OBJECTIVE Though doxorubicin is highly active in the treatment of multiple myeloma, its toxicity profile limits its therapeutic index. We performed this study to evaluate the efficacy and liposomal doxorubicin （PLD, ...OBJECTIVE Though doxorubicin is highly active in the treatment of multiple myeloma, its toxicity profile limits its therapeutic index. We performed this study to evaluate the efficacy and liposomal doxorubicin （PLD, Ca of pegylated , vincristine, and reduced-dose dexamethasone combination therapy in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma （MM） patients in a Chinese population. METHODS This was an open-label, single-arm study in which newly diagnosed patients with MM received PLD 40 mg/m2 intravenously on Day 1, vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 intravenously （maximum 2 rag） on Day 1, and 40 mg of dexamethasone （intravenously or orally） from Day 1 to Day 4. Treatment was repeated every 28 days for at least 4 cycles. RESULTS In the intent-to-treat （ITT） analysis, the overall response rate was 68.29%, and the complete remission rate was 10.98%. The incidence of all adverse events was 46.34%. The most common non-hematologic toxicities were palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia （13.4%） and stomatitis （6.1%）. CONCLUSION PLD, vincristine, and a reduceddose dexamethasone combination （DVd） is an effective and safe regimen in newly diagnosed MM patients in a Chinese population.展开更多
As one of the most important commodity futures,the price forecasting of natural gas futures is of great signifi-cance for hedging and risk aversion.This paper mainly focuses on natural gas futures pricing which consid...As one of the most important commodity futures,the price forecasting of natural gas futures is of great signifi-cance for hedging and risk aversion.This paper mainly focuses on natural gas futures pricing which considers seasonalityfluctuations.In order to study this issue,we propose a modified approach called six-factor model,in which the influence of seasonalfluctuations are eliminated in every random factor.Using Monte Carlo method,wefirst assess and comparative analyze thefitting ability of three-factor model and six-factor model for the out of sample data.It is found that six-factor model has better performance than three-factor model and natural gas futures prices is strongly influenced by winter effect.We then apply the proposed model to predict the price of natural gas futures in the year 2019.It is found that natural gas prices have a weak upward trend in the coming year and are relatively volatile in winter.展开更多
The von Neumann architecture is encountering challenges,including the“memory wall”and“power wall”due to the separation of memory and central processing units,which imposes a major hurdle on today's massive dat...The von Neumann architecture is encountering challenges,including the“memory wall”and“power wall”due to the separation of memory and central processing units,which imposes a major hurdle on today's massive data processing.Neuromorphic computing,which combines data storage and spatiotemporal computation at the hardware level,represents a computing paradigm that surpasses the traditional von Neumann architecture.Artificial synapses are the basic building blocks of the artificial neural networks capable of neuromorphic computing,and require a high on/off ratio,high durability,low nonlinearity,and multiple conductance states.Recently,two-dimensional(2D)materials and their heterojunctions have emerged as a nanoscale hardware development platform for synaptic devices due to their intrinsic high surface-to-volume ratios and sensitivity to charge transfer at interfaces.Here,the latest progress of 2D material-based artificial synapses is reviewed regarding biomimetic principles,physical mechanisms,optimization methods,and application scenarios.In particular,there is a focus on how to improve resistive switching characteristics and synaptic plasticity of artificial synapses to meet actual needs.Finally,key technical challenges and future development paths for 2D material-based artificial neural networks are also explored.展开更多
The safe transportation of hydrogen is significantly challenged by its inherent flammabilityand explosivity.Mitigating explosion risks in hydrogen pipelines constitutes the primary objective of this work.Utilizing an ...The safe transportation of hydrogen is significantly challenged by its inherent flammabilityand explosivity.Mitigating explosion risks in hydrogen pipelines constitutes the primary objective of this work.Utilizing an experimental platform for explosion venting and flame-arresting,hydrogen explosion experiments were conducted to examine the influenceof venting pressure,pores per inch(PPI),porosity,and copper foam thickness on peak explosion pressure and flame-arrestingperformance within a pipeline.Fluent numerical simulations were employed to validate structural differences in flame-arrestingmaterials,and the flame-arrestingmechanism was analyzed in conjunction with flow fieldcharacteristics.The results indicate that as the venting pressure increases,the amount of unburned gas entering the pipeline from the container decreases,causing the secondary pressure peak to disappear and reducing the difficultyof flamearresting.The failure mechanism of 20 mm thick copper foam flame-arrestingis divided into two types:the heat removal rate of the flame-arrestingmaterial and the collision consumption of active free radicals are insufficientto force the flameto quench(20 PPIƐ=96%)and the copper foam is damaged by the pressure wave in the pipeline,resulting in its loss of flame-arresting(60 PPIƐ=96%).On the premise that the flame-arrestingis successful,the larger the PPI,porosity,and thickness,the larger the inner cavity of the copper foam,which will enhance the pressure hindering and absorption effect,which will help the pipeline flame-arresting.This research elucidates the flame-arrestingmechanism under pressure wave flamecoupling,providing a foundational theory for the explosion venting design of industrial hydrogen storage containers.展开更多
Dasatinib is a highly effective second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).In 2007,a pivotal phase-2 study of dasatinib as second-line treatment was initiated in 140 Chine...Dasatinib is a highly effective second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).In 2007,a pivotal phase-2 study of dasatinib as second-line treatment was initiated in 140 Chinese CML patients.This report from the 4-year follow-up revealed that 73% of 59 patients in chronic phase (CML-CP) and 32% of 25 patients in accelerated phase (CML-AP) remained under treatment.The initial dosage of dasatinib for CML-CP and CML-AP patients were 100 mg once daily and 70 mg twice daily (total=140 mg/ day),respectively.The cumulative major cytogenetic response (MCyR) rate among patients with CML-CP was 66.1%(versus 50.8% at 18 months),and the median time to MCyR was 12.7 weeks.All CML-CP patients who achieved MCyR after a 4-year follow-up also achieved a complete cytogenetic response.The cumulative complete hematological response (CHR) rate among patients with CML-AP was 64%(16/25),with three CML-AP patients achieving CHR between 18 months and 4 years of follow-up;the median time to CHR was 16.4 weeks.The adverse event (AE) profile of dasatinib at 4 years was similar to that at 6 and 18 months.The most frequently reported AEs (any grade) included pleural effusion,headache,and myelosuppression.These long-term follow-up data continue to support dasatinib as a second-line treatment for Chinese patients with CML.展开更多
China is experiencing accelerated urbanisation,with a large number of people moving from rural to urban areas[1].It has resulted in large losses in the net primary production(NPP),biodiversity and carbon stocks and an...China is experiencing accelerated urbanisation,with a large number of people moving from rural to urban areas[1].It has resulted in large losses in the net primary production(NPP),biodiversity and carbon stocks and an increase in environmental pollution and CO_(2)emissions[2–4].In 2015,196 countries signed the Paris Agreement and committed to setting long-term goals to jointly manage climate change and reduce their individual emissions,aiming to control the increase in global average temperature from the pre-industrial level to below 2℃and to curtail the temperature rise within 1.5℃till the end of the 21st century[5].China is bolstering its efforts to achieve the climate change mitigation goals and has announced a plan for achieving carbon neutrality by 2060[6].The carbon neutrality goal poses a challenge to the current policies promoting rapid urbanisation across China.展开更多
The atomic-to-molecular gas conversion is a critical step in the baryon cycle of galaxies,which sets the initial conditions for subsequent star formation and influences the multi-phase interstellar medium.We compiled ...The atomic-to-molecular gas conversion is a critical step in the baryon cycle of galaxies,which sets the initial conditions for subsequent star formation and influences the multi-phase interstellar medium.We compiled a sample of 94 nearby galaxies with observations of multi-phase gas contents by utilizing public H_(Ⅰ),CO,and optical IFU data from the Ma NGA survey together with new FAST H_(Ⅰ)observations.In agreement with previous results,our sample shows that the global molecular-to-atomic gas ratio(R_(mol)≡log M_(H2)/M_(H_(Ⅰ)))is correlated with the global stellar mass surface densityμ_*with a Kendall'sτcoefficient of 0.25 and p<10^(-3),less tightly but still correlated with stellar mass and NUV-r color,and not related to the specific star formation rate(sSFR).The cold gas distribution and kinematics inferred from the H_(Ⅰ)and CO global profile asymmetry and shape do not significantly rely on R_(mol).Thanks to the availability of kpc-scale observations of MaNGA,we decompose galaxies into H_(Ⅱ),composite,and AGN-dominated regions by using the BPT diagrams.With increasing R_(mol),the fraction of H_(Ⅱ)regions within 1.5 effective radius decreases slightly;the density distribution in the spatially resolved BPT diagram also changes significantly,suggesting changes in metallicity and ionization states.Galaxies with high R_(mol)tend to have high oxygen abundance,both at one effective radius with a Kendall'sτcoefficient of 0.37(p<10^(-3))and their central regions.Among all parameters investigated here,the oxygen abundance at one effective radius has the strongest relation with global R_(mol).The dependence of gas conversion on gas distribution and galaxy ionization states is weak.In contrast,the observed positive relation between oxygen abundance(μ_(*))and R_(mol)indicates that the gas conversion is efficient in regions of high metallicity(density).展开更多
The aim of this study is to explore the effective-ness of autologous peripheral hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in the treatment of refractory pemphigus.A 35-year-old male patient presented with a 4-year histo...The aim of this study is to explore the effective-ness of autologous peripheral hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in the treatment of refractory pemphigus.A 35-year-old male patient presented with a 4-year history of recurrent bullae on his trunk and extremities.The dia-gnosis of pemphigus was made on the basis of the clinical,histologic and immunofluorescence findings.The patient had shown resistance to conventional therapy with gluco-corticoid and immunosuppressive agents.Two months before admission,he complained of hip joint pain.X-ray and CT scan revealed aseptic necrosis of the femoral head.Stem-cell mobilization was achieved by treatment with cyclophosphamide,granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF)and rituximab.Peripheral blood stem cells were collected via leukapheresis and cryopreserved for later use.Immunoablation was accomplished by using cyclophospha-mide(200 mg/kg;divided into 50 mg/kg on days-5,-4,-3,and-2),antithymocyte globulin(ATG;10 mg/kg;divided into 2.5 mg/kg on days-6,-5,-4,and-3),and rituximab(1200 mg/d;divided into 600 mg/d on days 0 and 7).Autologous peripheral hematopoietic stem cell transplanta-tion was followed by reconstitution of the immune system which was monitored by flow cytometry.The glucocorti-coid was withdrawn immediately after transplantation.The pemphigus titer turned negative 6 weeks after transplanta-tion and remained negative.The patient was in complete drug-free remission with no evidence of residual clinical or serological activity of pemphigus during 1 year of follow-up.The patient’s response suggests that autologous peri-pheral hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be a potential“cure”for refractory pemphigus.However,fur-ther studies are needed to evaluate the risk-benefit ratio of this approach in patients with pemphigus showing resist-ance to conventional therapy.展开更多
Integration testing is an integral part of software testing.Prior studies have focused on reducing test cost in integration test order generation.However,there are no studies concerning the testing priorities of criti...Integration testing is an integral part of software testing.Prior studies have focused on reducing test cost in integration test order generation.However,there are no studies concerning the testing priorities of critical classes when generating integration test orders.Such priorities greatly affect testing efficiency.In this study,we propose an effective strategy that considers both test cost and efficiency when generating test orders.According to a series of dynamic execution scenarios,the software is mapped into a multi-layer dynamic execution network(MDEN)model.By analyzing the dynamic structural complexity,an evaluation scheme is proposed to quantify the class testing priority with the defined class risk index.Cost–benefit analysis is used to perform cycle-breaking operations,satisfying two principles:assigning higher priorities to higher-risk classes and minimizing the total complexity of test stubs.We also present a strategy to evaluate the effectiveness of integration test order algorithms by calculating the reduction of software risk during their testing process.Experiment results show that our approach performs better across software of different scales,in comparison with the existing algorithms that aim only to minimize test cost.Finally,we implement a tool,ITOsolution,to help practitioners automatically generate test orders.展开更多
Asia stands out as a priority for urgent biodiversity conservation due to its large protected areas(PAs)and threatened species.Since the 21st century,both the highlands and lowlands of Asia have been experiencing the ...Asia stands out as a priority for urgent biodiversity conservation due to its large protected areas(PAs)and threatened species.Since the 21st century,both the highlands and lowlands of Asia have been experiencing the dramatic human expansion.However,the threat degree of human expansion to biodiversity is poorly understood.Here,the threat degree of human expansion to biodiversity over 2000 to 2020 in Asia at the continental(Asia),national(48 Asian countries),and hotspot(6,502 Asian terrestrial PAs established before 2000)scales is investigated by integrating multiple large-scale data.The results show that human expansion poses widespread threat to biodiversity in Asia,especially in Southeast Asia,with Malaysia,Cambodia,and Vietnam having the largest threat degrees(~1.5 to 1.7 times of the Asian average level).Human expansion in highlands induces higher threats to biodiversity than that in lowlands in one-third Asian countries(most Southeast Asian countries).The regions with threats to biodiversity are present in~75%terrestrial PAs(including 4,866 PAs in 26 countries),and human expansion in PAs triggers higher threat degrees to biodiversity than that in non-PAs.Our findings provide novel insight for the Sustainable Development Goal 15(SDG-15 Life on Land)and suggest that human expansion in Southeast Asian countries and PAs might hinder the realization of SDG-15.To reduce the threat degree,Asian developing countries should accelerate economic transformation,and the developed countries in the world should reduce the demands for commodity trade in Southeast Asian countries(i.e.,trade leading to the loss of wildlife habitats)to alleviate human expansion,especially in PAs and highlands.展开更多
With continuous expansion of capacity and scale of new power systems,series supplementary capacitors are often adopted to improve transmission capacity of lines,but aggravate the risk of sub-synchronous oscillation(SS...With continuous expansion of capacity and scale of new power systems,series supplementary capacitors are often adopted to improve transmission capacity of lines,but aggravate the risk of sub-synchronous oscillation(SSO)in the power system.SSO will cause voltage oscillation of the doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG)DC bus through the grid side converter(GSC),which will affect control performance of the rotor side converter(RSC),thus leading to power oscillation of the whole power generation system.Therefore,in order to solve the problem of SSO's disturbance to DC bus voltage,this paper brings forward a GSC backstepping SSO suppression strategy based on frequency self-adaptive control.First,the GSC mathematical model under SSO is established,and key factors influencing the DC bus voltage and oscillation suppression strategy of SSO are explored.Then,based on principle analysis of backstepping design and frequency self-adaptive control,the steady-state wave component and SSO component of DFIG DC bus voltage are adjusted respectively,by backstepping controller and frequency self-adaptive controller,to avoid interference of power grid SSO on GSC control.Finally,a simulation model and an experimental platform are built to prove reliability of the proposed theory in this paper and corresponding control strategy.Simulation and experimental results indicate the proposed control strategy can effectively restrain voltage fluctuation of DC bus in GSC under the influence of SSO.展开更多
Understanding the atomic-scale structural dynamics that enable ultrahigh piezoelectric responses in lead-free piezoceramics remains a central challenge in materials science.Here,we employ in situ electric field pair d...Understanding the atomic-scale structural dynamics that enable ultrahigh piezoelectric responses in lead-free piezoceramics remains a central challenge in materials science.Here,we employ in situ electric field pair distribution function(PDF)analysis to elucidate the local structural origin of a KNN-based piezoceramic with a nominal composition of 0.964K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)Nb_(0.965)Sb_(0.035)O_(3)-0.03(Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5))_(0.9)(Ga_(0.5)Li_(0.5))_(0.1)ZrO_(3)-0.006BiFeO_(3) that has an exceptional piezoelectricity coefficient(d_(33)>500 pC/N).Combined Rietveld refinement,PDF fitting,and reverse Monte Carlo simulations revealed the coexistence of long-range tetragonal and orthorhombic phases with local c-type monoclinic symmetry.In situ electric field PDF analyses indicated a reversible polarization rotation between the<001>PC and<110>PC directions via a monoclinic plane,with a critical switching field of approximately 0.4 kV/mm.These findings establish polarization rotation,rather than abrupt phase transitions,as the governing mechanism for the enhanced piezoresponse,providing a structural design principle for next-generation lead-free piezoelectrics.展开更多
文摘OBJECTIVE Though doxorubicin is highly active in the treatment of multiple myeloma, its toxicity profile limits its therapeutic index. We performed this study to evaluate the efficacy and liposomal doxorubicin （PLD, Ca of pegylated , vincristine, and reduced-dose dexamethasone combination therapy in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma （MM） patients in a Chinese population. METHODS This was an open-label, single-arm study in which newly diagnosed patients with MM received PLD 40 mg/m2 intravenously on Day 1, vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 intravenously （maximum 2 rag） on Day 1, and 40 mg of dexamethasone （intravenously or orally） from Day 1 to Day 4. Treatment was repeated every 28 days for at least 4 cycles. RESULTS In the intent-to-treat （ITT） analysis, the overall response rate was 68.29%, and the complete remission rate was 10.98%. The incidence of all adverse events was 46.34%. The most common non-hematologic toxicities were palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia （13.4%） and stomatitis （6.1%）. CONCLUSION PLD, vincristine, and a reduceddose dexamethasone combination （DVd） is an effective and safe regimen in newly diagnosed MM patients in a Chinese population.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.71704080,71774087,71403131)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.30917013101)+3 种基金the Research Foundation of School of Economics and Management of Nanjing University of Science and Technology for the Young Scholar(JGQN1704)the Cultural Experts and“Four batch”Talents Independently Selected Topic Project(ZXGZ[2018]86)the Jiangsu Province Natural Science Foundation of China(BK20171422)Jiangsu Province Graduate Research and Practice Innovation Plan(KYCX19_0210).
文摘As one of the most important commodity futures,the price forecasting of natural gas futures is of great signifi-cance for hedging and risk aversion.This paper mainly focuses on natural gas futures pricing which considers seasonalityfluctuations.In order to study this issue,we propose a modified approach called six-factor model,in which the influence of seasonalfluctuations are eliminated in every random factor.Using Monte Carlo method,wefirst assess and comparative analyze thefitting ability of three-factor model and six-factor model for the out of sample data.It is found that six-factor model has better performance than three-factor model and natural gas futures prices is strongly influenced by winter effect.We then apply the proposed model to predict the price of natural gas futures in the year 2019.It is found that natural gas prices have a weak upward trend in the coming year and are relatively volatile in winter.
基金supported by the Open Research of Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory(2023SLABFK07)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62304151,62204170 and 62474124)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M742585)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(24JCQNJC00520)the State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems(GZKF-202327).
文摘The von Neumann architecture is encountering challenges,including the“memory wall”and“power wall”due to the separation of memory and central processing units,which imposes a major hurdle on today's massive data processing.Neuromorphic computing,which combines data storage and spatiotemporal computation at the hardware level,represents a computing paradigm that surpasses the traditional von Neumann architecture.Artificial synapses are the basic building blocks of the artificial neural networks capable of neuromorphic computing,and require a high on/off ratio,high durability,low nonlinearity,and multiple conductance states.Recently,two-dimensional(2D)materials and their heterojunctions have emerged as a nanoscale hardware development platform for synaptic devices due to their intrinsic high surface-to-volume ratios and sensitivity to charge transfer at interfaces.Here,the latest progress of 2D material-based artificial synapses is reviewed regarding biomimetic principles,physical mechanisms,optimization methods,and application scenarios.In particular,there is a focus on how to improve resistive switching characteristics and synaptic plasticity of artificial synapses to meet actual needs.Finally,key technical challenges and future development paths for 2D material-based artificial neural networks are also explored.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52474250 and 52174200).
文摘The safe transportation of hydrogen is significantly challenged by its inherent flammabilityand explosivity.Mitigating explosion risks in hydrogen pipelines constitutes the primary objective of this work.Utilizing an experimental platform for explosion venting and flame-arresting,hydrogen explosion experiments were conducted to examine the influenceof venting pressure,pores per inch(PPI),porosity,and copper foam thickness on peak explosion pressure and flame-arrestingperformance within a pipeline.Fluent numerical simulations were employed to validate structural differences in flame-arrestingmaterials,and the flame-arrestingmechanism was analyzed in conjunction with flow fieldcharacteristics.The results indicate that as the venting pressure increases,the amount of unburned gas entering the pipeline from the container decreases,causing the secondary pressure peak to disappear and reducing the difficultyof flamearresting.The failure mechanism of 20 mm thick copper foam flame-arrestingis divided into two types:the heat removal rate of the flame-arrestingmaterial and the collision consumption of active free radicals are insufficientto force the flameto quench(20 PPIƐ=96%)and the copper foam is damaged by the pressure wave in the pipeline,resulting in its loss of flame-arresting(60 PPIƐ=96%).On the premise that the flame-arrestingis successful,the larger the PPI,porosity,and thickness,the larger the inner cavity of the copper foam,which will enhance the pressure hindering and absorption effect,which will help the pipeline flame-arresting.This research elucidates the flame-arrestingmechanism under pressure wave flamecoupling,providing a foundational theory for the explosion venting design of industrial hydrogen storage containers.
文摘Dasatinib is a highly effective second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).In 2007,a pivotal phase-2 study of dasatinib as second-line treatment was initiated in 140 Chinese CML patients.This report from the 4-year follow-up revealed that 73% of 59 patients in chronic phase (CML-CP) and 32% of 25 patients in accelerated phase (CML-AP) remained under treatment.The initial dosage of dasatinib for CML-CP and CML-AP patients were 100 mg once daily and 70 mg twice daily (total=140 mg/ day),respectively.The cumulative major cytogenetic response (MCyR) rate among patients with CML-CP was 66.1%(versus 50.8% at 18 months),and the median time to MCyR was 12.7 weeks.All CML-CP patients who achieved MCyR after a 4-year follow-up also achieved a complete cytogenetic response.The cumulative complete hematological response (CHR) rate among patients with CML-AP was 64%(16/25),with three CML-AP patients achieving CHR between 18 months and 4 years of follow-up;the median time to CHR was 16.4 weeks.The adverse event (AE) profile of dasatinib at 4 years was similar to that at 6 and 18 months.The most frequently reported AEs (any grade) included pleural effusion,headache,and myelosuppression.These long-term follow-up data continue to support dasatinib as a second-line treatment for Chinese patients with CML.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42201319,42001281,42201347 and 42001324)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515011946 and 2023A1515011216)+1 种基金the Open Funding Project of the Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application,Ministry of Natural Resources(MESTA-2021-B003)Independent Research Project of Guangming Laboratory Project:Moonshot Carbon Credit Rating Driven by AI and Remote Sensing Big Data(23400002)。
文摘China is experiencing accelerated urbanisation,with a large number of people moving from rural to urban areas[1].It has resulted in large losses in the net primary production(NPP),biodiversity and carbon stocks and an increase in environmental pollution and CO_(2)emissions[2–4].In 2015,196 countries signed the Paris Agreement and committed to setting long-term goals to jointly manage climate change and reduce their individual emissions,aiming to control the increase in global average temperature from the pre-industrial level to below 2℃and to curtail the temperature rise within 1.5℃till the end of the 21st century[5].China is bolstering its efforts to achieve the climate change mitigation goals and has announced a plan for achieving carbon neutrality by 2060[6].The carbon neutrality goal poses a challenge to the current policies promoting rapid urbanisation across China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11988101,11973051,12041302,12373012,11903003,and U1931110)the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11973030)+6 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2022M723175,and GZB20230766)the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.114A11KYSB20210010)the National Key Research and Program of China(Grant Nos.2023YFE0110500,2023YFA1608004,and 2023YFC2206403)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2022YFA1605300)supported by the Young Researcher Grant of Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities of National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe fellowship of China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovation Talents(Grant No.BX20220301)supported by the project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M703236)。
文摘The atomic-to-molecular gas conversion is a critical step in the baryon cycle of galaxies,which sets the initial conditions for subsequent star formation and influences the multi-phase interstellar medium.We compiled a sample of 94 nearby galaxies with observations of multi-phase gas contents by utilizing public H_(Ⅰ),CO,and optical IFU data from the Ma NGA survey together with new FAST H_(Ⅰ)observations.In agreement with previous results,our sample shows that the global molecular-to-atomic gas ratio(R_(mol)≡log M_(H2)/M_(H_(Ⅰ)))is correlated with the global stellar mass surface densityμ_*with a Kendall'sτcoefficient of 0.25 and p<10^(-3),less tightly but still correlated with stellar mass and NUV-r color,and not related to the specific star formation rate(sSFR).The cold gas distribution and kinematics inferred from the H_(Ⅰ)and CO global profile asymmetry and shape do not significantly rely on R_(mol).Thanks to the availability of kpc-scale observations of MaNGA,we decompose galaxies into H_(Ⅱ),composite,and AGN-dominated regions by using the BPT diagrams.With increasing R_(mol),the fraction of H_(Ⅱ)regions within 1.5 effective radius decreases slightly;the density distribution in the spatially resolved BPT diagram also changes significantly,suggesting changes in metallicity and ionization states.Galaxies with high R_(mol)tend to have high oxygen abundance,both at one effective radius with a Kendall'sτcoefficient of 0.37(p<10^(-3))and their central regions.Among all parameters investigated here,the oxygen abundance at one effective radius has the strongest relation with global R_(mol).The dependence of gas conversion on gas distribution and galaxy ionization states is weak.In contrast,the observed positive relation between oxygen abundance(μ_(*))and R_(mol)indicates that the gas conversion is efficient in regions of high metallicity(density).
文摘The aim of this study is to explore the effective-ness of autologous peripheral hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in the treatment of refractory pemphigus.A 35-year-old male patient presented with a 4-year history of recurrent bullae on his trunk and extremities.The dia-gnosis of pemphigus was made on the basis of the clinical,histologic and immunofluorescence findings.The patient had shown resistance to conventional therapy with gluco-corticoid and immunosuppressive agents.Two months before admission,he complained of hip joint pain.X-ray and CT scan revealed aseptic necrosis of the femoral head.Stem-cell mobilization was achieved by treatment with cyclophosphamide,granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF)and rituximab.Peripheral blood stem cells were collected via leukapheresis and cryopreserved for later use.Immunoablation was accomplished by using cyclophospha-mide(200 mg/kg;divided into 50 mg/kg on days-5,-4,-3,and-2),antithymocyte globulin(ATG;10 mg/kg;divided into 2.5 mg/kg on days-6,-5,-4,and-3),and rituximab(1200 mg/d;divided into 600 mg/d on days 0 and 7).Autologous peripheral hematopoietic stem cell transplanta-tion was followed by reconstitution of the immune system which was monitored by flow cytometry.The glucocorti-coid was withdrawn immediately after transplantation.The pemphigus titer turned negative 6 weeks after transplanta-tion and remained negative.The patient was in complete drug-free remission with no evidence of residual clinical or serological activity of pemphigus during 1 year of follow-up.The patient’s response suggests that autologous peri-pheral hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be a potential“cure”for refractory pemphigus.However,fur-ther studies are needed to evaluate the risk-benefit ratio of this approach in patients with pemphigus showing resist-ance to conventional therapy.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61902056,61977014,and 61603082)the Shenyang Young and Middle-Aged Talent Support Program,China(No.ZX20200272)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.N2017011)the Open Fund of State Key Lab for Novel Software Technology,Nanjing University,China(No.KFKT2021B01)。
文摘Integration testing is an integral part of software testing.Prior studies have focused on reducing test cost in integration test order generation.However,there are no studies concerning the testing priorities of critical classes when generating integration test orders.Such priorities greatly affect testing efficiency.In this study,we propose an effective strategy that considers both test cost and efficiency when generating test orders.According to a series of dynamic execution scenarios,the software is mapped into a multi-layer dynamic execution network(MDEN)model.By analyzing the dynamic structural complexity,an evaluation scheme is proposed to quantify the class testing priority with the defined class risk index.Cost–benefit analysis is used to perform cycle-breaking operations,satisfying two principles:assigning higher priorities to higher-risk classes and minimizing the total complexity of test stubs.We also present a strategy to evaluate the effectiveness of integration test order algorithms by calculating the reduction of software risk during their testing process.Experiment results show that our approach performs better across software of different scales,in comparison with the existing algorithms that aim only to minimize test cost.Finally,we implement a tool,ITOsolution,to help practitioners automatically generate test orders.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(42201319)the Basic Research Project of Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(JCYJ20180507182022554)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71961137003,41890854,and 62102268)the Shenzhen Polytechnic Youth Innovation Project(6021310008K)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M702231)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Funding Program of Guangdong Province of China(2019A1515110303).
文摘Asia stands out as a priority for urgent biodiversity conservation due to its large protected areas(PAs)and threatened species.Since the 21st century,both the highlands and lowlands of Asia have been experiencing the dramatic human expansion.However,the threat degree of human expansion to biodiversity is poorly understood.Here,the threat degree of human expansion to biodiversity over 2000 to 2020 in Asia at the continental(Asia),national(48 Asian countries),and hotspot(6,502 Asian terrestrial PAs established before 2000)scales is investigated by integrating multiple large-scale data.The results show that human expansion poses widespread threat to biodiversity in Asia,especially in Southeast Asia,with Malaysia,Cambodia,and Vietnam having the largest threat degrees(~1.5 to 1.7 times of the Asian average level).Human expansion in highlands induces higher threats to biodiversity than that in lowlands in one-third Asian countries(most Southeast Asian countries).The regions with threats to biodiversity are present in~75%terrestrial PAs(including 4,866 PAs in 26 countries),and human expansion in PAs triggers higher threat degrees to biodiversity than that in non-PAs.Our findings provide novel insight for the Sustainable Development Goal 15(SDG-15 Life on Land)and suggest that human expansion in Southeast Asian countries and PAs might hinder the realization of SDG-15.To reduce the threat degree,Asian developing countries should accelerate economic transformation,and the developed countries in the world should reduce the demands for commodity trade in Southeast Asian countries(i.e.,trade leading to the loss of wildlife habitats)to alleviate human expansion,especially in PAs and highlands.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2066210)。
文摘With continuous expansion of capacity and scale of new power systems,series supplementary capacitors are often adopted to improve transmission capacity of lines,but aggravate the risk of sub-synchronous oscillation(SSO)in the power system.SSO will cause voltage oscillation of the doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG)DC bus through the grid side converter(GSC),which will affect control performance of the rotor side converter(RSC),thus leading to power oscillation of the whole power generation system.Therefore,in order to solve the problem of SSO's disturbance to DC bus voltage,this paper brings forward a GSC backstepping SSO suppression strategy based on frequency self-adaptive control.First,the GSC mathematical model under SSO is established,and key factors influencing the DC bus voltage and oscillation suppression strategy of SSO are explored.Then,based on principle analysis of backstepping design and frequency self-adaptive control,the steady-state wave component and SSO component of DFIG DC bus voltage are adjusted respectively,by backstepping controller and frequency self-adaptive controller,to avoid interference of power grid SSO on GSC control.Finally,a simulation model and an experimental platform are built to prove reliability of the proposed theory in this paper and corresponding control strategy.Simulation and experimental results indicate the proposed control strategy can effectively restrain voltage fluctuation of DC bus in GSC under the influence of SSO.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52304250)Xi'an Youth Talent Lifting Plan(No.959202413071)+6 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M732825)Shaanxi Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023BSHTBZZ42)the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52307030)the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12474091)the Foundation of Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program(No.2025NSFJQ0026)the support from National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFF1400702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12574103).
文摘Understanding the atomic-scale structural dynamics that enable ultrahigh piezoelectric responses in lead-free piezoceramics remains a central challenge in materials science.Here,we employ in situ electric field pair distribution function(PDF)analysis to elucidate the local structural origin of a KNN-based piezoceramic with a nominal composition of 0.964K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)Nb_(0.965)Sb_(0.035)O_(3)-0.03(Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5))_(0.9)(Ga_(0.5)Li_(0.5))_(0.1)ZrO_(3)-0.006BiFeO_(3) that has an exceptional piezoelectricity coefficient(d_(33)>500 pC/N).Combined Rietveld refinement,PDF fitting,and reverse Monte Carlo simulations revealed the coexistence of long-range tetragonal and orthorhombic phases with local c-type monoclinic symmetry.In situ electric field PDF analyses indicated a reversible polarization rotation between the<001>PC and<110>PC directions via a monoclinic plane,with a critical switching field of approximately 0.4 kV/mm.These findings establish polarization rotation,rather than abrupt phase transitions,as the governing mechanism for the enhanced piezoresponse,providing a structural design principle for next-generation lead-free piezoelectrics.
