Photosynthesis is the basis of crop growth and is sensitive to stress.Smut(Sporisorium destruens)is the primary disease in the production of broomcorn millet(Panicum miliaceum L.).This study evaluated the effects of i...Photosynthesis is the basis of crop growth and is sensitive to stress.Smut(Sporisorium destruens)is the primary disease in the production of broomcorn millet(Panicum miliaceum L.).This study evaluated the effects of infection with S.destruens on the photosynthesis of the resistant cultivar(BM)and susceptible cultivar(NF).After inoculation,there was a decrease in the chlorophyll content,gas exchange parameters,and chlorophyll fluorescence of the two cultivars.Observation of the ultrastructure of diseased leaves showed that the chloroplasts and mitochondria had abnormal morphology,and some vacuoles appeared.RNA-seq was performed on the flag leaves after inoculation.In addition to the resistant and susceptible cultivars,the diseased leaves developed from inflorescences were defined as S2.The analysis showed that the pathways related to photosynthesis stimulated some differentially expressed genes(DEGs)after infection with S.destruens.More DEGs were induced in the susceptible broomcorn millet NF than in the resistant broomcorn millet BM,and most of those genes were downregulated.The number of DEGs induced by S2 was greater than that in susceptible cultivar NF,and most of them were upregulated.These results indicate that infection with S.destruens affects the normal photosynthetic performance of broomcorn millet.Understanding the mechanism between S.destruens,photosynthesis,and broomcorn millet is an effective measure to prevent the occurrence of smut and enhance its resistance.展开更多
In the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production,metal sulfides are frequently utilized,particularly Cd sulfides,which have the benefits of a narrow band gap and a sufficient band gap.Other photocatalysts are requir...In the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production,metal sulfides are frequently utilized,particularly Cd sulfides,which have the benefits of a narrow band gap and a sufficient band gap.Other photocatalysts are required to enhance the situation because it still has a high photogenic carrier recombination rate and has flaws like photocorrosion that need to be fixed.The best morphology combination must be chosen since,as we are all aware,the morphology of the catalyst can significantly alter its activity.To choose the best morphology,we chose maple leaf CdS and WO_(3)with various morphologies to construct the S-Scheme heterojunctions,and WO_(3)was then applied to other metal sulfides.It is concluded that granular WO_(3)–0D and CdS-F have the highest hydrogen evolution activity,which may indicate that 0D has the highest loading capacity and may play a certain supporting role for the catalyst that is easy to agglomerate,exposing more hydrogen evolution active sites to enhance hydrogen production.At the same time,the main hydrogen evolution active crystal face of the metal sulfide in the paper is(100)crystal face.When the crystal face is exposed,the metal sulfide in the paper has good hydrogen evolution activity,and the hydrogen evolution activity will be greatly reduced after the crystal face is covered.The established spatial angle between the(100)crystal face exposed by CdS-F and the(111)crystal face exposed by WO_(3)–0D is large,so the highly active crystal face and active site are preserved as much as possible.On the other hand,WO_(3)decreases the recombination rate of electron-hole pairs in metal sulfide,resulting in a greater contribution of photogenerated electrons to the hydrogen evolution reaction.The Tafel clearly demonstrates the variation of hydrogen production rate control steps.This offers some suggestions for choosing the photocatalyst’s morphological configuration.展开更多
A greater number of compact and reliable electrostatic capacitors are in demand due to the Internet of Things boom and rapidly growing complex and integrated electronic systems,continuously promoting the development o...A greater number of compact and reliable electrostatic capacitors are in demand due to the Internet of Things boom and rapidly growing complex and integrated electronic systems,continuously promoting the development of high-energy-density ceramic-based capacitors.Although significant successes have been achieved in obtaining high energy densities in lead-based ferroelectric ceramics,the utilization of lead-containing ceramies has been restricted due to environmental and health hazards of lead.Lead-free ferroelectric ceramics have garnered tremendous attention and are expected to replace lead-based ceramics in the near future.However,the energy density of lead-free ceramics is still lagging behind that of lead-containing cou.nterparts,severely limiting their applications.Significant efforts have been made to enhance the energy storage performance of lead-free ceramics using multi-scale design strategies,and exciting progress has been achieved in the past decade.This review briefly discusses the energy storage mechanism and fundamental characteristics of a dielectric capacitor,summarizes and compares the state-of-the-art design strategies for high-energy-density lead-free ceramics,and highlights several critical issues and requirements for industrial production.The prospects and challenges of lead-free ceramics for energy storage applications are also discussed.展开更多
The effective separation ability of photogenerated carriers plays a crucial role in catalytic hydrogen production.Establishing a heterojunction structure is an effective means to overcome the limited carrier separatio...The effective separation ability of photogenerated carriers plays a crucial role in catalytic hydrogen production.Establishing a heterojunction structure is an effective means to overcome the limited carrier separation ability of some single catalysts.In this paper,Cu,graphdiyne(GDY)and NiCoMoO_(4)are successfully coupled to construct a composite photocatalyst NCY-15%.The addition of sheet GDY effectively prevents the aggregation of NiCoMoO_(4),increases the number of active sites,and enhances the light-trapping ability of the composite catalyst.The synergistic interaction of S-scheme heterojunction and Ohmic junction heterojunction between Cu,GDY and NiCoMoO_(4)provides a unique transfer pathway for electrons,facilitating the rapid separation of photogenerated carriers and accelerating electron transfer,while retaining electrons with strong reducing capacity to participate in hydrogen production,thereby increasing the hydrogen evolution rate.This provides a new way for the development of GDY based photocatalysts.展开更多
This study analyzes the current situation and challenges of Nantong University amid the rapid development of higher education,addressing aspects such as faculty structure,administrative management efficiency,and promo...This study analyzes the current situation and challenges of Nantong University amid the rapid development of higher education,addressing aspects such as faculty structure,administrative management efficiency,and promotion mechanisms.Through questionnaire surveys and field research,coupled with SWOT analysis and various theoretical methods,a comprehensive analysis was conducted on Nantong University’s internal and external environment.The study proposes an improved comprehensive development strategy and implementation measures,which include updating management concepts,strengthening professional training,optimizing employment conditions,and improving salary systems.Ultimately,this study provides practical strategies for human resource management and the transformational development of Nantong University and other local comprehensive universities.展开更多
A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled multicenter trial was conducted in healthy Chinese infants to assess the efficacy and safety of a hexavalent live human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine(HRV)against rot...A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled multicenter trial was conducted in healthy Chinese infants to assess the efficacy and safety of a hexavalent live human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine(HRV)against rotavirus gastroenteritis(RVGE).A total of 6400 participants aged 6-12 weeks were enrolled and randomly assigned to either HRV(n?3200)or placebo(n?3200)group.All the subjects received three oral doses of vaccine four weeks apart.The vaccine efficacy(VE)against RVGE caused by rotavirus serotypes contained in HRV was evaluated from 14 days after three doses of administration up until the end of the second rotavirus season.VE against severe RVGE,VE against RVGE hospitalization caused by serotypes contained in HRV,and VE against RVGE,severe RVGE,and RVGE hospitalization caused by natural infection of any serotype of rotavirus were also investigated.All adverse events(AEs)were collected for 30 days after each dose.Serious AEs(SAEs)and intussusception cases were collected during the entire study.Our data showed that VE against RVGE caused by serotypes contained in HRV was 69.21%(95%CI:53.31-79.69).VE against severe RVGE and RVGE hospitalization caused by serotypes contained in HRV were 91.36%(95%CI:78.45-96.53)and 89.21%(95%CI:64.51-96.72)respectively.VE against RVGE,severe RVGE,and RVGE hospitalization caused by natural infection of any serotype of rotavirus were 62.88%(95%CI:49.11-72.92),85.51%(95%CI:72.74-92.30)and 83.68%(95%CI:61.34-93.11).Incidences of AEs from the first dose to one month post the third dose in HRV and placebo groups were comparable.There was no significant difference in incidences of SAEs in HRV and placebo groups.This study shows that this hexavalent reassortant rotavirus vaccine is an effective,well-tolerated,and safe vaccine for Chinese infants.展开更多
Coral sand is widely encountered in coastal areas of tropical and subtropical regions.Compared with silica sand,it usually exhibits weaker performance from the perspective of engineering geology.To improve the geomech...Coral sand is widely encountered in coastal areas of tropical and subtropical regions.Compared with silica sand,it usually exhibits weaker performance from the perspective of engineering geology.To improve the geomechanical performance of coral sand and meet the requirement of foundation construction in coastal areas,a novel alkali activation-based sustainable binder was developed.The alkaliactivated slag(AAS)binder material was composed of ground granulated blast-furnace slag(GGBS)and hydrated lime with the amendment of biochar,an agricultural waste-derived material.The biocharamended AAS stabilized coral sand was subjected to a series of laboratory tests to determine its mechanical,physicochemical,and microstructural characteristics.Results show that adding a moderate amount of biochar in AAS could improve soil strength,elastic modulus,and water holding capacity by up to 20%,70%,and 30%,respectively.Moreover,the addition of biochar in AAS had a marginal effect on the sulfate resistance of the stabilized sand,especially at high biochar content.However,the resistance of the AAS stabilized sand to wet-dry cycles slightly deteriorated with the addition of biochar.Based on these observations,a conceptual model showing biochar-AAS-sand interactions was proposed,in which biochar served as an internal curing agent,micro-reinforcer,and mechanically weak point.展开更多
The hybridization of fullerene and nanotube structures in newly isolated C;with the D;symmetric group(D;(1)-C;)provides an ideal model as a mediating allotrope of nanocarbon from zero-dimensional(OD)fullerene to one-d...The hybridization of fullerene and nanotube structures in newly isolated C;with the D;symmetric group(D;(1)-C;)provides an ideal model as a mediating allotrope of nanocarbon from zero-dimensional(OD)fullerene to one-dimensional nanotube.Raman and infrared spectroscopy combined with classical molecular dynamics simulation were used to investigate the structural evolution of D;(1)-C;at ambient and high pressure up to35.1 GPa.Interestingly,the high-pressure transformations of D;(1)-C;exhibit the features of both fullerene and nanotube.At around 2.5 GPa,the D;(1)-C;molecule in the crystal undergoes an orientational transition to a restricted rotation.At 6.6 GPa,the tubular hexagonal part occurs and transforms into a dumbbell-like structure at higher pressure.The material starts to amorphize above 13.9 GPa,and the transition is reversible until the pressure exceeds 25 GPa.The amorphization is probably correlated with both the intermolecular bonding and the morphology change.Our results enrich our understanding of structural changes in nano carbon from 0 D to1 D.展开更多
Graphdiyne(GDY),known for its tunable intrinsic bandgap,high charge carrier mobility,and broad-spectrum absorption,has garnered significant attention for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.However,GDY/wide-band semicon...Graphdiyne(GDY),known for its tunable intrinsic bandgap,high charge carrier mobility,and broad-spectrum absorption,has garnered significant attention for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.However,GDY/wide-band semiconductor photocatalysts suffer from limitations,including low doping concentrations and insufficient absorption in the visible-to-near-infrared(Vis-NIR)region,which restricts full-spectrum energy utilization.To address these challenges,we designed and synthesized a functional graphdiyne quantum dots(PG-QDs)incorporating perylene diimide(PDI)units.These PG-QDs exhibit tailored spectral absorption,reducing competition with wide-band semiconductors for UV light while enhancing Vis-NIR absorption and photothermal conversion performance.PG-QDs overcame the doping concentration limitations of conventional GDY-based photocatalysts,achieving an optimal doping ratio of 15%without suppressing hydrogen evolution activity.The pronounced photothermal effect effectively suppressed the recombination of photogenerated carriers and enhanced charge carrier separation efficiency.The hydrogen evolution rate reached 12.69 mmol g^(−1)h^(−1),over thirty times higher than P25.This study presents a novel strategy for improving the full-spectrum energy utilization of GDY-based photocatalysts.展开更多
With the advancement of flexible bioelectronics,developing highly elastic and breathable piezoelectric materials and devices that achieve conformal deformation,synchronous electromechanical coupling with the human bod...With the advancement of flexible bioelectronics,developing highly elastic and breathable piezoelectric materials and devices that achieve conformal deformation,synchronous electromechanical coupling with the human body and high-fidelity collec-tion of biological information remains a significant challenge.Here,a nanoconfinement self-assembly strategy is developed to prepare elastic phenylalanine dipeptide(FF)crystal fibers,in which FF crystals form a unique Mortise-Tenon structure with oriented styrene-block-butadiene-block-styrene molecular beams and thereby obtain elasticity(≈1200%),flexibility(Young’s modulus:0.409±0.031 MPa),piezoelectricity(macroscopic d_(33):10.025±0.33 pC N^(-1)),breathability,and physical stability.Furthermore,elastic FF crystal fibers are used to develop a flexible human physiological movement sensing system by integrating Ga–In alloy coating and wireless electronic transmission components.The system can undergo conformal deformation with human skin and achieve high-fidelity capture of biological information originating from human body motions to prevent diseases(such as Parkinson’s disease).In addition,this system also displays superior sensitivity and accu-racy in detecting subtle pressure changes in vivo during heartbeats,respiration,and diaphragm movement.Therefore,elastic FF crystal fibers hold great potential for developing new flexible electromechanical sensors that are capable of conformal deformation with the human body,enabling precision medical diagnosis and efficient energy harvesting.展开更多
Solar thermochemical conversion technologies are promising for effectively utilizing solar energy by capturing the full spectrum of solar radiation.To overcome the challenges of low energy conversion efficiency and in...Solar thermochemical conversion technologies are promising for effectively utilizing solar energy by capturing the full spectrum of solar radiation.To overcome the challenges of low energy conversion efficiency and intermittency faced by solar thermochemical conversion,these technologies can be effectively integrated with membrane reactor technology.Although the performance of solar thermochemical membrane reactors has been experimentally tested,the chemical reactions and oxygen transport mechanisms during the energy conversion process remain poorly understood.This study introduces a resistance network model to elucidate the interactions between interfacial reactions and bulk diffusion during simultaneous oxidationreduction reactions on both sides of the membrane.We analyzed the oxygen flux of the membrane reactor under various operating conditions using this model to identify the reaction/transport-limiting side of the overall process.The most effective solar membrane reactor configuration utilizes natural gas and CO_(2),facilitating clean conversion of fossil fuels with significant advantages in fuel production and energy efficiency.Introducing CH_4 lowers the overall reaction temperature,maintains low oxygen partial pressure on the sweep side,and produces a synthesis gas with a 2:1 H_2/CO molar ratio.Finally,a sensitivity analysis was used to explore the relationship between overall fuel production performance and operational parameters,highlighting the critical role of this research in enhancing the reaction and transport performance of membrane reactors and advancing the development of solar-driven thermochemical fuel production technologies.展开更多
Ultra-thin electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbers present challenging demands on EMW absorption performance.Drawing inspiration from heather leaf structures,this study introduces an innovative design strategy for EMW abso...Ultra-thin electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbers present challenging demands on EMW absorption performance.Drawing inspiration from heather leaf structures,this study introduces an innovative design strategy for EMW absorbing material,proposing biomimetic leaf SnO_(2) structures(bio-SnO_(2))on carbon fabric(CF).By employing leaf-shaped SnS2 as precursors,biomimetic leaf SnO_(2) nanostructures are constructed on CF surface after a simple thermal treatment,resulting in bio-SnO_(2)@CF composite.Experimental results indicate that bio-SnO_(2)@CF exhibits an exceptional minimum reflection loss of-54.8 dB at an incredibly thin thickness of 1.2 mm.Radar cross section(RCS)simulations further validate the outstanding EMW attenuation ability of bio-SnO_(2)@CF,attaining a maximum RCS reduction value of 16.9 dBm^(2) at an incident wave angle ofθ=0°.This novel research showcases the biomimetic structural design strategy and its remarkable function in enhancing the EMW absorbing performance at ultra-thin absorber thickness.展开更多
The pandemic of respiratory diseases enlightened people that monitoring respiration has promising prospects in averting many fatalities by tracking the development of diseases.However,the response speed of current opt...The pandemic of respiratory diseases enlightened people that monitoring respiration has promising prospects in averting many fatalities by tracking the development of diseases.However,the response speed of current optical fiber sensors is still insufficient to meet the requirements of high-frequency respiratory detection during respiratory failure.Here,a scheme for a fast and stable tachypnea monitor is proposed utilizing a water-soluble C_(60)-Lys ion compound as functional material for the tracking of humidity change in the progression of breath.The polarization of C_(60)-Lys can be tuned by the ambient relative humidity change,and an apparent refractive index alteration can be detected due to the small size effect.In our experiments,C_(60)-Lys is conformally and uniformly deposited on the surface of a tilted fiber Bragg grating(TFBG)to fabricate an ultra-fast-response,high-sensitivity,and long-term stable optical fiber humidity sensor.A relative humidity(RH)detecting sensitivity of 0.080 dB/%RH and the equilibrium response time and recovery time of 1.85 s and 1.58 s are observed,respectively.Also,a linear relation is detected between the resonance intensity of the TFBG and the environment RH.In a practical breath monitoring experiment,the instantaneous response time and recovery time are measured as 40 ms and 41 ms,respectively,during a 1.5 Hz fast breath process.Furthermore,an excellent time stability and high repeatability are exhibited in experiments conducted over a range of 7 days.展开更多
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-06-A26)the“Two-chain”Fusion Crop Breeding Key Project of Shaanxi,China(2021-LLRH-07)。
文摘Photosynthesis is the basis of crop growth and is sensitive to stress.Smut(Sporisorium destruens)is the primary disease in the production of broomcorn millet(Panicum miliaceum L.).This study evaluated the effects of infection with S.destruens on the photosynthesis of the resistant cultivar(BM)and susceptible cultivar(NF).After inoculation,there was a decrease in the chlorophyll content,gas exchange parameters,and chlorophyll fluorescence of the two cultivars.Observation of the ultrastructure of diseased leaves showed that the chloroplasts and mitochondria had abnormal morphology,and some vacuoles appeared.RNA-seq was performed on the flag leaves after inoculation.In addition to the resistant and susceptible cultivars,the diseased leaves developed from inflorescences were defined as S2.The analysis showed that the pathways related to photosynthesis stimulated some differentially expressed genes(DEGs)after infection with S.destruens.More DEGs were induced in the susceptible broomcorn millet NF than in the resistant broomcorn millet BM,and most of those genes were downregulated.The number of DEGs induced by S2 was greater than that in susceptible cultivar NF,and most of them were upregulated.These results indicate that infection with S.destruens affects the normal photosynthetic performance of broomcorn millet.Understanding the mechanism between S.destruens,photosynthesis,and broomcorn millet is an effective measure to prevent the occurrence of smut and enhance its resistance.
文摘In the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production,metal sulfides are frequently utilized,particularly Cd sulfides,which have the benefits of a narrow band gap and a sufficient band gap.Other photocatalysts are required to enhance the situation because it still has a high photogenic carrier recombination rate and has flaws like photocorrosion that need to be fixed.The best morphology combination must be chosen since,as we are all aware,the morphology of the catalyst can significantly alter its activity.To choose the best morphology,we chose maple leaf CdS and WO_(3)with various morphologies to construct the S-Scheme heterojunctions,and WO_(3)was then applied to other metal sulfides.It is concluded that granular WO_(3)–0D and CdS-F have the highest hydrogen evolution activity,which may indicate that 0D has the highest loading capacity and may play a certain supporting role for the catalyst that is easy to agglomerate,exposing more hydrogen evolution active sites to enhance hydrogen production.At the same time,the main hydrogen evolution active crystal face of the metal sulfide in the paper is(100)crystal face.When the crystal face is exposed,the metal sulfide in the paper has good hydrogen evolution activity,and the hydrogen evolution activity will be greatly reduced after the crystal face is covered.The established spatial angle between the(100)crystal face exposed by CdS-F and the(111)crystal face exposed by WO_(3)–0D is large,so the highly active crystal face and active site are preserved as much as possible.On the other hand,WO_(3)decreases the recombination rate of electron-hole pairs in metal sulfide,resulting in a greater contribution of photogenerated electrons to the hydrogen evolution reaction.The Tafel clearly demonstrates the variation of hydrogen production rate control steps.This offers some suggestions for choosing the photocatalyst’s morphological configuration.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.61631166004)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant Nos.KQTD20180411143514543 and JCYJ20180504165831308)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory Program(Grant No.2021B1212040001)。
文摘A greater number of compact and reliable electrostatic capacitors are in demand due to the Internet of Things boom and rapidly growing complex and integrated electronic systems,continuously promoting the development of high-energy-density ceramic-based capacitors.Although significant successes have been achieved in obtaining high energy densities in lead-based ferroelectric ceramics,the utilization of lead-containing ceramies has been restricted due to environmental and health hazards of lead.Lead-free ferroelectric ceramics have garnered tremendous attention and are expected to replace lead-based ceramics in the near future.However,the energy density of lead-free ceramics is still lagging behind that of lead-containing cou.nterparts,severely limiting their applications.Significant efforts have been made to enhance the energy storage performance of lead-free ceramics using multi-scale design strategies,and exciting progress has been achieved in the past decade.This review briefly discusses the energy storage mechanism and fundamental characteristics of a dielectric capacitor,summarizes and compares the state-of-the-art design strategies for high-energy-density lead-free ceramics,and highlights several critical issues and requirements for industrial production.The prospects and challenges of lead-free ceramics for energy storage applications are also discussed.
基金supported by the Innovative Team for Transforming Waste Cooking Oil into Clean Energy and High Value-Added Chemicals(2022QCXTD03)Ningxia low-grade resource high value utilization and environmental chemical integration technology innovation team project,and Ningxia Natural Science Foundation of 2022(Outstanding Youth Project),Project number:2022AAC05034.
文摘The effective separation ability of photogenerated carriers plays a crucial role in catalytic hydrogen production.Establishing a heterojunction structure is an effective means to overcome the limited carrier separation ability of some single catalysts.In this paper,Cu,graphdiyne(GDY)and NiCoMoO_(4)are successfully coupled to construct a composite photocatalyst NCY-15%.The addition of sheet GDY effectively prevents the aggregation of NiCoMoO_(4),increases the number of active sites,and enhances the light-trapping ability of the composite catalyst.The synergistic interaction of S-scheme heterojunction and Ohmic junction heterojunction between Cu,GDY and NiCoMoO_(4)provides a unique transfer pathway for electrons,facilitating the rapid separation of photogenerated carriers and accelerating electron transfer,while retaining electrons with strong reducing capacity to participate in hydrogen production,thereby increasing the hydrogen evolution rate.This provides a new way for the development of GDY based photocatalysts.
文摘This study analyzes the current situation and challenges of Nantong University amid the rapid development of higher education,addressing aspects such as faculty structure,administrative management efficiency,and promotion mechanisms.Through questionnaire surveys and field research,coupled with SWOT analysis and various theoretical methods,a comprehensive analysis was conducted on Nantong University’s internal and external environment.The study proposes an improved comprehensive development strategy and implementation measures,which include updating management concepts,strengthening professional training,optimizing employment conditions,and improving salary systems.Ultimately,this study provides practical strategies for human resource management and the transformational development of Nantong University and other local comprehensive universities.
基金supported by National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (grant number:2019ZX09302059)sponsored and funded by Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co.,Ltd.,Hubei,China
文摘A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled multicenter trial was conducted in healthy Chinese infants to assess the efficacy and safety of a hexavalent live human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine(HRV)against rotavirus gastroenteritis(RVGE).A total of 6400 participants aged 6-12 weeks were enrolled and randomly assigned to either HRV(n?3200)or placebo(n?3200)group.All the subjects received three oral doses of vaccine four weeks apart.The vaccine efficacy(VE)against RVGE caused by rotavirus serotypes contained in HRV was evaluated from 14 days after three doses of administration up until the end of the second rotavirus season.VE against severe RVGE,VE against RVGE hospitalization caused by serotypes contained in HRV,and VE against RVGE,severe RVGE,and RVGE hospitalization caused by natural infection of any serotype of rotavirus were also investigated.All adverse events(AEs)were collected for 30 days after each dose.Serious AEs(SAEs)and intussusception cases were collected during the entire study.Our data showed that VE against RVGE caused by serotypes contained in HRV was 69.21%(95%CI:53.31-79.69).VE against severe RVGE and RVGE hospitalization caused by serotypes contained in HRV were 91.36%(95%CI:78.45-96.53)and 89.21%(95%CI:64.51-96.72)respectively.VE against RVGE,severe RVGE,and RVGE hospitalization caused by natural infection of any serotype of rotavirus were 62.88%(95%CI:49.11-72.92),85.51%(95%CI:72.74-92.30)and 83.68%(95%CI:61.34-93.11).Incidences of AEs from the first dose to one month post the third dose in HRV and placebo groups were comparable.There was no significant difference in incidences of SAEs in HRV and placebo groups.This study shows that this hexavalent reassortant rotavirus vaccine is an effective,well-tolerated,and safe vaccine for Chinese infants.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Nos.2018YFC1803100 and 2018YFC1802300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41877248)the Primary Research&Development Plan of Jiangsu Province(No.BE2017715),China
基金supported by the Hawaii Department of Transportation(Grant No.2020-4ReSUPP)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42007246)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Coral sand is widely encountered in coastal areas of tropical and subtropical regions.Compared with silica sand,it usually exhibits weaker performance from the perspective of engineering geology.To improve the geomechanical performance of coral sand and meet the requirement of foundation construction in coastal areas,a novel alkali activation-based sustainable binder was developed.The alkaliactivated slag(AAS)binder material was composed of ground granulated blast-furnace slag(GGBS)and hydrated lime with the amendment of biochar,an agricultural waste-derived material.The biocharamended AAS stabilized coral sand was subjected to a series of laboratory tests to determine its mechanical,physicochemical,and microstructural characteristics.Results show that adding a moderate amount of biochar in AAS could improve soil strength,elastic modulus,and water holding capacity by up to 20%,70%,and 30%,respectively.Moreover,the addition of biochar in AAS had a marginal effect on the sulfate resistance of the stabilized sand,especially at high biochar content.However,the resistance of the AAS stabilized sand to wet-dry cycles slightly deteriorated with the addition of biochar.Based on these observations,a conceptual model showing biochar-AAS-sand interactions was proposed,in which biochar served as an internal curing agent,micro-reinforcer,and mechanically weak point.
基金supported fnancially by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0305900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12011530063 and 51822204)+3 种基金supported by NSF(DMR-0805056EAR 06–49658,COMPRES)DOE/NNSA(DE-FC03-03N00144,CDAC)supported by the DOE/BES(DEAC02-98CH10886)。
文摘The hybridization of fullerene and nanotube structures in newly isolated C;with the D;symmetric group(D;(1)-C;)provides an ideal model as a mediating allotrope of nanocarbon from zero-dimensional(OD)fullerene to one-dimensional nanotube.Raman and infrared spectroscopy combined with classical molecular dynamics simulation were used to investigate the structural evolution of D;(1)-C;at ambient and high pressure up to35.1 GPa.Interestingly,the high-pressure transformations of D;(1)-C;exhibit the features of both fullerene and nanotube.At around 2.5 GPa,the D;(1)-C;molecule in the crystal undergoes an orientational transition to a restricted rotation.At 6.6 GPa,the tubular hexagonal part occurs and transforms into a dumbbell-like structure at higher pressure.The material starts to amorphize above 13.9 GPa,and the transition is reversible until the pressure exceeds 25 GPa.The amorphization is probably correlated with both the intermolecular bonding and the morphology change.Our results enrich our understanding of structural changes in nano carbon from 0 D to1 D.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4200400)funded by MOSTthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172048,22205130,52402051)+12 种基金the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2021ZD06)the Outstanding Youth Science Fund(Overseas)of Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2023HWYQ-026)the Taishan Scholars Project Special Fundthe Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515012323,2023A1515010943,2022A1515110643,2024A1515010023,2025A1515010144,2025A1515010089)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20240813100910014,JCYJ20240813101003005)the Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory Open Project(QNESL OP 202309)the Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Crystalline Materials Chemistry(20212BCD42018)the Young Talent of Lifting Engineering for Science and Technology in Shandong,China(SDAST2024QTA026)the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong Universitythe China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M742063)the Basic Research Program of Jiangsu(BK20240434)the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices(South China University of Technology,2024-skllmd-16)the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures(MMCS2023OF04)。
文摘Graphdiyne(GDY),known for its tunable intrinsic bandgap,high charge carrier mobility,and broad-spectrum absorption,has garnered significant attention for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.However,GDY/wide-band semiconductor photocatalysts suffer from limitations,including low doping concentrations and insufficient absorption in the visible-to-near-infrared(Vis-NIR)region,which restricts full-spectrum energy utilization.To address these challenges,we designed and synthesized a functional graphdiyne quantum dots(PG-QDs)incorporating perylene diimide(PDI)units.These PG-QDs exhibit tailored spectral absorption,reducing competition with wide-band semiconductors for UV light while enhancing Vis-NIR absorption and photothermal conversion performance.PG-QDs overcame the doping concentration limitations of conventional GDY-based photocatalysts,achieving an optimal doping ratio of 15%without suppressing hydrogen evolution activity.The pronounced photothermal effect effectively suppressed the recombination of photogenerated carriers and enhanced charge carrier separation efficiency.The hydrogen evolution rate reached 12.69 mmol g^(−1)h^(−1),over thirty times higher than P25.This study presents a novel strategy for improving the full-spectrum energy utilization of GDY-based photocatalysts.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82472159,82302406,52303186)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024T171167,2023M731696,2022TQ0158,2022M721616)+1 种基金Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2023ZB539,2022ZB250)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(30923010307,30920041105).
文摘With the advancement of flexible bioelectronics,developing highly elastic and breathable piezoelectric materials and devices that achieve conformal deformation,synchronous electromechanical coupling with the human body and high-fidelity collec-tion of biological information remains a significant challenge.Here,a nanoconfinement self-assembly strategy is developed to prepare elastic phenylalanine dipeptide(FF)crystal fibers,in which FF crystals form a unique Mortise-Tenon structure with oriented styrene-block-butadiene-block-styrene molecular beams and thereby obtain elasticity(≈1200%),flexibility(Young’s modulus:0.409±0.031 MPa),piezoelectricity(macroscopic d_(33):10.025±0.33 pC N^(-1)),breathability,and physical stability.Furthermore,elastic FF crystal fibers are used to develop a flexible human physiological movement sensing system by integrating Ga–In alloy coating and wireless electronic transmission components.The system can undergo conformal deformation with human skin and achieve high-fidelity capture of biological information originating from human body motions to prevent diseases(such as Parkinson’s disease).In addition,this system also displays superior sensitivity and accu-racy in detecting subtle pressure changes in vivo during heartbeats,respiration,and diaphragm movement.Therefore,elastic FF crystal fibers hold great potential for developing new flexible electromechanical sensors that are capable of conformal deformation with the human body,enabling precision medical diagnosis and efficient energy harvesting.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52090062,52306242)。
文摘Solar thermochemical conversion technologies are promising for effectively utilizing solar energy by capturing the full spectrum of solar radiation.To overcome the challenges of low energy conversion efficiency and intermittency faced by solar thermochemical conversion,these technologies can be effectively integrated with membrane reactor technology.Although the performance of solar thermochemical membrane reactors has been experimentally tested,the chemical reactions and oxygen transport mechanisms during the energy conversion process remain poorly understood.This study introduces a resistance network model to elucidate the interactions between interfacial reactions and bulk diffusion during simultaneous oxidationreduction reactions on both sides of the membrane.We analyzed the oxygen flux of the membrane reactor under various operating conditions using this model to identify the reaction/transport-limiting side of the overall process.The most effective solar membrane reactor configuration utilizes natural gas and CO_(2),facilitating clean conversion of fossil fuels with significant advantages in fuel production and energy efficiency.Introducing CH_4 lowers the overall reaction temperature,maintains low oxygen partial pressure on the sweep side,and produces a synthesis gas with a 2:1 H_2/CO molar ratio.Finally,a sensitivity analysis was used to explore the relationship between overall fuel production performance and operational parameters,highlighting the critical role of this research in enhancing the reaction and transport performance of membrane reactors and advancing the development of solar-driven thermochemical fuel production technologies.
基金supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.LQ23F050006,LQ21E020005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52002365).
文摘Ultra-thin electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbers present challenging demands on EMW absorption performance.Drawing inspiration from heather leaf structures,this study introduces an innovative design strategy for EMW absorbing material,proposing biomimetic leaf SnO_(2) structures(bio-SnO_(2))on carbon fabric(CF).By employing leaf-shaped SnS2 as precursors,biomimetic leaf SnO_(2) nanostructures are constructed on CF surface after a simple thermal treatment,resulting in bio-SnO_(2)@CF composite.Experimental results indicate that bio-SnO_(2)@CF exhibits an exceptional minimum reflection loss of-54.8 dB at an incredibly thin thickness of 1.2 mm.Radar cross section(RCS)simulations further validate the outstanding EMW attenuation ability of bio-SnO_(2)@CF,attaining a maximum RCS reduction value of 16.9 dBm^(2) at an incident wave angle ofθ=0°.This novel research showcases the biomimetic structural design strategy and its remarkable function in enhancing the EMW absorbing performance at ultra-thin absorber thickness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12274386 and 52002365)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.LQ23F050006,LY21F050006,and LQ21E020005)+1 种基金Key R&D Project of Zhejiang Province(No.2021C01179)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFF0600203)。
文摘The pandemic of respiratory diseases enlightened people that monitoring respiration has promising prospects in averting many fatalities by tracking the development of diseases.However,the response speed of current optical fiber sensors is still insufficient to meet the requirements of high-frequency respiratory detection during respiratory failure.Here,a scheme for a fast and stable tachypnea monitor is proposed utilizing a water-soluble C_(60)-Lys ion compound as functional material for the tracking of humidity change in the progression of breath.The polarization of C_(60)-Lys can be tuned by the ambient relative humidity change,and an apparent refractive index alteration can be detected due to the small size effect.In our experiments,C_(60)-Lys is conformally and uniformly deposited on the surface of a tilted fiber Bragg grating(TFBG)to fabricate an ultra-fast-response,high-sensitivity,and long-term stable optical fiber humidity sensor.A relative humidity(RH)detecting sensitivity of 0.080 dB/%RH and the equilibrium response time and recovery time of 1.85 s and 1.58 s are observed,respectively.Also,a linear relation is detected between the resonance intensity of the TFBG and the environment RH.In a practical breath monitoring experiment,the instantaneous response time and recovery time are measured as 40 ms and 41 ms,respectively,during a 1.5 Hz fast breath process.Furthermore,an excellent time stability and high repeatability are exhibited in experiments conducted over a range of 7 days.
