The Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1)is the first space science satellite jointly developed on the Chinese mainland and in Macao region.It comprises two satellites,named MSS-1A and MSS-1B,and holds considerable importa...The Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1)is the first space science satellite jointly developed on the Chinese mainland and in Macao region.It comprises two satellites,named MSS-1A and MSS-1B,and holds considerable importance in China’s space exploration endeavors.Among these,MSS-1A is the world’s first high-precision scientific satellite dedicated to exploring the geomagnetic field and space environment at low latitudes.Equipped with two high-precision vector magnetometers and one scalar magnetometer,which are integrally installed on a highly stable nonmagnetic optical bench,the MSS-1A enables simultaneous high-precision measurements of both the Earth’s vector magnetic field and its scalar components.Its design integrates several state-of-the-art technologies,including arc-second-level thermal stability control,nonmagnetic thermal control for the optical bench,and ultra-high magnetic cleanliness control.These innovations effectively minimize magnetic interference originating from the satellite itself,thereby substantially improving the precision of geomagnetic field measurements and establishing a robust technical foundation for future magnetic survey satellite constellations.展开更多
Rift Valley fever virus(RVFV)is a high-containment pathogen that causes severe diseases in humans,with no approved therapeutics available.Its classification as a biosafety level 3(BSL-3)agent has limited research and ...Rift Valley fever virus(RVFV)is a high-containment pathogen that causes severe diseases in humans,with no approved therapeutics available.Its classification as a biosafety level 3(BSL-3)agent has limited research and therapeutic development due to safety concerns.In this study,we developed a stable replicon cell line maintaining the replication of L and S genomic segments of RVFV.Single-cycle viral replicon particles(VRPs)could be efficiently packaged through trans-complementation of glycoproteins from different strains,recapitulating authentic viral entry and replication while minimizing biosafety risks.Using this system,we conducted high-throughput screening of a small-molecule compound library and identified CNX-1351 as an antiviral agent for multiple RNA viruses.Mechanistic studies revealed that CNX-1351 inhibits viral replication,potentially by targeting the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.This single-cycle VRP system provides a valuable tool for studying RVFV biology,host interactions,antiviral and vaccine development under reduced biosafety constraints.展开更多
Sini Decoction(SNT)is a traditional formula recognized for its efficacy in warming the spleen and stomach and dispersing cold.However,elucidating the mechanism of action of SNT remains challenging due to its complex m...Sini Decoction(SNT)is a traditional formula recognized for its efficacy in warming the spleen and stomach and dispersing cold.However,elucidating the mechanism of action of SNT remains challenging due to its complex multiple components.This study utilized a synergistic approach combining two-dimensional fluorescence difference in gel electrophoresis(2D-DIGE)-based drug affinity responsive target stability(DARTS)with label-free quantitative proteomics techniques to identify the direct and indirect protein targets of SNT in myocardial infarction.The analysis identified 590 proteins,with 30 proteins showing significant upregulation and 51 proteins showing downregulation when comparing the SNT group with the model group.Through the integration of 2D-DIGE DARTS with proteomics data and pharmacological assessments,the findings indicate that protein disulfide-isomerase A3(PDIA3)may serve as a potential protein target through which SNT provides protective effects on myocardial cells during myocardial infarction.展开更多
Modern shipboard microgrids(SMGs)incorporating distributed energy resources(DERs)enhance energy resilience and reduce carbon emissions.However,the hierarchical control schemes of DERs bring challenges to the tradition...Modern shipboard microgrids(SMGs)incorporating distributed energy resources(DERs)enhance energy resilience and reduce carbon emissions.However,the hierarchical control schemes of DERs bring challenges to the traditional power flow methods.This paper devises a generalized three-phase power flow approach for SMGs that integrate hierarchically controlled DERs.The main contributions include:(1)a droop-controlled three-phase Newton power flow algorithm that automatically incorporates the droop characteristics of DERs;(2)a secondary-controlled three-phase power flow method for power sharing and voltage regulation;and(3)modified Jacobian matrices to incorporate various hierarchical control modes.Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the devised approach in both balanced and unbalanced three-phase hierarchically controlled SMG systems with arbitrary config-urations.展开更多
Quantum power system state estimation(QPSSE)offers an inspiring direction for tackling the challenge of state estimation through quantum computing.Nevertheless,the current bottlenecks originate from the scarcity of pr...Quantum power system state estimation(QPSSE)offers an inspiring direction for tackling the challenge of state estimation through quantum computing.Nevertheless,the current bottlenecks originate from the scarcity of practical and scalable QPSSE methodologies in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum(NISQ)era.This paper devises a NISQ−QPSSE algorithm that facilitates state estimation on real NISQ devices.Our new contributions include:(1)A variational quantum circuit(VQC)-based QPSSE formulation that empowers QPSSE analysis utilizing shallow-depth quantum circuits;(2)A variational quantum linear solver(VQLS)-based QPSSE solver integrating QPSSE iterations with VQC optimization;(3)An advanced NISQ-compatible QPSSE methodology for tackling the measurement and coefficient matrix issues on real quantum computers;(4)A noise-resilient method to alleviate the detrimental effects of noise disturbances.The encouraging test results on the simulator and real-scale systems affirm the precision,universal-ity,and scalability of our QPSSE algorithm and demonstrate the vast potential of QPSSE in the thriving NISQ era.展开更多
The performance of combined Fenton oxidation and membrane bioreactor （MBR） process for the advanced treatment of an effluent from an integrated dyeing wastewater treatment plant was evaluated. The experimental resul...The performance of combined Fenton oxidation and membrane bioreactor （MBR） process for the advanced treatment of an effluent from an integrated dyeing wastewater treatment plant was evaluated. The experimental results revealed that under the optimum Fenton oxidation conditions （initial pH 5, H 2 O 2 dosage 17 mmol/L, and Fe^ 2＋ 1.7 mmol/L） the average total organic carbon （TOC） and color removal ratios were 39.3% and 69.5% after 35 min of reaction, respectively. Results from Zahn-Wallens Test also represented that Fenton process was effective to enhance the biodegradability of the test wastewater. As for the further purification of MBR process, TOC removal capacity was examined at different hydraulic retention times （HRT） of 10, 18 and 25 hr. Under the optimum HRT of 18 hr, the average TOC concentration and color of the final MBR effluent were 16.8 mg/L and 2 dilution time, respectively. The sludge yield coefficient was 0.13 g MLSS/g TOC and TOC degradation rate was 0.078 kg TOC/（m ^3 ·day）. The final effluent of MBR can meet the reuse criteria of urban recycling water – water quality standard for miscellaneous water consumption GBT18920-2002.展开更多
The mechanism by which electromagnetic forming(EMF)enhances the formability of metals is unclear owing to the coupling effect of multi-physics fields.In the present work,the associated formability improvement mechanis...The mechanism by which electromagnetic forming(EMF)enhances the formability of metals is unclear owing to the coupling effect of multi-physics fields.In the present work,the associated formability improvement mechanisms were qualitatively categorized and illustrated.This was realized by comparing the formability of fully annealed 2219 aluminum alloy(AA 2219-O)sheet under quasi-static(QS),electromagnetic dynamic(EM),and mechanical dynamic(MD)tensile loadings.It was found that the forming limit of AA 2219-O sheet under EM tensile loading was significantly(45.4%)higher than that under QS tensile loading,and was marginally(3.7%–4.3%)higher than that under MD tensile loading.In addition,the forming limit of AA 2219-O sheet demonstrated a negative dependency on the strain rate within the range of the dynamic tensile tests conducted.The deformation conditions common to EM and MD tensile loadings were responsible for the significant formability improvement compared with QS tensile loading.In particular,the inertial effect was dominant.The different deformation conditions that distinguish EM tensile loading from MD tensile loading resulted in the marginal improvement in formability.This was caused by the absence of a sustaining contact force at the later deformation stage and the lower strain rate.The body force exerted little influence on the formability improvement,and the thermal effect under the two dynamic tensile loadings was negligible.展开更多
AIM： To transfect mutant C-kit cDNA at codon 579 into human embryonic kidney cell line to observe its role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor （GIST）. METHODS： Eukaryotic expression vectors of pc...AIM： To transfect mutant C-kit cDNA at codon 579 into human embryonic kidney cell line to observe its role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor （GIST）. METHODS： Eukaryotic expression vectors of pcDNA3- Kit-NW and pcDNA3-Kit-W were constructed. Then pcDNA3-Kit-NW and pcDNA3-Kit-W plasrnids were transfected into human embryonic kidney cell line by Upofectamine. The resistant clone was screened by G418 filtration and identified by sequencing, Western blotting, and immunocytochemical staining. Human embryonic kidney cells were divided into three groups including pcDNA3-Kit-NW, pcDNA3-Kit-W, and vector control groups. Absorbency value with a wavelength of 574 nm was detected by MTT analysis. Mice were injected with three groups of cells. Volume, mass, and histological examinations of the tumors in different groups were measured and compared. RESULTS： The C-kit gene and mutant C-kit gene were successfully cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3, pcDNA3-Kit-NW and pcDNA3-Kit-W were successfully transfected into human embryonic kidney cell line and showed stable expression in this cell line. Cell proliferating activity had significant differences between pcDNA3-Kit-NW and pcDNA3, pcDNA3-Kit- NW and pcDNA3-Kit-W （P〈0.05）, respectively. Tumors were only observed in nude mice implanted with cells transfected with pcDNA3-Kit-NW. CONCLUSION： Mutation of C-kit gene increases the proliferation activity of human cells and plays an important role in the malignant transformation of GIST.展开更多
Astragali Radix(AR)is a clinically used herbal medicine with multiple immunomodulatory activities that can strengthen the activity and cytotoxicity of natural killer(NK)cells.However,owing to the complexity of its com...Astragali Radix(AR)is a clinically used herbal medicine with multiple immunomodulatory activities that can strengthen the activity and cytotoxicity of natural killer(NK)cells.However,owing to the complexity of its composition,the specific active ingredients in AR that act on NK cells are not clear yet.Cell membrane chromatography(CMC)is mainly used to screen the active ingredients in a complex system of herbal medicines.In this study,a new comprehensive two-dimensional(2D)NK-92MI CMC/C18 column/time-of-flight mass spectrometry(TOFMS)system was established to screen for potential NK cell activators.To obtain a higher column efficiency,3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane-modified silica was synthesized to prepare the NK-92MI CMC column.In total,nine components in AR were screened from this system,which could be washed out from the NK-92MI/CMC column after 10 min,and they showed good affinity for NK-92MI/CMC column.Two representative active compounds of AR,isoastragaloside Ⅰ and astragaloside IV,promoted the killing effect of NK cells on K562 cells in a dose-dependent manner.It can thus suggest that isoastragaloside Ⅰ and astragaloside Ⅳ are the main immunomodulatory components of AR.This comprehensive 2D NK-92MI CMC analytical system is a practical method for screening immune cell activators from other herbal medicines with immunomodulatory effects.展开更多
The effects of postthermal treatment and irradiation time on the structure and thermal stability of TiO2/polyacrylate nanocomposites by a sol-gel process in reverse micelles and subsequent rapid photopolymerization we...The effects of postthermal treatment and irradiation time on the structure and thermal stability of TiO2/polyacrylate nanocomposites by a sol-gel process in reverse micelles and subsequent rapid photopolymerization were investigated, and the hybrid films were characterized by thermal gravimetry analysis （TGA）, X-ray photoelectron spectrum （XPS）, and atomic force microscopy （AFM）. XPS data suggested that the prolongation of irradiation time and the postthermal treatment promoted titania formation, with the former affecting more remarkably. TGA data showed that TiO2-hybrid films could upgrade the decomposition onset temperature （Tonset） as well as the temperature at which there is a maximum mass loss rate （Tmax）. AFM data demonstrated that the inorganic titania particles with a mean diameter of 25.26-28.84 nm were homogeneously distributed in the organic matrix.展开更多
文摘The Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1)is the first space science satellite jointly developed on the Chinese mainland and in Macao region.It comprises two satellites,named MSS-1A and MSS-1B,and holds considerable importance in China’s space exploration endeavors.Among these,MSS-1A is the world’s first high-precision scientific satellite dedicated to exploring the geomagnetic field and space environment at low latitudes.Equipped with two high-precision vector magnetometers and one scalar magnetometer,which are integrally installed on a highly stable nonmagnetic optical bench,the MSS-1A enables simultaneous high-precision measurements of both the Earth’s vector magnetic field and its scalar components.Its design integrates several state-of-the-art technologies,including arc-second-level thermal stability control,nonmagnetic thermal control for the optical bench,and ultra-high magnetic cleanliness control.These innovations effectively minimize magnetic interference originating from the satellite itself,thereby substantially improving the precision of geomagnetic field measurements and establishing a robust technical foundation for future magnetic survey satellite constellations.
基金Grants from the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(22XD1420600)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(ZD2021CY001)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81974305)Shenzhen Medical Research Fund(SMRF No.B2302029)Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2023-PT310-02)supported this work.
文摘Rift Valley fever virus(RVFV)is a high-containment pathogen that causes severe diseases in humans,with no approved therapeutics available.Its classification as a biosafety level 3(BSL-3)agent has limited research and therapeutic development due to safety concerns.In this study,we developed a stable replicon cell line maintaining the replication of L and S genomic segments of RVFV.Single-cycle viral replicon particles(VRPs)could be efficiently packaged through trans-complementation of glycoproteins from different strains,recapitulating authentic viral entry and replication while minimizing biosafety risks.Using this system,we conducted high-throughput screening of a small-molecule compound library and identified CNX-1351 as an antiviral agent for multiple RNA viruses.Mechanistic studies revealed that CNX-1351 inhibits viral replication,potentially by targeting the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.This single-cycle VRP system provides a valuable tool for studying RVFV biology,host interactions,antiviral and vaccine development under reduced biosafety constraints.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82073814,82122066,and 82104328)the"Dawn"Program of the Shanghai Education Commission(No.22SG34)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of China(No.2022YFC2704603)Shanghai Sailing Program(No.20YF1458900).
文摘Sini Decoction(SNT)is a traditional formula recognized for its efficacy in warming the spleen and stomach and dispersing cold.However,elucidating the mechanism of action of SNT remains challenging due to its complex multiple components.This study utilized a synergistic approach combining two-dimensional fluorescence difference in gel electrophoresis(2D-DIGE)-based drug affinity responsive target stability(DARTS)with label-free quantitative proteomics techniques to identify the direct and indirect protein targets of SNT in myocardial infarction.The analysis identified 590 proteins,with 30 proteins showing significant upregulation and 51 proteins showing downregulation when comparing the SNT group with the model group.Through the integration of 2D-DIGE DARTS with proteomics data and pharmacological assessments,the findings indicate that protein disulfide-isomerase A3(PDIA3)may serve as a potential protein target through which SNT provides protective effects on myocardial cells during myocardial infarction.
基金supported in part by the Department of Navy award N00014-24-1-2287 and N00014-23-1-2124。
文摘Modern shipboard microgrids(SMGs)incorporating distributed energy resources(DERs)enhance energy resilience and reduce carbon emissions.However,the hierarchical control schemes of DERs bring challenges to the traditional power flow methods.This paper devises a generalized three-phase power flow approach for SMGs that integrate hierarchically controlled DERs.The main contributions include:(1)a droop-controlled three-phase Newton power flow algorithm that automatically incorporates the droop characteristics of DERs;(2)a secondary-controlled three-phase power flow method for power sharing and voltage regulation;and(3)modified Jacobian matrices to incorporate various hierarchical control modes.Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the devised approach in both balanced and unbalanced three-phase hierarchically controlled SMG systems with arbitrary config-urations.
基金supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.ITE-2134840.This work relates to Department of Navy award N00014-23-1-2124 issued by the Office of Naval Research.The United States Government has a royalty-free license throughout the world in all copyrightable material contained herein.
文摘Quantum power system state estimation(QPSSE)offers an inspiring direction for tackling the challenge of state estimation through quantum computing.Nevertheless,the current bottlenecks originate from the scarcity of practical and scalable QPSSE methodologies in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum(NISQ)era.This paper devises a NISQ−QPSSE algorithm that facilitates state estimation on real NISQ devices.Our new contributions include:(1)A variational quantum circuit(VQC)-based QPSSE formulation that empowers QPSSE analysis utilizing shallow-depth quantum circuits;(2)A variational quantum linear solver(VQLS)-based QPSSE solver integrating QPSSE iterations with VQC optimization;(3)An advanced NISQ-compatible QPSSE methodology for tackling the measurement and coefficient matrix issues on real quantum computers;(4)A noise-resilient method to alleviate the detrimental effects of noise disturbances.The encouraging test results on the simulator and real-scale systems affirm the precision,universal-ity,and scalability of our QPSSE algorithm and demonstrate the vast potential of QPSSE in the thriving NISQ era.
基金supported by HuPao Dyeing Plant,JiangSu Province,China
文摘The performance of combined Fenton oxidation and membrane bioreactor （MBR） process for the advanced treatment of an effluent from an integrated dyeing wastewater treatment plant was evaluated. The experimental results revealed that under the optimum Fenton oxidation conditions （initial pH 5, H 2 O 2 dosage 17 mmol/L, and Fe^ 2＋ 1.7 mmol/L） the average total organic carbon （TOC） and color removal ratios were 39.3% and 69.5% after 35 min of reaction, respectively. Results from Zahn-Wallens Test also represented that Fenton process was effective to enhance the biodegradability of the test wastewater. As for the further purification of MBR process, TOC removal capacity was examined at different hydraulic retention times （HRT） of 10, 18 and 25 hr. Under the optimum HRT of 18 hr, the average TOC concentration and color of the final MBR effluent were 16.8 mg/L and 2 dilution time, respectively. The sludge yield coefficient was 0.13 g MLSS/g TOC and TOC degradation rate was 0.078 kg TOC/（m ^3 ·day）. The final effluent of MBR can meet the reuse criteria of urban recycling water – water quality standard for miscellaneous water consumption GBT18920-2002.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51575206 and 51705169)the Innovation Funds for Aerospace Science and Technology from China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation(No.CASC150704)+1 种基金the Science Fund of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body(No.31615006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University(No.2016YXZD055)。
文摘The mechanism by which electromagnetic forming(EMF)enhances the formability of metals is unclear owing to the coupling effect of multi-physics fields.In the present work,the associated formability improvement mechanisms were qualitatively categorized and illustrated.This was realized by comparing the formability of fully annealed 2219 aluminum alloy(AA 2219-O)sheet under quasi-static(QS),electromagnetic dynamic(EM),and mechanical dynamic(MD)tensile loadings.It was found that the forming limit of AA 2219-O sheet under EM tensile loading was significantly(45.4%)higher than that under QS tensile loading,and was marginally(3.7%–4.3%)higher than that under MD tensile loading.In addition,the forming limit of AA 2219-O sheet demonstrated a negative dependency on the strain rate within the range of the dynamic tensile tests conducted.The deformation conditions common to EM and MD tensile loadings were responsible for the significant formability improvement compared with QS tensile loading.In particular,the inertial effect was dominant.The different deformation conditions that distinguish EM tensile loading from MD tensile loading resulted in the marginal improvement in formability.This was caused by the absence of a sustaining contact force at the later deformation stage and the lower strain rate.The body force exerted little influence on the formability improvement,and the thermal effect under the two dynamic tensile loadings was negligible.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 30070743 and No. 30471702
文摘AIM： To transfect mutant C-kit cDNA at codon 579 into human embryonic kidney cell line to observe its role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor （GIST）. METHODS： Eukaryotic expression vectors of pcDNA3- Kit-NW and pcDNA3-Kit-W were constructed. Then pcDNA3-Kit-NW and pcDNA3-Kit-W plasrnids were transfected into human embryonic kidney cell line by Upofectamine. The resistant clone was screened by G418 filtration and identified by sequencing, Western blotting, and immunocytochemical staining. Human embryonic kidney cells were divided into three groups including pcDNA3-Kit-NW, pcDNA3-Kit-W, and vector control groups. Absorbency value with a wavelength of 574 nm was detected by MTT analysis. Mice were injected with three groups of cells. Volume, mass, and histological examinations of the tumors in different groups were measured and compared. RESULTS： The C-kit gene and mutant C-kit gene were successfully cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3, pcDNA3-Kit-NW and pcDNA3-Kit-W were successfully transfected into human embryonic kidney cell line and showed stable expression in this cell line. Cell proliferating activity had significant differences between pcDNA3-Kit-NW and pcDNA3, pcDNA3-Kit- NW and pcDNA3-Kit-W （P〈0.05）, respectively. Tumors were only observed in nude mice implanted with cells transfected with pcDNA3-Kit-NW. CONCLUSION： Mutation of C-kit gene increases the proliferation activity of human cells and plays an important role in the malignant transformation of GIST.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82073814,81973291,82122066,and 82003909)the Rising-Star Program of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(Grant No.:19QA1411500).
文摘Astragali Radix(AR)is a clinically used herbal medicine with multiple immunomodulatory activities that can strengthen the activity and cytotoxicity of natural killer(NK)cells.However,owing to the complexity of its composition,the specific active ingredients in AR that act on NK cells are not clear yet.Cell membrane chromatography(CMC)is mainly used to screen the active ingredients in a complex system of herbal medicines.In this study,a new comprehensive two-dimensional(2D)NK-92MI CMC/C18 column/time-of-flight mass spectrometry(TOFMS)system was established to screen for potential NK cell activators.To obtain a higher column efficiency,3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane-modified silica was synthesized to prepare the NK-92MI CMC column.In total,nine components in AR were screened from this system,which could be washed out from the NK-92MI/CMC column after 10 min,and they showed good affinity for NK-92MI/CMC column.Two representative active compounds of AR,isoastragaloside Ⅰ and astragaloside IV,promoted the killing effect of NK cells on K562 cells in a dose-dependent manner.It can thus suggest that isoastragaloside Ⅰ and astragaloside Ⅳ are the main immunomodulatory components of AR.This comprehensive 2D NK-92MI CMC analytical system is a practical method for screening immune cell activators from other herbal medicines with immunomodulatory effects.
文摘The effects of postthermal treatment and irradiation time on the structure and thermal stability of TiO2/polyacrylate nanocomposites by a sol-gel process in reverse micelles and subsequent rapid photopolymerization were investigated, and the hybrid films were characterized by thermal gravimetry analysis （TGA）, X-ray photoelectron spectrum （XPS）, and atomic force microscopy （AFM）. XPS data suggested that the prolongation of irradiation time and the postthermal treatment promoted titania formation, with the former affecting more remarkably. TGA data showed that TiO2-hybrid films could upgrade the decomposition onset temperature （Tonset） as well as the temperature at which there is a maximum mass loss rate （Tmax）. AFM data demonstrated that the inorganic titania particles with a mean diameter of 25.26-28.84 nm were homogeneously distributed in the organic matrix.
