Integrating multisensory inputs to generate accurate perception and guide behavior is among the most critical functions of the brain.Subcortical regions such as the amygdala are involved in sensory processing includin...Integrating multisensory inputs to generate accurate perception and guide behavior is among the most critical functions of the brain.Subcortical regions such as the amygdala are involved in sensory processing including vision and audition,yet their roles in multisensory integration remain unclear.In this study,we systematically investigated the function of neurons in the amygdala and adjacent regions in integrating audiovisual sensory inputs using a semi-chronic multi-electrode array and multiple combinations of audiovisual stimuli.From a sample of 332 neurons,we showed the diverse response patterns to audiovisual stimuli and the neural characteristics of bimodal over unimodal modulation,which could be classified into four types with differentiated regional origins.Using the hierarchical clustering method,neurons were further clustered into five groups and associated with different integrating functions and sub-regions.Finally,regions distinguishing congruent and incongruent bimodal sensory inputs were identified.Overall,visual processing dominates audiovisual integration in the amygdala and adjacent regions.Our findings shed new light on the neural mechanisms of multisensory integration in the primate brain.展开更多
On 2019-03-04,the largest induced earthquake(ML4.18)occurred in the East Shale Basin,Alberta,and the underlying physical mechanisms have not been fully understood.This paper proposes a synthetical geoengineering metho...On 2019-03-04,the largest induced earthquake(ML4.18)occurred in the East Shale Basin,Alberta,and the underlying physical mechanisms have not been fully understood.This paper proposes a synthetical geoengineering methodology to comprehensively characterize this earthquake caused by hydraulic fracturing.Based on 3D structural,petrophysical,and geomechanical models,an unconventional fracture model is constructed by considering the stress shadow between adjacent hydraulic fractures and the interactions between hydraulic and natural fractures.Coupled poroelastic simulations are conducted to reveal the triggering mechanisms of induced seismicity.It is found that four vertical basement-rooted faults were identified via focal mechanisms analysis.The brittleness index(BI)along two horizontal wells has a high magnitude(BI>0.5),indicating the potential susceptibility of rock brittleness.Due to the presence of overpressure,pre-existing faults in the Duvernay Formation are highly susceptible to fault reactivation.The occurrence of the earthquake clusters has been attributed to the fracturing fluid injection during the west 38^(th)-39^(th) stage and east 38^(th) stage completions.Rock brittleness,formation overpressure,and large fracturing job size account for the nucleation of earthquake clusters,and unconventional natural-hydraulic fracture networks provide fluid flow pathways to cause fault reactivation.This workflow can be used to mitigate potential seismic risks in unconventional reservoirs in other fields.展开更多
A comprehensive dataset from 594 fracturing wells throughout the Duvernay Formation near Fox Creek, Alberta, is collected to quantify the influences of geological, geomechanical, and operational features on the distri...A comprehensive dataset from 594 fracturing wells throughout the Duvernay Formation near Fox Creek, Alberta, is collected to quantify the influences of geological, geomechanical, and operational features on the distribution and magnitude of hydraulic fracturing-induced seismicity. An integrated machine learning-based investigation is conducted to systematically evaluate multiple factors that contribute to induced seismicity. Feature importance indicates that a distance to fault, a distance to basement, minimum principal stress, cumulative fluid injection, initial formation pressure, and the number of fracturing stages are among significant model predictors. Our seismicity prediction map matches the observed spatial seismicity, and the prediction model successfully guides the fracturing job size of a new well to reduce seismicity risks. This study can apply to mitigating potential seismicity risks in other seismicity-frequent regions.展开更多
Co-infection with hepatitis B virus(HBV)and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)is common as the modes of disease transmission are similar.HIV affects the development of chronic HBV infection,leading to higher HBV DNA le...Co-infection with hepatitis B virus(HBV)and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)is common as the modes of disease transmission are similar.HIV affects the development of chronic HBV infection,leading to higher HBV DNA levels,cirrhosis,and end-stage liver duisease,and potentially leading to hepatocellular carcinoma.One of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in HIV-infected individualsis liver disease,despite the administration of antiretroviral therapy for HIV and HBV.Thus,the screening and follow-up of co-infected patients are vital formonitoring of liver disease progression.This study reviews the natural history and pathogenesis of liver disease in the context of HBV/HIV co-infection,current treatments for HBV in patients with HIV,and treatment outcomes in coinfected individuals.展开更多
Investigating ecological interactions within microbial ecosystems is essential for enhancing our comprehension of key ecological issues,such as community stability,keystone species identification,and the manipulation ...Investigating ecological interactions within microbial ecosystems is essential for enhancing our comprehension of key ecological issues,such as community stability,keystone species identification,and the manipulation of community structures.However,exploring these interactions proves challenging within complex natural ecosys-tems.With advances in synthetic biology,the design of synthetic microbial ecosystems has received increasing attention due to their reduced complexity and enhanced controllability.Various ecological relationships,includ-ing commensalism,amensalism,mutualism,competition,and predation have been established within synthetic ecosystems.These relationships are often context-dependent and shaped by physical and chemical environmental factors,as well as by interacting populations and surrounding species.This review consolidates current knowl-edge of synthetic microbial ecosystems and factors influencing their ecological dynamics.A deeper understanding of how these ecosystems function and respond to different variables will advance our understanding of microbial-community interactions.展开更多
Background:Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)clearance is vital for a functional cure of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.However,the incidence and predictors of HBsAg seroclearance in patients co-infected with HBV and...Background:Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)clearance is vital for a functional cure of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.However,the incidence and predictors of HBsAg seroclearance in patients co-infected with HBV and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)remain largely unknown in Guangdong,China.Methods:Between 2009 and 2019,patients co-infected with HBV/HIV undergoing antiretroviral therapy(ART)in Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University were retrospectively reviewed with the endpoint on December 31,2020.The incidence and risk factors for HBsAg seroclearance were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses.Results:A total of 1550 HBV/HIV co-infected patients were included in the study,with the median age of 42 years and 86.0%(1333/1550)males.Further,98.3%(1524/1550)received ART containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF)plus lamivudine(3TC).HBV DNA was examined in 1283 cases at the last follow-up.Over the median 4.7 years of follow-up,8.1%(126/1550)patients achieved HBsAg seroclearance,among whom 50.8%(64/126)obtained hepatitis B surface antibody,28.1%(137/488)acquired hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion,and 95.9%(1231/1283)undetectable HBV DNA.Compared with patients who maintained HBsAg positive,cases achieving HBsAg seroclearance showed no differences in age,gender,CD4+T cell count,alanine aminotransferase(ALT)level,or fibrosis status;however,they presented lower HBV DNA levels,lower HBsAg levels,and higher rates of HBV genotype B at the baseline.Multivariate analysis showed that baseline HBsAg<1500 cutoff index(COI)(adjusted hazard ratio[aHR],2.74,95%confidence interval[95%CI]:1.48-5.09),ALT elevation>2×upper limit of normal during the first six months after receiving ART(aHR,2.96,95%CI:1.53-5.77),and HBV genotype B(aHR,3.73,95%CI:1.46-9.59)were independent predictors for HBsAg seroclearance(all P<0.01).Conclusions:Long-term TDF-containing ART has high anti-HBV efficacy including relatively high overall HBsAg seroclearance in HBV/HIV co-infected patients.Lower baseline HBsAg levels,HBV genotype B,and elevated ALT levels during the first six months of ART are potential predictors of HBsAg seroclearance.展开更多
The monkeypox(mpox)virus has caused worldwide transmission since its initial report in England in early May 2022.Available data from the World Health Organization(WHO)show that Europe and the Americas experienced a hu...The monkeypox(mpox)virus has caused worldwide transmission since its initial report in England in early May 2022.Available data from the World Health Organization(WHO)show that Europe and the Americas experienced a huge wave of mpox virus infection.Now the number of infected cases is on the rise in Asia.Several sporadic infections have been reported in China.In this study,we obtained high‐quality whole viral genomic sequences using a mpox virus‐specific amplicon‐based sequencing strategy.Our analysis of the phylogenomic characteristics indicated that all eight mpox virus sequences from Guangzhou belonged to the clade IIb lineage B.1.3 cluster.However,we could not locate the exact origins where the virus was imported,based on all the available mpox virus sequences from the Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data(GISAID)database(https://gisaid.org/),except for their closest sequence similarity to that was reported from Japan.Novel amino acid mutations were found among the eight cases,suggesting that a local transmission may have occurred in Guangzhou,China.展开更多
Dear Editor,Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a novel infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Compared with previous variants,Omicron strains are more easily transmi...Dear Editor,Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a novel infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Compared with previous variants,Omicron strains are more easily transmissible,have a greater ability to evade the human immune response,and are characterized as naturally virulence attenuated.1 During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic,it became apparent that children were less easily infected than adults.展开更多
Immunosuppressive myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment(TME)inhibit T-cell-mediated immune response and promote tumor progression.Therapeutically targeting both tumor cells and myeloid cells such as myeloid-deri...Immunosuppressive myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment(TME)inhibit T-cell-mediated immune response and promote tumor progression.Therapeutically targeting both tumor cells and myeloid cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs),is expected to promote antitumor immunity.Gemcitabine(Gem)can serve as a chemotherapeutic drug and a MDSCdepleting agent.Aberrant activation of STAT3 promotes tumor cell growth and orchestrates the immunosuppressive activity of tumor-associated myeloid cells.Here we describe a strategy to kill tumor cells as well as inhibit the expansion and suppressive function of myeloid cells through the systemic delivery of gemcitabine monophosphate(GMP)and STAT3 siRNA(siSTAT3).To enhance their in vivo delivery efficiency,we formulate GMP and siSTAT3 into a lipid-coated calcium phosphate(LCP)nanoparticle and a liposome-protamine-hyaluronic acid(LPH)nanoparticle,respectively.Compared to the control and monotherapy groups,combined GMP and siSTAT3 nanoparticles effectively induced tumor cell death,downregulated a wide range of pro-tumor signaling pathways and immunosuppressive mediators,eliminated MDSCs,enhanced T cell effector functions in tumors and lymphoid compartments,and led to superior therapeutic efficacy in a syngeneic mouse melanoma model.Additionally,these nanoparticles can serve as adjuvant treatment to improve the therapeutic response of anti-PD-1-based immune checkpoint blockade therapy.Thus,the combination of gemcitabine chemotherapy and STAT3 inhibition through nanotechnology could effectively kill tumor cells,alleviate the immunosuppressive TME,and enhance endogenous antitumor immunity.展开更多
Dear Editor,In the era of big data and artificial intelligence,"smart breeding"has become a broad conceptual framework encompassing the paradigm shift of crop breeding to relying on analysis of high-throughp...Dear Editor,In the era of big data and artificial intelligence,"smart breeding"has become a broad conceptual framework encompassing the paradigm shift of crop breeding to relying on analysis of high-throughput population genetics and phenomics data to conduct genomic selection,allowing identification and optimal use of the genetic potential in crop species(Xiao et al.,2022;Xu et al.,2022;Wang et al.,2023).Most existing tools for analyzing high-throughput breeding data require extensive computational power,complex installation processes,and command-line expertise and are therefore challenging and inconvenient for the majority of researchers and breeders(Brandies and Hogg,2021).展开更多
Although the genetic algorithm has been widely used in the polarity optimization of mixed polarity Reed- Muller （MPRM） logic circuits, few studies have taken into account the polarity conversion sequence. In order t...Although the genetic algorithm has been widely used in the polarity optimization of mixed polarity Reed- Muller （MPRM） logic circuits, few studies have taken into account the polarity conversion sequence. In order to im- prove the efficiency of polarity optimization of MPRM logic circuits, we propose an efficient and fast polarity optimiza- tion approach （FPOA） considering the polarity conversion se- quence. The main idea behind the FPOA is that, firstly, the best polarity conversion sequence of the polarity set wait- ing for evaluation is obtained by using the proposed hybrid genetic algorithm （HGA）; secondly, each of polarity in the polarity set is converted according to the best polarity con- version sequence obtained by HGA. Our proposed FPOA is implemented in C and a comparative analysis has been pre- sented for MCNC benchmark circuits. The experimental re- suits show that for the circuits with more variables, the FPOA is highly effective in improving the efficiency of polarity op- timization of MPRM logic circuits compared with the tradi- tional polarity optimization approach which neglects the po- larity conversion sequence and the improved polarity opti- mization approach with heuristic technique.展开更多
The power and area optimization of Reed-Muller （RM） circuits has been widely concerned. However, almost none of the exiting power and area optimization approaches can obtain all the Pareto optimal solutions of the o...The power and area optimization of Reed-Muller （RM） circuits has been widely concerned. However, almost none of the exiting power and area optimization approaches can obtain all the Pareto optimal solutions of the original problem and are efficient enough. Moreover, they have not considered the don＇t care terms, which makes the circuit performance unable to be further optimized. In this paper, we propose a power and area optimization approach of mixed polarity RM expression （MPRM） for incompletely specified Boolean functions based on Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II （NSGA-II）. Firstly, the incompletely specified Boolean function is transformed into zero polarity incompletely specified MPRM （ISMPRM） by using a novel ISMPRM acquisition algorithm. Secondly, the polarity and allocation of don＇t care terms of ISMPRM is encoded as chromosome. Lastly, the Pareto optimal solutions are obtained by using NSGA-II, in which MPRM corresponding to the given chromosome is obtained by using a chromosome conversion algorithm. The results on incompletely specified Boolean functions and MCNC benchmark circuits show that a significant power and area improvement can be made compared with the existing power and area optimization approaches of RM circuits.展开更多
Delay optimization has recently attracted signif-icant attention. However, few studies have focused on the delay optimization of mixed-polarity Reed-Muller (MPRM) logic circuits. In this paper, we propose an efficient...Delay optimization has recently attracted signif-icant attention. However, few studies have focused on the delay optimization of mixed-polarity Reed-Muller (MPRM) logic circuits. In this paper, we propose an efficient delay op-timization approach (EDOA) for MPRM logic circuits under the unit delay model, which can derive an optimal MPRM logic circuit with minimum delay. First, the simplest MPRM expression with the fewest number of product terms is ob-tained using a novel Reed-Muller expression simplification approach (RMESA) considering don't-care terms. Second, a minimum delay decomposition approach based on a Huffman tree construction algorithm is utilized on the simplest MPRM expression. Experimental results on MCNC benchmark cir-cuits demonstrate that compared to the Berkeley SIS 1.2 and ABC, the EDOA can significantly reduce delay for most cir-cuits. Furthermore, for a few circuits, while reducing delay, the EDOA incurs an area penalty.展开更多
Consciousness lies at the heart of our existence and experience.To probe how perceptual consciousness emerges in the brain,we recorded brainwide intracranial electroencephalography signals from human patients while th...Consciousness lies at the heart of our existence and experience.To probe how perceptual consciousness emerges in the brain,we recorded brainwide intracranial electroencephalography signals from human patients while their perceptual consciousness was effectively manipulated using the continuous flash suppression paradigm.We observed substantial differences in brain activities when visual information gradually enters consciousness.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2017 and 31830037)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2020A1515010785,2020A1515111118,and 2022A1515010134)+5 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2017120)the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions(NYKFKT2019009)Shenzhen Technological Research Center for Primate Translational Medicine(F-2021-Z99-504979)the Strategic Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDBS01030100 and XDB32010300)Scientific and Technological Innovation 2030(2021ZD0204300)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Integrating multisensory inputs to generate accurate perception and guide behavior is among the most critical functions of the brain.Subcortical regions such as the amygdala are involved in sensory processing including vision and audition,yet their roles in multisensory integration remain unclear.In this study,we systematically investigated the function of neurons in the amygdala and adjacent regions in integrating audiovisual sensory inputs using a semi-chronic multi-electrode array and multiple combinations of audiovisual stimuli.From a sample of 332 neurons,we showed the diverse response patterns to audiovisual stimuli and the neural characteristics of bimodal over unimodal modulation,which could be classified into four types with differentiated regional origins.Using the hierarchical clustering method,neurons were further clustered into five groups and associated with different integrating functions and sub-regions.Finally,regions distinguishing congruent and incongruent bimodal sensory inputs were identified.Overall,visual processing dominates audiovisual integration in the amygdala and adjacent regions.Our findings shed new light on the neural mechanisms of multisensory integration in the primate brain.
基金This research was supported by Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(No.2462023BJRC001)National Natural Science Foundation of China Project(No.52204039).
文摘On 2019-03-04,the largest induced earthquake(ML4.18)occurred in the East Shale Basin,Alberta,and the underlying physical mechanisms have not been fully understood.This paper proposes a synthetical geoengineering methodology to comprehensively characterize this earthquake caused by hydraulic fracturing.Based on 3D structural,petrophysical,and geomechanical models,an unconventional fracture model is constructed by considering the stress shadow between adjacent hydraulic fractures and the interactions between hydraulic and natural fractures.Coupled poroelastic simulations are conducted to reveal the triggering mechanisms of induced seismicity.It is found that four vertical basement-rooted faults were identified via focal mechanisms analysis.The brittleness index(BI)along two horizontal wells has a high magnitude(BI>0.5),indicating the potential susceptibility of rock brittleness.Due to the presence of overpressure,pre-existing faults in the Duvernay Formation are highly susceptible to fault reactivation.The occurrence of the earthquake clusters has been attributed to the fracturing fluid injection during the west 38^(th)-39^(th) stage and east 38^(th) stage completions.Rock brittleness,formation overpressure,and large fracturing job size account for the nucleation of earthquake clusters,and unconventional natural-hydraulic fracture networks provide fluid flow pathways to cause fault reactivation.This workflow can be used to mitigate potential seismic risks in unconventional reservoirs in other fields.
基金This research has been made possible by contributions from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(NSERC)/Energi Simulation Industrial Research Chair in Reservoir Simulation and the Alberta Innovates(iCore)Chair in Reservoir ModelingThis research was supported by the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(No.2462023BJRC001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Joint Fund Key Support Project(No.U19B6003).
文摘A comprehensive dataset from 594 fracturing wells throughout the Duvernay Formation near Fox Creek, Alberta, is collected to quantify the influences of geological, geomechanical, and operational features on the distribution and magnitude of hydraulic fracturing-induced seismicity. An integrated machine learning-based investigation is conducted to systematically evaluate multiple factors that contribute to induced seismicity. Feature importance indicates that a distance to fault, a distance to basement, minimum principal stress, cumulative fluid injection, initial formation pressure, and the number of fracturing stages are among significant model predictors. Our seismicity prediction map matches the observed spatial seismicity, and the prediction model successfully guides the fracturing job size of a new well to reduce seismicity risks. This study can apply to mitigating potential seismicity risks in other seismicity-frequent regions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2304800)Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou(2023A03J0792,2024A03J0880)+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515220160)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82072265).
文摘Co-infection with hepatitis B virus(HBV)and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)is common as the modes of disease transmission are similar.HIV affects the development of chronic HBV infection,leading to higher HBV DNA levels,cirrhosis,and end-stage liver duisease,and potentially leading to hepatocellular carcinoma.One of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in HIV-infected individualsis liver disease,despite the administration of antiretroviral therapy for HIV and HBV.Thus,the screening and follow-up of co-infected patients are vital formonitoring of liver disease progression.This study reviews the natural history and pathogenesis of liver disease in the context of HBV/HIV co-infection,current treatments for HBV in patients with HIV,and treatment outcomes in coinfected individuals.
基金supported by the Hainan Province Science and Tech-nology Special Fund(ZDYF2024XDNY164)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32470065,31971336)+4 种基金Shandong Provincial Nat-ural Science Foundation(ZR2022QC222)Shandong Province Medical and Health Science and Technology Project(202404070807)Science and Technology Development Program of Jinan Municipal Health Com-mission(2024102001)Youth Science Foundation of Shandong First Medical University(202201-132)Talent Introduction of Jinan Cen-tral Hospital(YJRC2022002).
文摘Investigating ecological interactions within microbial ecosystems is essential for enhancing our comprehension of key ecological issues,such as community stability,keystone species identification,and the manipulation of community structures.However,exploring these interactions proves challenging within complex natural ecosys-tems.With advances in synthetic biology,the design of synthetic microbial ecosystems has received increasing attention due to their reduced complexity and enhanced controllability.Various ecological relationships,includ-ing commensalism,amensalism,mutualism,competition,and predation have been established within synthetic ecosystems.These relationships are often context-dependent and shaped by physical and chemical environmental factors,as well as by interacting populations and surrounding species.This review consolidates current knowl-edge of synthetic microbial ecosystems and factors influencing their ecological dynamics.A deeper understanding of how these ecosystems function and respond to different variables will advance our understanding of microbial-community interactions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2304800)Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou(Nos.2023A03J0792,20220020285)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82072265)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(No.202102020074)Medical Key Discipline Program of Guangzhou-Viral Infectious Diseases(No.2021-2023)
文摘Background:Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)clearance is vital for a functional cure of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.However,the incidence and predictors of HBsAg seroclearance in patients co-infected with HBV and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)remain largely unknown in Guangdong,China.Methods:Between 2009 and 2019,patients co-infected with HBV/HIV undergoing antiretroviral therapy(ART)in Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University were retrospectively reviewed with the endpoint on December 31,2020.The incidence and risk factors for HBsAg seroclearance were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses.Results:A total of 1550 HBV/HIV co-infected patients were included in the study,with the median age of 42 years and 86.0%(1333/1550)males.Further,98.3%(1524/1550)received ART containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF)plus lamivudine(3TC).HBV DNA was examined in 1283 cases at the last follow-up.Over the median 4.7 years of follow-up,8.1%(126/1550)patients achieved HBsAg seroclearance,among whom 50.8%(64/126)obtained hepatitis B surface antibody,28.1%(137/488)acquired hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion,and 95.9%(1231/1283)undetectable HBV DNA.Compared with patients who maintained HBsAg positive,cases achieving HBsAg seroclearance showed no differences in age,gender,CD4+T cell count,alanine aminotransferase(ALT)level,or fibrosis status;however,they presented lower HBV DNA levels,lower HBsAg levels,and higher rates of HBV genotype B at the baseline.Multivariate analysis showed that baseline HBsAg<1500 cutoff index(COI)(adjusted hazard ratio[aHR],2.74,95%confidence interval[95%CI]:1.48-5.09),ALT elevation>2×upper limit of normal during the first six months after receiving ART(aHR,2.96,95%CI:1.53-5.77),and HBV genotype B(aHR,3.73,95%CI:1.46-9.59)were independent predictors for HBsAg seroclearance(all P<0.01).Conclusions:Long-term TDF-containing ART has high anti-HBV efficacy including relatively high overall HBsAg seroclearance in HBV/HIV co-infected patients.Lower baseline HBsAg levels,HBV genotype B,and elevated ALT levels during the first six months of ART are potential predictors of HBsAg seroclearance.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3041500).
文摘The monkeypox(mpox)virus has caused worldwide transmission since its initial report in England in early May 2022.Available data from the World Health Organization(WHO)show that Europe and the Americas experienced a huge wave of mpox virus infection.Now the number of infected cases is on the rise in Asia.Several sporadic infections have been reported in China.In this study,we obtained high‐quality whole viral genomic sequences using a mpox virus‐specific amplicon‐based sequencing strategy.Our analysis of the phylogenomic characteristics indicated that all eight mpox virus sequences from Guangzhou belonged to the clade IIb lineage B.1.3 cluster.However,we could not locate the exact origins where the virus was imported,based on all the available mpox virus sequences from the Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data(GISAID)database(https://gisaid.org/),except for their closest sequence similarity to that was reported from Japan.Novel amino acid mutations were found among the eight cases,suggesting that a local transmission may have occurred in Guangzhou,China.
基金supported by the Emergency Grants for SARS-CoV-2 Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province (2021A1111110002).
文摘Dear Editor,Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a novel infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Compared with previous variants,Omicron strains are more easily transmissible,have a greater ability to evade the human immune response,and are characterized as naturally virulence attenuated.1 During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic,it became apparent that children were less easily infected than adults.
基金supported by the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2020A1515111204)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2020ZYGXZR099)the Recruitment Program of Global Experts,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82172080)。
文摘Immunosuppressive myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment(TME)inhibit T-cell-mediated immune response and promote tumor progression.Therapeutically targeting both tumor cells and myeloid cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs),is expected to promote antitumor immunity.Gemcitabine(Gem)can serve as a chemotherapeutic drug and a MDSCdepleting agent.Aberrant activation of STAT3 promotes tumor cell growth and orchestrates the immunosuppressive activity of tumor-associated myeloid cells.Here we describe a strategy to kill tumor cells as well as inhibit the expansion and suppressive function of myeloid cells through the systemic delivery of gemcitabine monophosphate(GMP)and STAT3 siRNA(siSTAT3).To enhance their in vivo delivery efficiency,we formulate GMP and siSTAT3 into a lipid-coated calcium phosphate(LCP)nanoparticle and a liposome-protamine-hyaluronic acid(LPH)nanoparticle,respectively.Compared to the control and monotherapy groups,combined GMP and siSTAT3 nanoparticles effectively induced tumor cell death,downregulated a wide range of pro-tumor signaling pathways and immunosuppressive mediators,eliminated MDSCs,enhanced T cell effector functions in tumors and lymphoid compartments,and led to superior therapeutic efficacy in a syngeneic mouse melanoma model.Additionally,these nanoparticles can serve as adjuvant treatment to improve the therapeutic response of anti-PD-1-based immune checkpoint blockade therapy.Thus,the combination of gemcitabine chemotherapy and STAT3 inhibition through nanotechnology could effectively kill tumor cells,alleviate the immunosuppressive TME,and enhance endogenous antitumor immunity.
基金supported by the Alibaba Foundation,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32188102 and 32361143514)the Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,and the Project of Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab(B21HJ0223).
文摘Dear Editor,In the era of big data and artificial intelligence,"smart breeding"has become a broad conceptual framework encompassing the paradigm shift of crop breeding to relying on analysis of high-throughput population genetics and phenomics data to conduct genomic selection,allowing identification and optimal use of the genetic potential in crop species(Xiao et al.,2022;Xu et al.,2022;Wang et al.,2023).Most existing tools for analyzing high-throughput breeding data require extensive computational power,complex installation processes,and command-line expertise and are therefore challenging and inconvenient for the majority of researchers and breeders(Brandies and Hogg,2021).
文摘Although the genetic algorithm has been widely used in the polarity optimization of mixed polarity Reed- Muller （MPRM） logic circuits, few studies have taken into account the polarity conversion sequence. In order to im- prove the efficiency of polarity optimization of MPRM logic circuits, we propose an efficient and fast polarity optimiza- tion approach （FPOA） considering the polarity conversion se- quence. The main idea behind the FPOA is that, firstly, the best polarity conversion sequence of the polarity set wait- ing for evaluation is obtained by using the proposed hybrid genetic algorithm （HGA）; secondly, each of polarity in the polarity set is converted according to the best polarity con- version sequence obtained by HGA. Our proposed FPOA is implemented in C and a comparative analysis has been pre- sented for MCNC benchmark circuits. The experimental re- suits show that for the circuits with more variables, the FPOA is highly effective in improving the efficiency of polarity op- timization of MPRM logic circuits compared with the tradi- tional polarity optimization approach which neglects the po- larity conversion sequence and the improved polarity opti- mization approach with heuristic technique.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 60973106, 61370059, 61232009, and 81571142, Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant No. 4152030, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China under Grant Nos. YWF-15-CJSYS-085 and YWF-14-JSJXY-14, the Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture of China under Grant No. CARCH201507, the Open Project Program of National Engineering Research Center for Science and Technology Resources Sharing Service （Beihang University）, and the Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment of China under Grant No. SKLSDE-2016ZX-15.
文摘The power and area optimization of Reed-Muller （RM） circuits has been widely concerned. However, almost none of the exiting power and area optimization approaches can obtain all the Pareto optimal solutions of the original problem and are efficient enough. Moreover, they have not considered the don＇t care terms, which makes the circuit performance unable to be further optimized. In this paper, we propose a power and area optimization approach of mixed polarity RM expression （MPRM） for incompletely specified Boolean functions based on Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II （NSGA-II）. Firstly, the incompletely specified Boolean function is transformed into zero polarity incompletely specified MPRM （ISMPRM） by using a novel ISMPRM acquisition algorithm. Secondly, the polarity and allocation of don＇t care terms of ISMPRM is encoded as chromosome. Lastly, the Pareto optimal solutions are obtained by using NSGA-II, in which MPRM corresponding to the given chromosome is obtained by using a chromosome conversion algorithm. The results on incompletely specified Boolean functions and MCNC benchmark circuits show that a significant power and area improvement can be made compared with the existing power and area optimization approaches of RM circuits.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61370059 and 61232009)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (4152030), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (YWF-15-GJSYS-085, YWF-14-JSJXY-14)+1 种基金Open Project Program of National Engineering Research Center for Science & Technology Resources Sharing Service (Beihang University), the fund of the State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture (CARCH201507)the fund of the State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment (SKLSDE-2016ZX-13).
文摘Delay optimization has recently attracted signif-icant attention. However, few studies have focused on the delay optimization of mixed-polarity Reed-Muller (MPRM) logic circuits. In this paper, we propose an efficient delay op-timization approach (EDOA) for MPRM logic circuits under the unit delay model, which can derive an optimal MPRM logic circuit with minimum delay. First, the simplest MPRM expression with the fewest number of product terms is ob-tained using a novel Reed-Muller expression simplification approach (RMESA) considering don't-care terms. Second, a minimum delay decomposition approach based on a Huffman tree construction algorithm is utilized on the simplest MPRM expression. Experimental results on MCNC benchmark cir-cuits demonstrate that compared to the Berkeley SIS 1.2 and ABC, the EDOA can significantly reduce delay for most cir-cuits. Furthermore, for a few circuits, while reducing delay, the EDOA incurs an area penalty.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3501202 and 2019YFB2005800)the Science Center of the National Science Foundation of China(52088101)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51871019,52171170,52130103,51961145305,and 51971026)the 111 Project(B170003)。
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2017,31830037)the Science and Technology Funds of Guangdong Province(2020A1515111118,2022A1515010134)+2 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2017120)the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions(NYKFKT2019009)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDBS01030100,XDB32010300),the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2021ZD0203800),and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Consciousness lies at the heart of our existence and experience.To probe how perceptual consciousness emerges in the brain,we recorded brainwide intracranial electroencephalography signals from human patients while their perceptual consciousness was effectively manipulated using the continuous flash suppression paradigm.We observed substantial differences in brain activities when visual information gradually enters consciousness.
