Background:The aim was to explore the effect of macrophage polarization and macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition(MMT)in silicosis.Methods:Male Wistar rats were divided into a control group and a silicosis group deve...Background:The aim was to explore the effect of macrophage polarization and macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition(MMT)in silicosis.Methods:Male Wistar rats were divided into a control group and a silicosis group developed using a HOPE MED 8050 dynamic automatic dusting system.Murine mac-rophage MH-S cells were randomly divided into a control group and an SiO_(2) group.The pathological changes in lung tissue were observed using hematoxylin and eosin(HE)and Van Gieson(VG)staining.The distribution and location of macrophage marker(F4/80),M1 macrophage marker(iNOS),M2 macrophage marker(CD206),and myofibroblast marker(α-smooth muscle actin[α-SMA])were detected using immu-nohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining.The expression changes in iNOS,Arg,α-SMA,vimentin,and type I collagen(Col I)were measured using Western blot.Results:The results of HE and VG staining showed obvious silicon nodule formation and the distribution of thick collagen fibers in the lung tissue of the silicosis group.Macrophage marker F4/80 increased gradually from 8 to 32 weeks after exposure to silica.Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining results revealed that there were more iNOS-positive cells and some CD206-positive cells in the lung tissue of the silicosis group at 8 weeks.More CD206-positive cells were found in the silicon nodules of the lung tissues in the silicosis group at 32 weeks.Western blot analysis showed that the expressions of Inducible nitric oxide synthase and Arg protein in the lung tissues of the silicosis group were upregulated compared with those of the con-trol group.The results of immunofluorescence staining showed the co-expression of F4/80,α-SMA,and Col I,and CD206 andα-SMA were co-expressed in the lung tissue of the silicosis group.The extracted rat alveolar lavage fluid revealed F4/80+α-SMA+,CD206+α-SMA+,and F4/80+α-SMA+Col I+cells using immunofluorescence staining.Similar results were also found in MH-S cells induced by SiO_(2).Conclusions:The development of silicosis is accompanied by macrophage polarization and MMT.展开更多
With the number of social media users ramping up,microblogs are generated and shared at record levels.The high momentum and large volumes of short texts bring redundancies and noises,in which the users and analysts of...With the number of social media users ramping up,microblogs are generated and shared at record levels.The high momentum and large volumes of short texts bring redundancies and noises,in which the users and analysts often find it problematic to elicit useful information of interest.In this paper,we study a query-focused summarization as a solution to address this issue and propose a novel summarization framework to generate personalized online summaries and historical summaries of arbitrary time durations.Our framework can deal with dynamic,perpetual,and large-scale microblogging streams.Specifically,we propose an online microblogging stream clustering algorithm to cluster microblogs and maintain distilled statistics called Microblog Cluster Vectors(MCV).Then we develop a ranking method to extract the most representative sentences relative to the query from the MCVs and generate a query-focused summary of arbitrary time durations.Our experiments on large-scale real microblogs demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our approach.展开更多
What kind of person is the root of education?What kind of person embodies the essence of education and the direction of education?The goal of education cannot be solved without specific courses and disciplines.This st...What kind of person is the root of education?What kind of person embodies the essence of education and the direction of education?The goal of education cannot be solved without specific courses and disciplines.This study is carried out to characterize the Chinese curriculum standards(syllabus),review the founding of New China over 70 years of primary school Chinese curriculum,and outline an education picture from the“curriculum”itself to“individual students,”from“single”to“compound,”and from“present”to“future.”It has been concluded that the pursuit of national characteristics,the exploration of a wholesome personality,and the prospect of new people of the times are the internal evolution logics of primary school Chinese education.展开更多
Fibroblasts(mouse,NIH/3T3)are combined with MDA-MB-231 cells to accelerate the formation and improve the reproducibility of 3D cellular structures printed with magnetic assistance.Fibroblasts and MDA-MB-231 cells are ...Fibroblasts(mouse,NIH/3T3)are combined with MDA-MB-231 cells to accelerate the formation and improve the reproducibility of 3D cellular structures printed with magnetic assistance.Fibroblasts and MDA-MB-231 cells are cocultured to produce 12.5:87.5,25:75,and 50:50 total population mixtures.These mixtures are suspended in a cell medium containing a paramagnetic salt,Gd-DTPA,which increases the magnetic susceptibility of the medium with respect to the cells.A 3D monotypic MDA-MB-231 cellular structure is printed within 24 hours with magnetic assistance,whereas it takes 48 hours to form a similar structure through gravitational settling alone.The maximum projected areas and circularities,and cellular ATP levels of the printed structures are measured for 336 hours.Increasing the relative amounts of the fibroblasts mixed with the MDA-MB-231 cells decreases the time taken to form the structures and improves their reproducibility.Structures produced through gravitational settling have larger maximum projected areas and cellular ATP,but are deemed less reproducible.The distribution of individual cell lines in the cocultured 3D cellular structures shows that printing with magnetic assistance yields 3D cellular structures that resemble in vivo tumors more closely than those formed through gravitational settling.The results validate our hypothesis that(1)fibroblasts act as a“glue”that supports the formation of 3D cellular structures,and(2)the structures are produced more rapidly and with greater reproducibility with magnetically assisted printing than through gravitational settling alone.Printing of 3D cellular structures with magnetic assistance has applications relevant to drug discovery,lab-on-chip devices,and tissue engineering.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.82204006)the Science and Technology of Project of Hebei Education Department(QN2022009)+1 种基金the Provincial Graduate Student Innovation Funding Project of Hebei Province(CXZZBS2022104)the National Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(H2020209292).
文摘Background:The aim was to explore the effect of macrophage polarization and macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition(MMT)in silicosis.Methods:Male Wistar rats were divided into a control group and a silicosis group developed using a HOPE MED 8050 dynamic automatic dusting system.Murine mac-rophage MH-S cells were randomly divided into a control group and an SiO_(2) group.The pathological changes in lung tissue were observed using hematoxylin and eosin(HE)and Van Gieson(VG)staining.The distribution and location of macrophage marker(F4/80),M1 macrophage marker(iNOS),M2 macrophage marker(CD206),and myofibroblast marker(α-smooth muscle actin[α-SMA])were detected using immu-nohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining.The expression changes in iNOS,Arg,α-SMA,vimentin,and type I collagen(Col I)were measured using Western blot.Results:The results of HE and VG staining showed obvious silicon nodule formation and the distribution of thick collagen fibers in the lung tissue of the silicosis group.Macrophage marker F4/80 increased gradually from 8 to 32 weeks after exposure to silica.Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining results revealed that there were more iNOS-positive cells and some CD206-positive cells in the lung tissue of the silicosis group at 8 weeks.More CD206-positive cells were found in the silicon nodules of the lung tissues in the silicosis group at 32 weeks.Western blot analysis showed that the expressions of Inducible nitric oxide synthase and Arg protein in the lung tissues of the silicosis group were upregulated compared with those of the con-trol group.The results of immunofluorescence staining showed the co-expression of F4/80,α-SMA,and Col I,and CD206 andα-SMA were co-expressed in the lung tissue of the silicosis group.The extracted rat alveolar lavage fluid revealed F4/80+α-SMA+,CD206+α-SMA+,and F4/80+α-SMA+Col I+cells using immunofluorescence staining.Similar results were also found in MH-S cells induced by SiO_(2).Conclusions:The development of silicosis is accompanied by macrophage polarization and MMT.
基金supported by Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology(cstc2017jcyjAX0071)Basic and Advanced Research Projects of CSTC(cstc2019jcyjzdxm0102)+1 种基金Chongqing Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Support Program(CSTCCXLJRC201908)Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(KJZD-K201900605).
文摘With the number of social media users ramping up,microblogs are generated and shared at record levels.The high momentum and large volumes of short texts bring redundancies and noises,in which the users and analysts often find it problematic to elicit useful information of interest.In this paper,we study a query-focused summarization as a solution to address this issue and propose a novel summarization framework to generate personalized online summaries and historical summaries of arbitrary time durations.Our framework can deal with dynamic,perpetual,and large-scale microblogging streams.Specifically,we propose an online microblogging stream clustering algorithm to cluster microblogs and maintain distilled statistics called Microblog Cluster Vectors(MCV).Then we develop a ranking method to extract the most representative sentences relative to the query from the MCVs and generate a query-focused summary of arbitrary time durations.Our experiments on large-scale real microblogs demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our approach.
文摘What kind of person is the root of education?What kind of person embodies the essence of education and the direction of education?The goal of education cannot be solved without specific courses and disciplines.This study is carried out to characterize the Chinese curriculum standards(syllabus),review the founding of New China over 70 years of primary school Chinese curriculum,and outline an education picture from the“curriculum”itself to“individual students,”from“single”to“compound,”and from“present”to“future.”It has been concluded that the pursuit of national characteristics,the exploration of a wholesome personality,and the prospect of new people of the times are the internal evolution logics of primary school Chinese education.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)Discovery Grant(RGPIN-2019-06571)Canada Foundation for Innovation John R.Evans Leaders Fund(CFI-JELF)the Ontario Research Fund Research Infrastructure(ORF-RI:Grant No.33016).
文摘Fibroblasts(mouse,NIH/3T3)are combined with MDA-MB-231 cells to accelerate the formation and improve the reproducibility of 3D cellular structures printed with magnetic assistance.Fibroblasts and MDA-MB-231 cells are cocultured to produce 12.5:87.5,25:75,and 50:50 total population mixtures.These mixtures are suspended in a cell medium containing a paramagnetic salt,Gd-DTPA,which increases the magnetic susceptibility of the medium with respect to the cells.A 3D monotypic MDA-MB-231 cellular structure is printed within 24 hours with magnetic assistance,whereas it takes 48 hours to form a similar structure through gravitational settling alone.The maximum projected areas and circularities,and cellular ATP levels of the printed structures are measured for 336 hours.Increasing the relative amounts of the fibroblasts mixed with the MDA-MB-231 cells decreases the time taken to form the structures and improves their reproducibility.Structures produced through gravitational settling have larger maximum projected areas and cellular ATP,but are deemed less reproducible.The distribution of individual cell lines in the cocultured 3D cellular structures shows that printing with magnetic assistance yields 3D cellular structures that resemble in vivo tumors more closely than those formed through gravitational settling.The results validate our hypothesis that(1)fibroblasts act as a“glue”that supports the formation of 3D cellular structures,and(2)the structures are produced more rapidly and with greater reproducibility with magnetically assisted printing than through gravitational settling alone.Printing of 3D cellular structures with magnetic assistance has applications relevant to drug discovery,lab-on-chip devices,and tissue engineering.
