Drought is one of the hot topics needing urgent attention in the current era of climate change.It massively disturbs the rice growth and productivity and is becoming a serious threat.The drought avoidance strategies i...Drought is one of the hot topics needing urgent attention in the current era of climate change.It massively disturbs the rice growth and productivity and is becoming a serious threat.The drought avoidance strategies in rice include stomatal closure,cellular adaptation and changes in root development.Moreover,the endogenous plant hormones(abscisic acid and jasmonic acid)and reactive oxygen species have paramount importance in drought tolerance in rice.The drought tolerance induces modification in biochemical,molecular and physiological properties of plants.At the molecular level,expression of several transcription-factors is modulated which further determine the activation of drought responsive gene families.Mitogen activated protein kinases and Ca signaling pathways initiate an array of signaling cascade for mediating the gene expression in rice.Approaches,conventional breeding methods combined with modern emerging techniques such as genetic engineering,to improve rice drought tolerance were discussed.This review provided recent insights into major regulatory factors against drought stress,signaling mechanisms and molecular engineering strategies(including conventional transgenic and recent genome editing approaches)to induce drought tolerance in rice.展开更多
Chemosensory proteins(CSPs)are important molecular components of the insect olfactory system,which are involved in capturing,binding,and transporting hydrophobic odour molecules across the sensillum in sensillar lymph...Chemosensory proteins(CSPs)are important molecular components of the insect olfactory system,which are involved in capturing,binding,and transporting hydrophobic odour molecules across the sensillum in sensillar lymph in regulating insect behavior.This protein family(CSPs)is also involved in many other systems that are not linked to olfactory receptors in olfactory sensilla.The brown planthopper(BPH)is a monophagous pest of rice that causes damage by sucking phloem sap and transmitting a number of diseases caused by viruses.In this study,fluorescence competitive binding assay and fluorescence quenching assay at acidic p H were performed as well as homology modelling to describe the binding affinity of Nlug CSP10.Fluorescence competitive binding assay(FCBA)demonstrated that Nlug CSP10 bound strongly to nonadecane,farnesene,and 2-tridecanone at acidic p H.The results of FCBA indicated that Nlug CSP10 bound different ligands at the physiological p H(5.0)of the bulk sensillum lymph.Fluorescence quenching assay demonstrated that Nlug CSP10 generated a stable complex with 2-tridecanone,while two ligands nonadecane and farnesene collided due to molecular collisions.The interaction of selected ligands with the modelled structure of Nlug CSP10 was also analyzed,which found the key amino acids(Gln23,Gln24,Gln25,Asn27,Met33,Ser34,Ile35,Tyr36,Asn42,Met43,Val45,Asn46,Asn93,Arg96,Ala97,Lys99,and Ala100)in Nlug CSP10 that were involved in binding of volatile compounds.The present study contributes to the binding profile of Nlug CSP10 that promotes the development of behaviorally active ligands based on BPH olfactory system.展开更多
This study involves mathematical simulation model such as in vitro-in vivo correlation(IVIVC) development for various extended release formulations of nimesulide loaded hydroxypropylmethylcellulose(HPMC) microparticle...This study involves mathematical simulation model such as in vitro-in vivo correlation(IVIVC) development for various extended release formulations of nimesulide loaded hydroxypropylmethylcellulose(HPMC) microparticles(M1,M2 and M3 containing 1,2,and 3 g HPMC,respectively and 1 g drug in each) having variable release characteristics.In vitro dissolution data of these formulations were correlated to their relevant in vivo absorption profiles followed by predictability worth analysis of these Level A IVIVC.Nimaran was used as control formulation to validate developed formulations and their respective models.The regression coefficients of IVIVC plots for M1,M2,M3 and Nimaran were 0.834 9,0.831 2,0.927 2 and 0.898 1,respectively.The internal prediction error for all formulations was within limits,i.e.,<10%.A good IVIVC was found for controlled release nimesulide loaded HPMC floating M3 microparticles.In other words,this mathematical simulation model is best fit for biowaiver studies which involves study parameters as those adopted for M3 because the value of its IVIVC regression coefficient is the closest to 1 as compared to M1 and M2.展开更多
文摘Drought is one of the hot topics needing urgent attention in the current era of climate change.It massively disturbs the rice growth and productivity and is becoming a serious threat.The drought avoidance strategies in rice include stomatal closure,cellular adaptation and changes in root development.Moreover,the endogenous plant hormones(abscisic acid and jasmonic acid)and reactive oxygen species have paramount importance in drought tolerance in rice.The drought tolerance induces modification in biochemical,molecular and physiological properties of plants.At the molecular level,expression of several transcription-factors is modulated which further determine the activation of drought responsive gene families.Mitogen activated protein kinases and Ca signaling pathways initiate an array of signaling cascade for mediating the gene expression in rice.Approaches,conventional breeding methods combined with modern emerging techniques such as genetic engineering,to improve rice drought tolerance were discussed.This review provided recent insights into major regulatory factors against drought stress,signaling mechanisms and molecular engineering strategies(including conventional transgenic and recent genome editing approaches)to induce drought tolerance in rice.
基金supported and funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFE0113900)the Special Technical Innovation of Hubei Province,China(2017ABA146)。
文摘Chemosensory proteins(CSPs)are important molecular components of the insect olfactory system,which are involved in capturing,binding,and transporting hydrophobic odour molecules across the sensillum in sensillar lymph in regulating insect behavior.This protein family(CSPs)is also involved in many other systems that are not linked to olfactory receptors in olfactory sensilla.The brown planthopper(BPH)is a monophagous pest of rice that causes damage by sucking phloem sap and transmitting a number of diseases caused by viruses.In this study,fluorescence competitive binding assay and fluorescence quenching assay at acidic p H were performed as well as homology modelling to describe the binding affinity of Nlug CSP10.Fluorescence competitive binding assay(FCBA)demonstrated that Nlug CSP10 bound strongly to nonadecane,farnesene,and 2-tridecanone at acidic p H.The results of FCBA indicated that Nlug CSP10 bound different ligands at the physiological p H(5.0)of the bulk sensillum lymph.Fluorescence quenching assay demonstrated that Nlug CSP10 generated a stable complex with 2-tridecanone,while two ligands nonadecane and farnesene collided due to molecular collisions.The interaction of selected ligands with the modelled structure of Nlug CSP10 was also analyzed,which found the key amino acids(Gln23,Gln24,Gln25,Asn27,Met33,Ser34,Ile35,Tyr36,Asn42,Met43,Val45,Asn46,Asn93,Arg96,Ala97,Lys99,and Ala100)in Nlug CSP10 that were involved in binding of volatile compounds.The present study contributes to the binding profile of Nlug CSP10 that promotes the development of behaviorally active ligands based on BPH olfactory system.
基金Higher Education Commission of Pakistan for proving financial support for research.
文摘This study involves mathematical simulation model such as in vitro-in vivo correlation(IVIVC) development for various extended release formulations of nimesulide loaded hydroxypropylmethylcellulose(HPMC) microparticles(M1,M2 and M3 containing 1,2,and 3 g HPMC,respectively and 1 g drug in each) having variable release characteristics.In vitro dissolution data of these formulations were correlated to their relevant in vivo absorption profiles followed by predictability worth analysis of these Level A IVIVC.Nimaran was used as control formulation to validate developed formulations and their respective models.The regression coefficients of IVIVC plots for M1,M2,M3 and Nimaran were 0.834 9,0.831 2,0.927 2 and 0.898 1,respectively.The internal prediction error for all formulations was within limits,i.e.,<10%.A good IVIVC was found for controlled release nimesulide loaded HPMC floating M3 microparticles.In other words,this mathematical simulation model is best fit for biowaiver studies which involves study parameters as those adopted for M3 because the value of its IVIVC regression coefficient is the closest to 1 as compared to M1 and M2.
