Objective:MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are highly conserved 19-25 nucleotide small noncoding RNAs,which are primarily involved in gene silencing.This study aims to characterize the functional roles of microRNA-regulated stemness ...Objective:MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are highly conserved 19-25 nucleotide small noncoding RNAs,which are primarily involved in gene silencing.This study aims to characterize the functional roles of microRNA-regulated stemness in patientderived cholangiocarcinoma xenograft tumors.展开更多
The poetic tradition of the Book of Poetry and Songs of the South("Shi-Sao Tradition"诗骚传统),which permeates successive generations of Han Chinese literature,has exerted a profound influence on the literat...The poetic tradition of the Book of Poetry and Songs of the South("Shi-Sao Tradition"诗骚传统),which permeates successive generations of Han Chinese literature,has exerted a profound influence on the literature of various ethnic minorities throughout history.At the same time,minority-ethnic literatures have made their own unique contributions to the development of Central Plains literature,both enriching its formal types and invigorating its creative vitality.Thus,the confluence between the"Shi-Sao Tradition"and the"Three Major Epics"represents not only a major scholarly proposition concerning the construction of the concept of a literary community and the reconstruction of the discourse system of Chinese literary history,but also a real-world issue involving the diversity of a united Chinese culture and the construction of the sense of community for the Chinese nation.The"confluence"manifests on three levels:an important formal supplement to the epic genre and a redefinition of the"Shi-Sao Epic";the construction of the sense of community for the Chinese nation and cultural identity in epic performance;and the mutual exchange and integration of the"epic spirit."展开更多
Cholangiopathies are caused by bile duct damage or inflammation followed by cholestasis leading to liver fibrosis.Bile duct epithelial cells,cholangiocytes,are a primary target for cholangiopathies.Ductular reaction i...Cholangiopathies are caused by bile duct damage or inflammation followed by cholestasis leading to liver fibrosis.Bile duct epithelial cells,cholangiocytes,are a primary target for cholangiopathies.Ductular reaction is often observed in cholangiopathies and the proliferation of cholangiocytes is associated with ductular reaction and liver fibrogenesis.Accumulating evidence suggests that patients with chol-angiopathies have different gut bacterial profiles from healthy individuals,indicating the association between gut microbiota and cholangiopathies.Bile acids are produced by hepatocytes and modified by gut bacteria.Bile acids regulate cholangiocyte proliferation but effects vary depending on the type of bile acids.Recent studies suggest that therapies targeting gut bacteria,such as antibiotics administration and gut bacteria depletion or therapies using gut bacteria-associated bile acids,such as ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)administration,may be useful for treatments of cholangiopathies,although data are contro-versial depending on animal models or cohorts.This review summarizes current understandings of functional roles of gut bacterial imbalance and strategies for treatments of cholangiopathies targeting gut bacteria.展开更多
Cholangiopathies are a group of rare,devastating diseases that arise from damaged cholangiocytes,the cells that line the intra-and extra-hepatic bile ducts of the biliary epithelium.Cholangiopathies result in signific...Cholangiopathies are a group of rare,devastating diseases that arise from damaged cholangiocytes,the cells that line the intra-and extra-hepatic bile ducts of the biliary epithelium.Cholangiopathies result in significant morbidity and mortality and are a major cause of liver transplantation.A better understanding of the underlying pathogenesis that influences cholangiocyte dysregulation and cholangiopathy progression is necessary,considering the dismal prognosis associated with these diseases.MicroRNAs are a class of small,non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional mRNA expression of specific genes.The role of microRNAs has expanded to include the initiation and development of many diseases,including cholangiopathies.Understanding microRNA regulation of cholangiopathies may provide diagnostic and therapeutic benefit for these diseases.In this review,the authors primarily focus on studies published within the last five years that help determine the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of microRNAs in cholangiopathies.展开更多
Assuming the historical perspective of"empire-civilization"'and taking both geopolitical space and form of civilization into account,this article positions Hong Kong region as a new frontier for the main...Assuming the historical perspective of"empire-civilization"'and taking both geopolitical space and form of civilization into account,this article positions Hong Kong region as a new frontier for the mainland to be connected to the marine world and Western capitalist civilization.It aims to propose a trans-civilization approach focusing on the frontier and show the dynamic,constructive significance of the frontier zone for the center of civilization.The frontier area can not only promote the center of civilization to absorb foreign civilizations into its own development,but more importantly,the frontier is subversive and revolutionary for the center of civilization,constantly stimulating,challenging and even destroying the latter's stagnation and decay and prompting its self-innovation.Adopting this crosscivilization approach of"frontier as a method,"this article argues that the socalled"deep-seated problem"'of the return of Hong Kong region people's hearts is the product of the interweaving,conflict and integration of three civilizations in Hong Kong region,namely,Western capitalist civilization,Chinese civilization,and socialist civilization.The"decolonization"of Hong Kong region's cultural ethos needs to be incorporated into the larger vision of the future construction of Chinese civilization.On this basis,it puts forward"Hong Kong region as a method"and attaches great importance to Hong Kong region's strategic role as a new frontier for the future of Chinese civilization which may open up a new chapter of"one country,two systems."展开更多
The historically rooted Chinese mental world has made the spirit an earthly question instead of a heavenly one.At the same time,the earth has been socialized to be a secular world where its transcendence as nature is ...The historically rooted Chinese mental world has made the spirit an earthly question instead of a heavenly one.At the same time,the earth has been socialized to be a secular world where its transcendence as nature is excluded;therefore,a place of transcendence has had to be found and redefined on the earth so as to make a transcendent space in which to settle the spirit.Thus,the nature,referred to as the“mountains-and-waters,”has been recognized as the place of transcendence.While historical thinking still occupies secular minds,the fishermen-and-woodsmen outside the world are able to discover the transcendent historicity of history by borrowing the transcendent scale of mountains-andwaters.展开更多
文摘Objective:MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are highly conserved 19-25 nucleotide small noncoding RNAs,which are primarily involved in gene silencing.This study aims to characterize the functional roles of microRNA-regulated stemness in patientderived cholangiocarcinoma xenograft tumors.
文摘The poetic tradition of the Book of Poetry and Songs of the South("Shi-Sao Tradition"诗骚传统),which permeates successive generations of Han Chinese literature,has exerted a profound influence on the literature of various ethnic minorities throughout history.At the same time,minority-ethnic literatures have made their own unique contributions to the development of Central Plains literature,both enriching its formal types and invigorating its creative vitality.Thus,the confluence between the"Shi-Sao Tradition"and the"Three Major Epics"represents not only a major scholarly proposition concerning the construction of the concept of a literary community and the reconstruction of the discourse system of Chinese literary history,but also a real-world issue involving the diversity of a united Chinese culture and the construction of the sense of community for the Chinese nation.The"confluence"manifests on three levels:an important formal supplement to the epic genre and a redefinition of the"Shi-Sao Epic";the construction of the sense of community for the Chinese nation and cultural identity in epic performance;and the mutual exchange and integration of the"epic spirit."
基金supported in part by the Dr.Nicholas C.High-tower Centennial Chair of Gastroenterology from Scott&White,a Veterans Health Administration Research Career Scientist award(IK6BX004601)a VA Merit award to Dr.G.Alpini(5I01BX000574)+1 种基金a VA Merit Award(1I01BX001724)to Dr.F.Meng from the United States Department of Veterans Affairs Biomedical Laboratory Researchthe USA National Institutes of Health(NIH)grants DK110035,DK054811,DK062975,DK115184,AA025997 and AA025157 to Drs.G.Alpini,F.Meng and S.Glaser.
文摘Cholangiopathies are caused by bile duct damage or inflammation followed by cholestasis leading to liver fibrosis.Bile duct epithelial cells,cholangiocytes,are a primary target for cholangiopathies.Ductular reaction is often observed in cholangiopathies and the proliferation of cholangiocytes is associated with ductular reaction and liver fibrogenesis.Accumulating evidence suggests that patients with chol-angiopathies have different gut bacterial profiles from healthy individuals,indicating the association between gut microbiota and cholangiopathies.Bile acids are produced by hepatocytes and modified by gut bacteria.Bile acids regulate cholangiocyte proliferation but effects vary depending on the type of bile acids.Recent studies suggest that therapies targeting gut bacteria,such as antibiotics administration and gut bacteria depletion or therapies using gut bacteria-associated bile acids,such as ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)administration,may be useful for treatments of cholangiopathies,although data are contro-versial depending on animal models or cohorts.This review summarizes current understandings of functional roles of gut bacterial imbalance and strategies for treatments of cholangiopathies targeting gut bacteria.
基金This work was supported in part by the Dr.Nicholas C.Hightower Centennial Chair of Gastroenterology from Scott&White,a VA Research Career Scientist Award,a VA Merit award to Dr.Alpini(5I01BX000574)a VA Merit Award(1I01BX003031)to Dr.Francis,a VA Merit Award(5I01BX002192)to Dr.Glaser+1 种基金a VA Merit Award(1I01BX001724)to Dr.Meng from the United States(U.S.)Department of Veterans Affairs Biomedical Laboratory Researcha NIH grant DK108959 to Dr.Francis,and the multiple-PIs NIH grants DK058411,DK076898,DK107310 and DK062975 belong to Drs.Alpini,Meng and Glaser.
文摘Cholangiopathies are a group of rare,devastating diseases that arise from damaged cholangiocytes,the cells that line the intra-and extra-hepatic bile ducts of the biliary epithelium.Cholangiopathies result in significant morbidity and mortality and are a major cause of liver transplantation.A better understanding of the underlying pathogenesis that influences cholangiocyte dysregulation and cholangiopathy progression is necessary,considering the dismal prognosis associated with these diseases.MicroRNAs are a class of small,non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional mRNA expression of specific genes.The role of microRNAs has expanded to include the initiation and development of many diseases,including cholangiopathies.Understanding microRNA regulation of cholangiopathies may provide diagnostic and therapeutic benefit for these diseases.In this review,the authors primarily focus on studies published within the last five years that help determine the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of microRNAs in cholangiopathies.
文摘Assuming the historical perspective of"empire-civilization"'and taking both geopolitical space and form of civilization into account,this article positions Hong Kong region as a new frontier for the mainland to be connected to the marine world and Western capitalist civilization.It aims to propose a trans-civilization approach focusing on the frontier and show the dynamic,constructive significance of the frontier zone for the center of civilization.The frontier area can not only promote the center of civilization to absorb foreign civilizations into its own development,but more importantly,the frontier is subversive and revolutionary for the center of civilization,constantly stimulating,challenging and even destroying the latter's stagnation and decay and prompting its self-innovation.Adopting this crosscivilization approach of"frontier as a method,"this article argues that the socalled"deep-seated problem"'of the return of Hong Kong region people's hearts is the product of the interweaving,conflict and integration of three civilizations in Hong Kong region,namely,Western capitalist civilization,Chinese civilization,and socialist civilization.The"decolonization"of Hong Kong region's cultural ethos needs to be incorporated into the larger vision of the future construction of Chinese civilization.On this basis,it puts forward"Hong Kong region as a method"and attaches great importance to Hong Kong region's strategic role as a new frontier for the future of Chinese civilization which may open up a new chapter of"one country,two systems."
文摘The historically rooted Chinese mental world has made the spirit an earthly question instead of a heavenly one.At the same time,the earth has been socialized to be a secular world where its transcendence as nature is excluded;therefore,a place of transcendence has had to be found and redefined on the earth so as to make a transcendent space in which to settle the spirit.Thus,the nature,referred to as the“mountains-and-waters,”has been recognized as the place of transcendence.While historical thinking still occupies secular minds,the fishermen-and-woodsmen outside the world are able to discover the transcendent historicity of history by borrowing the transcendent scale of mountains-andwaters.
