Under most models of the early universe evolution, high-frequency gravitational waves (HFGWs) were produced. They are referred to as “relic” high-frequency gravitational waves or HFRGWs and their detection and measu...Under most models of the early universe evolution, high-frequency gravitational waves (HFGWs) were produced. They are referred to as “relic” high-frequency gravitational waves or HFRGWs and their detection and measurement could provide important information on the origin and development of our Universe – information that could not otherwise be obtained. So far three instruments have been built to detect and measure HFRGWs, but so far none of them has achieved the required sensitivity. This paper concerns another detector, originally proposed by Baker in 2000 and patented, which is based upon a recently discovered physical effect (the Li effect);this detector has accordingly been named the “Li-Baker detector.” The detector has been a joint development effort by the P. R. China and the United States HFGW research teams. A rigorous examination of the detector’s performance is important in the ongoing debate over the value of attempting to construct a Li-Baker detector and, in particular, an accurate prediction of its sensitivity in the presence of significant noise will decide whether the Li-Baker detector will be capable of detecting and measuring HFRGWs. The potential for useful HFRGW measurement is theoretically confirmed.展开更多
Steadily increasing time is involved in most scientific analyses. Like other dimensions in spacetime we suggest that there can be a variation rate of time’s progress or speed of time in the time dimension. We study s...Steadily increasing time is involved in most scientific analyses. Like other dimensions in spacetime we suggest that there can be a variation rate of time’s progress or speed of time in the time dimension. We study speed-of-time variation observational data in three processes: muon decay, galaxy rotation (related to dark matter) and the separation speed of celestial objects as our Universe progresses (related to dark energy). Each of these processes will have an “observed value” of their time of completion <em>P</em><sub><em>o</em></sub> from an observation of the process at time <em>t</em><sub><em>1</em></sub> and an “expected value” <em>P</em><sub><em>e</em></sub> of that time at time <em>t</em><sub><em>2</em></sub>. Their difference is attributed to the variation of the speed of time. We provide a possible explanation for the anomalous separation of the observed and the expected galactic velocity curves. Our conclusion is that it is unnecessary to introduce dark matter or dark energy.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?Environmental and occupational lead exposure has generally declined in the past two decades.However,there is no large-scale monitoring of blood lead levels(BLLs)in the Chinese ge...What is already known about this topic?Environmental and occupational lead exposure has generally declined in the past two decades.However,there is no large-scale monitoring of blood lead levels(BLLs)in the Chinese general population.What is added by this report?This nationally representative study showed declines of BLLs in all ages of participants;for children aged 3–5 years,down from 78.1μg/L to 16.9μg/L,corresponding to 78.4%decrease in the past two decades(2000–2018).What are the implications for public health practice?Recommendations for elevated BLLs on screening children at high risk now need to be revisited and updated from 100μg/L to 50μg/L in guidelines to conform with the substantial declines in China.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Previous research indicates that non-occupational physical activity can reduce mortality risk.Nevertheless,the relationship between occupational physical activity and hea...Summary What is already known about this topic?Previous research indicates that non-occupational physical activity can reduce mortality risk.Nevertheless,the relationship between occupational physical activity and health improvements has not been consistently established.What is added by this report?The study found that regular exercise and leisure activities reduced the risk of all-cause mortality.However,the combination of exercise and leisure activities demonstrated more substantial benefits.Additionally,no meaningful association was identified between physical work and mortality risk within the older population.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Thallium(Tl)is significantly more toxic than heavy metals such as lead,cadmium,and mercury.However,previous studies examining the relationship between Tl exposure and the...Summary What is already known about this topic?Thallium(Tl)is significantly more toxic than heavy metals such as lead,cadmium,and mercury.However,previous studies examining the relationship between Tl exposure and the risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD)have yielded inconsistent results.What is added by this report?展开更多
Corystosperms, an extinct group of “seed ferns” that lived from the late Permian to the Cretaceous or Eocene, are significant for seed plant phylogeny for their unique roles in partially resolving the long-standing ...Corystosperms, an extinct group of “seed ferns” that lived from the late Permian to the Cretaceous or Eocene, are significant for seed plant phylogeny for their unique roles in partially resolving the long-standing question of angiosperm origins.A new fossil wood taxon, Fengweioxylon sinense gen. et sp. nov. is reported here based on exceptionally preserved wood material from the Jurassic in western Liaoning, China, whose peculiar wood structure enables it to be recognized as the first unequivocal fossil wood record of a corystosperm plant in Laurasia. The anatomical structures of this corystosperm wood show gymnospermous characters. The discovery of the new specimen will provide more anatomical evidence for understanding the systematic and affinity of this seed plants.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?Antimony(Sb)has been identified as a new neurotoxicant that impacts neurological functions in animal studies.However,its effects on the human population remain unknown.What is ad...What is already known about this topic?Antimony(Sb)has been identified as a new neurotoxicant that impacts neurological functions in animal studies.However,its effects on the human population remain unknown.What is added by this report?The study reveals that there is an association between exposure to Sb and a higher incidence of cognitive impairment in older adults.The dose-response curve demonstrates that the risk of cognitive impairment consistently increased with higher levels of Sb exposure without a discernible threshold.What are the implications for public health practice?Reducing exposure to Sb may have a beneficial effect in delaying or preventing the onset of cognitive impairment.This intervention has the potential to significantly decrease the disease burden associated with cognitive impairment,ultimately contributing to social development.展开更多
Osteoarthritis(OA)is a degenerative bone disease associated with aging.The rising global aging population has led to a surge in OA cases,thereby imposing a significant socioeconomic burden.Researchers have been keenly...Osteoarthritis(OA)is a degenerative bone disease associated with aging.The rising global aging population has led to a surge in OA cases,thereby imposing a significant socioeconomic burden.Researchers have been keenly investigating the mechanisms underlying OA.Previous studies have suggested that the disease starts with synovial inflammation and hyperplasia,advancing toward cartilage degradation.Ultimately,subchondral-bone collapse,sclerosis,and osteophyte formation occur.This progression is deemed as“top to bottom.”However,recent research is challenging this perspective by indicating that initial changes occur in subchondral bone,precipitating cartilage breakdown.In this review,we elucidate the epidemiology of OA and present an in-depth overview of the subchondral bone’s physiological state,functions,and the varied pathological shifts during OA progression.We also introduce the role of multifunctional signal pathways(including osteoprotegerin(OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand(RANKL)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B(RANK),and chemokine(CXC motif)ligand 12(CXCL12)/CXC motif chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4))in the pathology of subchondral bone and their role in the“bottom-up”progression of OA.Using vivid pattern maps and clinical images,this review highlights the crucial role of subchondral bone in driving OA progression,illuminating its interplay with the condition.展开更多
Recently, with the precise laser interferometers the LIGO- Virgo collaboration [ 1-4] has realized the direct detection of the GWs, by probing their minute mechanical displacements. The peak strains of the detected GW...Recently, with the precise laser interferometers the LIGO- Virgo collaboration [ 1-4] has realized the direct detection of the GWs, by probing their minute mechanical displacements. The peak strains of the detected GWs are at the order of 10-21 and their frequencies are in the low- and intermediate frequency band, i.e., dozens and hundreds of Hertz. Given the GWs could exist at any frequency [5, 6], in principle, probing the GWs in the wider bands [7, 8], typically the high frequency GWs expected by a series of models for cosmology and high-energy astrophysical processes [9-12], is still a challenge [13].展开更多
Seeking continuous development,a modern community must also be able to adapt to future possible challenges using constrained or limited resources.As a revolutionary communication paradigm,the Internet of Things(IoT)em...Seeking continuous development,a modern community must also be able to adapt to future possible challenges using constrained or limited resources.As a revolutionary communication paradigm,the Internet of Things(IoT)empowers the cutting-edge and emerging applications which enable manifold new intelligent services towards a smart community.The sophisticated ecosystem of a digital community is made feasible by the IoT infrastructure,which also provides community control with access to a wealth of actual data.In addition,IoT platforms empower the ubiquitous computing ability,providing more potentials to the actuators in perception layer in the IoT architecture.With more and more population in the urban areas,sustainability issues have become a key factor to consider in the development of a digital community.We give a modern survey in this study on the most recent developments in IoT for sustainable digital communities.After carefully examining the most recent literature,we specifically highlight the various smart digital community application scenarios,such as smart buildings,energy management,green transportation,trash management,etc.We also look into a number of major issues facing the use of IoT technology in digital communities.Furthermore,we discuss potential future applications and future research areas for IoT,the critical component of sustainable digital communities.展开更多
The Jehol Biota,an Early Cretaceous(~120 Ma)terrestrial lagerst??tte in northeastern China,is globally renowned for its exceptionally well-preserved fossil assemblages,which illuminate the origin and evolution of dive...The Jehol Biota,an Early Cretaceous(~120 Ma)terrestrial lagerst??tte in northeastern China,is globally renowned for its exceptionally well-preserved fossil assemblages,which illuminate the origin and evolution of diverse taxa,most notably angiosperms,aves,and mammals[1-3].It represents a pivotal window into the evolutionary assembly of modern terrestrial ecosystems[3].In extant terrestrial ecosystems,fungi play an integral role as ecosystem agents,governing soil carbon cycling,plant nutrition,and pathology[4].展开更多
Fault diagnosis techniques,which are crucial in the field of industrial intelligent manufacturing,are capable of equipment performance maintenance and productivity improvement.In fault diagnosis,multi-type sensors are...Fault diagnosis techniques,which are crucial in the field of industrial intelligent manufacturing,are capable of equipment performance maintenance and productivity improvement.In fault diagnosis,multi-type sensors are commonly used for monitoring because a single data source fails to provide sufficient information to support the comprehensive analysis and accurate diagnosis.Hidden information between modes can be mined using data fusion techniques,enabling more effective decision-making and condition analysis.However,the data measured by multiple sensors are subject to issues such as varying types,an imbalanced ratio of positive to negative samples,and significant differences in data structure,making multi-source data fusion and inter-feature information acquisition challenging.To address these problems,we propose a fault diagnosis method based on dynamic convolution and polarized self-attention(DC-PSA)feature fusion networks.Given that unimodal features are not utilized comprehensively enough,we propose a dynamic convolution-based feature self-convergence model.The ability of the model is improved by attentively aggregating multiple convolution kernels,which are combined in a form dynamically adjusted according to different inputs to fully utilize the features.To enable effective feature-level integration across modalities,we establish a cross-attention-based multimodal fusion model,where each modal branch learns multiscale spatial information independently and forms cross-channel interactions in a localized manner,which can realize the information interactions between local and global channel attention.Empirical results on the Paderborn benchmark dataset validate that the proposed method captures the complementary characteristics across signal types more effectively than existing methods,leading to a notable boost in diagnostic accuracy following the fusion process.The accuracy of the proposed model reached 98.6%,representing an improvement of 8.74%compared to the baseline model.展开更多
文摘Under most models of the early universe evolution, high-frequency gravitational waves (HFGWs) were produced. They are referred to as “relic” high-frequency gravitational waves or HFRGWs and their detection and measurement could provide important information on the origin and development of our Universe – information that could not otherwise be obtained. So far three instruments have been built to detect and measure HFRGWs, but so far none of them has achieved the required sensitivity. This paper concerns another detector, originally proposed by Baker in 2000 and patented, which is based upon a recently discovered physical effect (the Li effect);this detector has accordingly been named the “Li-Baker detector.” The detector has been a joint development effort by the P. R. China and the United States HFGW research teams. A rigorous examination of the detector’s performance is important in the ongoing debate over the value of attempting to construct a Li-Baker detector and, in particular, an accurate prediction of its sensitivity in the presence of significant noise will decide whether the Li-Baker detector will be capable of detecting and measuring HFRGWs. The potential for useful HFRGW measurement is theoretically confirmed.
文摘Steadily increasing time is involved in most scientific analyses. Like other dimensions in spacetime we suggest that there can be a variation rate of time’s progress or speed of time in the time dimension. We study speed-of-time variation observational data in three processes: muon decay, galaxy rotation (related to dark matter) and the separation speed of celestial objects as our Universe progresses (related to dark energy). Each of these processes will have an “observed value” of their time of completion <em>P</em><sub><em>o</em></sub> from an observation of the process at time <em>t</em><sub><em>1</em></sub> and an “expected value” <em>P</em><sub><em>e</em></sub> of that time at time <em>t</em><sub><em>2</em></sub>. Their difference is attributed to the variation of the speed of time. We provide a possible explanation for the anomalous separation of the observed and the expected galactic velocity curves. Our conclusion is that it is unnecessary to introduce dark matter or dark energy.
基金supported by National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China,the National Institute of Environmental Health of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,and National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(81872707).
文摘What is already known about this topic?Environmental and occupational lead exposure has generally declined in the past two decades.However,there is no large-scale monitoring of blood lead levels(BLLs)in the Chinese general population.What is added by this report?This nationally representative study showed declines of BLLs in all ages of participants;for children aged 3–5 years,down from 78.1μg/L to 16.9μg/L,corresponding to 78.4%decrease in the past two decades(2000–2018).What are the implications for public health practice?Recommendations for elevated BLLs on screening children at high risk now need to be revisited and updated from 100μg/L to 50μg/L in guidelines to conform with the substantial declines in China.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 82025030 for XMS and 82222063 for YBL).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Previous research indicates that non-occupational physical activity can reduce mortality risk.Nevertheless,the relationship between occupational physical activity and health improvements has not been consistently established.What is added by this report?The study found that regular exercise and leisure activities reduced the risk of all-cause mortality.However,the combination of exercise and leisure activities demonstrated more substantial benefits.Additionally,no meaningful association was identified between physical work and mortality risk within the older population.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA0806600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81941023).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Thallium(Tl)is significantly more toxic than heavy metals such as lead,cadmium,and mercury.However,previous studies examining the relationship between Tl exposure and the risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD)have yielded inconsistent results.What is added by this report?
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42172034, 41772023, 41972022, 42330208, 41930218, 42288201)the China Geological Survey Project (Grant Nos. DD20243469, DD20221829)the Strategic Priority Program (B) of CAS (Grant No. XDB26000000)。
文摘Corystosperms, an extinct group of “seed ferns” that lived from the late Permian to the Cretaceous or Eocene, are significant for seed plant phylogeny for their unique roles in partially resolving the long-standing question of angiosperm origins.A new fossil wood taxon, Fengweioxylon sinense gen. et sp. nov. is reported here based on exceptionally preserved wood material from the Jurassic in western Liaoning, China, whose peculiar wood structure enables it to be recognized as the first unequivocal fossil wood record of a corystosperm plant in Laurasia. The anatomical structures of this corystosperm wood show gymnospermous characters. The discovery of the new specimen will provide more anatomical evidence for understanding the systematic and affinity of this seed plants.
基金Supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(grant numbers 81872707,82025030,82003550,and 82230111).
文摘What is already known about this topic?Antimony(Sb)has been identified as a new neurotoxicant that impacts neurological functions in animal studies.However,its effects on the human population remain unknown.What is added by this report?The study reveals that there is an association between exposure to Sb and a higher incidence of cognitive impairment in older adults.The dose-response curve demonstrates that the risk of cognitive impairment consistently increased with higher levels of Sb exposure without a discernible threshold.What are the implications for public health practice?Reducing exposure to Sb may have a beneficial effect in delaying or preventing the onset of cognitive impairment.This intervention has the potential to significantly decrease the disease burden associated with cognitive impairment,ultimately contributing to social development.
基金supported by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Service Capability Enhancement Project(No.Medical 032)the Three-year Action Plan for Shanghai to Further Accelerate the Inheritance,Innovation and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.ZY(2021-2023)-0201-01)the Pudong New Area Health System Pudong Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Training Plan(No.PWRzm2020-15).
文摘Osteoarthritis(OA)is a degenerative bone disease associated with aging.The rising global aging population has led to a surge in OA cases,thereby imposing a significant socioeconomic burden.Researchers have been keenly investigating the mechanisms underlying OA.Previous studies have suggested that the disease starts with synovial inflammation and hyperplasia,advancing toward cartilage degradation.Ultimately,subchondral-bone collapse,sclerosis,and osteophyte formation occur.This progression is deemed as“top to bottom.”However,recent research is challenging this perspective by indicating that initial changes occur in subchondral bone,precipitating cartilage breakdown.In this review,we elucidate the epidemiology of OA and present an in-depth overview of the subchondral bone’s physiological state,functions,and the varied pathological shifts during OA progression.We also introduce the role of multifunctional signal pathways(including osteoprotegerin(OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand(RANKL)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B(RANK),and chemokine(CXC motif)ligand 12(CXCL12)/CXC motif chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4))in the pathology of subchondral bone and their role in the“bottom-up”progression of OA.Using vivid pattern maps and clinical images,this review highlights the crucial role of subchondral bone in driving OA progression,illuminating its interplay with the condition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U1330201)
文摘Recently, with the precise laser interferometers the LIGO- Virgo collaboration [ 1-4] has realized the direct detection of the GWs, by probing their minute mechanical displacements. The peak strains of the detected GWs are at the order of 10-21 and their frequencies are in the low- and intermediate frequency band, i.e., dozens and hundreds of Hertz. Given the GWs could exist at any frequency [5, 6], in principle, probing the GWs in the wider bands [7, 8], typically the high frequency GWs expected by a series of models for cosmology and high-energy astrophysical processes [9-12], is still a challenge [13].
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(No.2018YFC1900800-5)National Science Foundation of China(Nos.61890930-5,61903010,62021003,and 62125301)+2 种基金Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program(No.BJJWZYJH01201910005020)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.KZ202110005009)CAAI-Huawei MindSpore Open Fund(No.CAAIXSJLJJ-2021-017A).
文摘Seeking continuous development,a modern community must also be able to adapt to future possible challenges using constrained or limited resources.As a revolutionary communication paradigm,the Internet of Things(IoT)empowers the cutting-edge and emerging applications which enable manifold new intelligent services towards a smart community.The sophisticated ecosystem of a digital community is made feasible by the IoT infrastructure,which also provides community control with access to a wealth of actual data.In addition,IoT platforms empower the ubiquitous computing ability,providing more potentials to the actuators in perception layer in the IoT architecture.With more and more population in the urban areas,sustainability issues have become a key factor to consider in the development of a digital community.We give a modern survey in this study on the most recent developments in IoT for sustainable digital communities.After carefully examining the most recent literature,we specifically highlight the various smart digital community application scenarios,such as smart buildings,energy management,green transportation,trash management,etc.We also look into a number of major issues facing the use of IoT technology in digital communities.Furthermore,we discuss potential future applications and future research areas for IoT,the critical component of sustainable digital communities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42372044,42288201,42330208,41972022,42172034,and 41790454)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1907037)。
文摘The Jehol Biota,an Early Cretaceous(~120 Ma)terrestrial lagerst??tte in northeastern China,is globally renowned for its exceptionally well-preserved fossil assemblages,which illuminate the origin and evolution of diverse taxa,most notably angiosperms,aves,and mammals[1-3].It represents a pivotal window into the evolutionary assembly of modern terrestrial ecosystems[3].In extant terrestrial ecosystems,fungi play an integral role as ecosystem agents,governing soil carbon cycling,plant nutrition,and pathology[4].
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB3307300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62125301,62021003,62373014,92467205)+1 种基金the Beijing Nova Program(Grant No.20240484694)the Beijing Youth Scholar(Grant No.037)。
文摘Fault diagnosis techniques,which are crucial in the field of industrial intelligent manufacturing,are capable of equipment performance maintenance and productivity improvement.In fault diagnosis,multi-type sensors are commonly used for monitoring because a single data source fails to provide sufficient information to support the comprehensive analysis and accurate diagnosis.Hidden information between modes can be mined using data fusion techniques,enabling more effective decision-making and condition analysis.However,the data measured by multiple sensors are subject to issues such as varying types,an imbalanced ratio of positive to negative samples,and significant differences in data structure,making multi-source data fusion and inter-feature information acquisition challenging.To address these problems,we propose a fault diagnosis method based on dynamic convolution and polarized self-attention(DC-PSA)feature fusion networks.Given that unimodal features are not utilized comprehensively enough,we propose a dynamic convolution-based feature self-convergence model.The ability of the model is improved by attentively aggregating multiple convolution kernels,which are combined in a form dynamically adjusted according to different inputs to fully utilize the features.To enable effective feature-level integration across modalities,we establish a cross-attention-based multimodal fusion model,where each modal branch learns multiscale spatial information independently and forms cross-channel interactions in a localized manner,which can realize the information interactions between local and global channel attention.Empirical results on the Paderborn benchmark dataset validate that the proposed method captures the complementary characteristics across signal types more effectively than existing methods,leading to a notable boost in diagnostic accuracy following the fusion process.The accuracy of the proposed model reached 98.6%,representing an improvement of 8.74%compared to the baseline model.
