verifi ed to meet the standard requirements.The preparation process of D.juglandis Fructus instant tea was optimized through single factor experiments and Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology and the optimal conditions were determined as follows:feed rate of 10 mL/min,inlet temperature of 151℃,andβ-cyclodextrin addition of 9%.Then the antioxidant activity of each sample was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays.The results showed that the quercetin had significant antioxidant activity.The instant tea group demonstrated superior antioxidant effects compared to the extracts group at 50,200,and 800μg/mL(P<0.001),likely due to the optimized spray-drying process,which might have enhanced the solubility,stability,and bioavailability of the active compounds.The results provided critical foundational data for the deep processing and comprehensive utilization of D.juglandis Fructus.
基金Weifang Vocational College Research Project and the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFE0104700).
文摘This study investigated the effects of chlorine-based fertilizers under varying nitrogen solution concentrations in a soilless culture system. The experiment included four nitrogen solution concentration levels, with nitrogen concentrations of 6 mmol/L (C1), 12 mmol/L (C2), 18 mmol/L (C3), and 24 mmol/L (C4). Each nutrient concentration level was further divided into four chloride ion treatments (R1, R2, R3, and R4), where 100%, 60%, 33%, and 0% of the NH4+ and K+ ions were derived from NH4Cl and KCl, respectively. The length, surface area and volume of root were significantly higher by 25.3%~136.9%, 40.1%~173.1%, 27.9%~178.0%, respectively, in the R4 treatment than in the R1 and R2 treatments at flowering stage. The aboveground biomass and yield in the R4 treatment were significantly higher, by approximately 15.6%~43.5% and 16.6%~28.6%, respectively, than in the R1, R2, and R3 treatments at the picking stage. The C3 and C4 treatments significantly decreased biomass and yield by 31.9%~50.2% and 20.7%~50.5%, respectively, compared to the C1 and C2 treatments at the picking stage. Besides, the higher nutrient solution increased the incidence of blossom-end rot. In conclusion, high concentrations of chloride ions in nutrient solutions, especially when the Cl− concentration exceeded 10 mmol/L, have been shown to inhibit tomato growth in soilless culture systems. Therefore, replacing sulfur-based fertilizers by chlorine-based fertilizers is not recommended for tomato production under the studied conditions.
文摘In situ growth of co-catalysts on BiVO_(4)(BVO)to enhance photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting performance has been extensively reported.However,the understanding of the synergistic effects among various elements,especially at the interface between the semiconductor and cocatalyst,has received insufficient attention.In this study,we report a Co,Ni and Mn trimetallic fluoride-modified BVO photoanode featuring a unique interfacial chemical bond(V-F).Under AM 1.5 G illumination,an exciting photocurrent density of 6.05 mA cm^(-2)was achieved at 1.23 V vs.RHE by the integrated BVO/CoNi_(0.18)Mn_(0.12)(OH)_(x)F photoanode and over 98%of the initial photocurrent was maintained after 10 h of photoelectrolysis.Control experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the V-F interfacial bond stabilizes the Co^(2+)active sites.It serves as a transmission gear,interlinking the migration of interfacial charge and the regeneration of cocatalyst,endowing the photoanode with significant activity and stability.Furthermore,we have systematically elucidated the role of the individual Co,Ni,and Mn components in the synergistic cocatalyst layer.The interfacial modification provides novel insights into developing advanced photoanodes towards PEC water splitting.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(22179056,22172018)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC2002097,1807210)+2 种基金the Key Projects of Liaoning Provincial Education Department(JYTZD2023001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT23LAB611)Yingkou Talents Program。
文摘Selective electrocatalytic semi-hydrogenation(ECSH)of alkynes in water using Cu catalysts is highly relevant for the production of value-added chemicals.However,achieving high olefin selectivity still poses extreme challenges due to the susceptibility of the copper cathode in a reduction environment.Herein,a small molecule modulation electrodeposition strategy is introduced that regulates the structure of Cubased materials through modification with citric acid(CA)ligands,aiming for highly active and selective ECSH.The as-prepared EDCu-CA electrode achieves more than 97%alkyne conversion and 99%olefin selectivity.In-situ Raman and Auger electron spectroscopy(AES)data provide evidence that active Cu^(+)sites can stably exist in the EDCu-CA during the catalytic process.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations indicate that the modulation by CA contributes to maintaining Cu in a positive valence state,and Cu^(+)can inhibit the over-hydrogenation of olefins.Moreover,by utilizing a large-area electrode for longterm electrolysis,g-level conversion and a 92%separation yield of olefin can be achieved,demonstrating a viable application prospect.This study offers a promising route for designing Cu-based catalysts for the highly selective electrocata lytic conversion of organic substrates to value-added chemicals in water.
基金supported(in part)by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82200862,82370778)the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2022CFB681,2023AFA061,2019CFB760)+4 种基金the Hubei Province Health and Family Planning Scientific Research Project(WJ2023M058,WJ2019H035)the Key Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Henan Province(22A320038)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2042023kf1019,2042023kf0051,2042022kf0072)the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University,Science Technology and Innovation Seed Fund(CXPY2022074)the Young Top-notch Talent Cultivation Program of Hubei Province(for Prof.Zeng XT).
文摘Background:Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)is the most common disease in elderly men.There is increasing evidence that periodontitis increases the risk of BPH,but the specific mechanism remains unclear.This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of the key periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis(P.gingivalis)in the development of BPH.Methods:The subgingival plaque(Sp)and prostatic fluid(Pf)of patients with BPH concurrent periodontitis were extracted and cultured for 16S r DNA sequencing.Ligature-induced periodontitis,testosterone-induced BPH and the composite models in rats were established.The P.gingivalis and its toxic factor P.gingivalis lipopolysaccharide(P.gLPS)were injected into the ventral lobe of prostate in rats to simulate its colonization of prostate.P.g-LPS was used to construct the prostate cell infection model for mechanism exploration.Results:P.gingivalis,Streptococcus oralis,Capnocytophaga ochracea and other oral pathogens were simultaneously detected in the Sp and Pf of patients with BPH concurrent periodontitis,and the average relative abundance of P.gingivalis was found to be the highest.P.gingivalis was detected in both Sp and Pf in 62.5%of patients.Simultaneous periodontitis and BPH synergistically aggravated prostate histological changes.P.gingivalis and P.gLPS infection could induce obvious hyperplasia of the prostate epithelium and stroma(epithelial thickness was 2.97-fold and 3.08-fold that of control group,respectively),and increase of collagen fibrosis(3.81-fold and 5.02-fold that of control group,respectively).P.gingivalis infection promoted prostate cell proliferation,inhibited apoptosis,and upregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6(IL-6;4.47-fold),interleukin-6 receptor-α(IL-6Rα;5.74-fold)and glycoprotein 130(gp130;4.47-fold)in prostatic tissue.P.g-LPS could significantly inhibit cell apoptosis,promote mitosis and proliferation of cells.P.g-LPS activates the Akt pathway through IL-6/IL-6Rα/gp130 complex,which destroys the imbalance between proliferation and apoptosis of prostate cells,induces BPH.Conclusion:P.gingivalis was abundant in the Pf of patients with BPH concurrent periodontitis.P.gingivalis infection can promote BPH,which may affect the progression of BPH via inflammation and the Akt signaling pathway.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51878300)the National Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen City(No.3502Z202373041)the Water Conservancy Science and Technology Plan Project(No.RC2127).
文摘Eutrophication is a significant challenge for surface water,with sediment phosphorus(P)release being a key contributor.Although biological aluminum-based P-inactivation agent(BA-PIA)has shown effectiveness in controlling P release from sediment,the efficiency and mechanism by BA-PIA capping is still not fully understood.This study explored the efficiency and mechanism of using BA-PIA capping controlling P release from sediment.The main mechanisms controlling P release from sediment via BA-PIA capping involved transforming mobile and less stable fractions into stable ones,passivating DGT-labile P and establishing a 13 mm’P static layer’within the sediment.Additionally,BA-PIA’s impact on Fe redox processes significantly influenced P release from the sediment.After BA-PIA capping,notable reductionswere observed in total P,soluble reactive P(SRP),and diffusive gradient in thin-films(DGT)-measured labile P(DGT-labile P)concentration in the overlying water,with reduction rates of 95.6%,92.7%,and 96.5%,respectively.After BA-PIA capping,the diffusion flux of SRP across the sediment-water interface and the apparent P diffusion flux decreased by 91.3%and 97.8%,respectively.Additionally,BA-PIA capping led to reduced concentrations of SRP,DGT-labile P,and DGT-measured labile Fe(II)in the sediment interstitial water.Notably,BA-PIA capping significantly reduced P content and facilitated transformation in the 0∼30 mm sediment layers but not in the 30∼45 mm and 45∼60 mm sediment layers for NaOH-extractable inorganic P and HCl-extracted P.These findings offer a theoretical basis and technical support for the practical application of BA-PIA capping to control P release from sediment.
