Tsetse flies are insects of significant public health and zoonotic importance as they are the main vectors of African trypanosomes.To date,an effective vaccine is unavailable and efforts to limit the spread of the dis...Tsetse flies are insects of significant public health and zoonotic importance as they are the main vectors of African trypanosomes.To date,an effective vaccine is unavailable and efforts to limit the spread of the disease primarily rely on controlling the tsetse populations.The discovery of Spiroplasma(class Mollicutes)in Glossina fuscipes fuscipes(Gff)(palpalis subgroup),offers promising insights into its potential use as a biological control agent to hinder trypanosomes infection in tsetse flies.Indeed,a negative correlation between Spiroplasma and trypanosome co-infection has been observed.Using a laboratory strain of Gff,we provide fundamental biological insights into the effects of Spiroplasma infection on the mating behavior of the fly.We found a sex-biased Spiroplasma infection,with males exhibiting a higher infection rate.Mass mating experiments revealed a higher mating propensity in Spiroplasma-infected flies.Additionally,the presence of Spiroplasma influenced premating isolation,leading to nonrandom mating patterns that favored the pairing of individuals with matching infection statuses.Moreover,we present evidence of Spiroplasma vertical paternal transmission.By analyzing female reproductive tissues at 2 and 24 h postmating,we confirmed that an infected male can transfer Spiroplasma to the female via the spermatophore,which can subsequently migrate to the spermathecae.This study provides foundational insights into the role of Spiroplasma in tsetse fly mating behavior and provides supporting evidence for vertical transmission from infected males.展开更多
Main text Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)linked to chromosome 5q is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease caused by mutations/deletions in the Survival Motor Neuron 1(SMN1)gene,with consequent reductions of the le...Main text Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)linked to chromosome 5q is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease caused by mutations/deletions in the Survival Motor Neuron 1(SMN1)gene,with consequent reductions of the level of the SMN protein.This results in spinal motor neuron degeneration and variable clinical presentations.The prognosis depends on the phenotypic severity,ranging from high mortality for the infantile form(SMA type 1)to no decrease of lifespan for the chronic and later-onset forms[1].Humans possess a paralogous SMN2 gene,which exhibits a single-nucleotide transition compared to SMN1,resulting in aberrant splicing of 80%–90%of SMN2-derived pre-mRNAs.展开更多
文摘Tsetse flies are insects of significant public health and zoonotic importance as they are the main vectors of African trypanosomes.To date,an effective vaccine is unavailable and efforts to limit the spread of the disease primarily rely on controlling the tsetse populations.The discovery of Spiroplasma(class Mollicutes)in Glossina fuscipes fuscipes(Gff)(palpalis subgroup),offers promising insights into its potential use as a biological control agent to hinder trypanosomes infection in tsetse flies.Indeed,a negative correlation between Spiroplasma and trypanosome co-infection has been observed.Using a laboratory strain of Gff,we provide fundamental biological insights into the effects of Spiroplasma infection on the mating behavior of the fly.We found a sex-biased Spiroplasma infection,with males exhibiting a higher infection rate.Mass mating experiments revealed a higher mating propensity in Spiroplasma-infected flies.Additionally,the presence of Spiroplasma influenced premating isolation,leading to nonrandom mating patterns that favored the pairing of individuals with matching infection statuses.Moreover,we present evidence of Spiroplasma vertical paternal transmission.By analyzing female reproductive tissues at 2 and 24 h postmating,we confirmed that an infected male can transfer Spiroplasma to the female via the spermatophore,which can subsequently migrate to the spermathecae.This study provides foundational insights into the role of Spiroplasma in tsetse fly mating behavior and provides supporting evidence for vertical transmission from infected males.
基金supported by AFM-Téléthon(16177,18221,21565 to DR)Associazione Girotondo ODV(to DR)and the“Ricerca Corrente”funding scheme of the Italian Ministry of Health(to the Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri—IRCCS).Research in the FF lab is supported by the Armenise-Harvard Foundation(CDA 2013 to FF)+2 种基金by the Italian Association for Cancer Research(AIRC,MFAG 20075 and Bridge 27004 to FF)by Velux Stiftung(grant 1375 to FF)by the Italian Ministry for Research(MUR)—Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2018–2022(to the Department of Biology and Biotechnology of the University of Pavia).
文摘Main text Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)linked to chromosome 5q is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease caused by mutations/deletions in the Survival Motor Neuron 1(SMN1)gene,with consequent reductions of the level of the SMN protein.This results in spinal motor neuron degeneration and variable clinical presentations.The prognosis depends on the phenotypic severity,ranging from high mortality for the infantile form(SMA type 1)to no decrease of lifespan for the chronic and later-onset forms[1].Humans possess a paralogous SMN2 gene,which exhibits a single-nucleotide transition compared to SMN1,resulting in aberrant splicing of 80%–90%of SMN2-derived pre-mRNAs.
