Na-based layered transition metal oxides with O_(3)-type structure have been considered to be promising cathodes for Na-ion batteries. However, the intrinsically limited Na-ion conductivity induced by the Otype Na-coo...Na-based layered transition metal oxides with O_(3)-type structure have been considered to be promising cathodes for Na-ion batteries. However, the intrinsically limited Na-ion conductivity induced by the Otype Na-coordinate environment compromises their rate and cycle capability, hindering their practical application. Here, we report an interphase-structure tailoring strategy that improves the electrochemical properties of O_(3)-type layered cathodes achieved through surface coating and doping processes.Specifically, a Zr-doped interphase structure is designed in the model compound NaNi_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)Fe_(1/3)O_(2) using the ionic conductor Na_(3)Zr_(2)Si_(2)PO_(12) as the surface coating material and Zr-dopant provider. We discover that the modified NaNi_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)Fe_(1/3)O_(2)cathode shows a stable Na-storage structure as well as an enhanced rate/cycle capability. Combined with theoretical calculations, it is suggested that the superior electrochemical performances originate from the Zr-doped interphase structure, which has an enlarged Na layer spacing that forms favorable Na-ion diffusion channels. This work highlights a general material interface optimization method which opens a new perspective for fabricating high-performance electrodes for Na-ion batteries and beyond.展开更多
Na-based layered iron-manganese oxide Na_(0.67)Fe_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_(2) containing only low-cost elements is a promising cathode for Na-ion batteries used in large-scale energy storage systems.However,the poor cycle stab...Na-based layered iron-manganese oxide Na_(0.67)Fe_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_(2) containing only low-cost elements is a promising cathode for Na-ion batteries used in large-scale energy storage systems.However,the poor cycle stability restricts its practical application.The capacity decay of Na_(0.67)Fe_(0.6)Mn_(0.5)O_(2) mainly originates from the irreversible anionic redox reaction charge compensation due to the high-level hybridization between oxygen and iron.Herein,we rationally design a surface Ti doping strategy to tune the anionic redox reaction activity of Na_(0.67)Fe_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_(2) and improve its Na-storage properties.The doped Ti ions not only enlarge the Na migration spacing layer but also improve the structure stability thanks to the strong Ti-O bond.More importantly,the d0-shell electronic structure of Ti^(4+) can suppress the charge transfer from the oxidized anions to cations,thus reducing the anionic redox reaction activity and enhancing the reversibility of charge compensation.The modified Na_(0.67)Fe_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_(2) cathode shows a reversible capacity of 198 mA h g^(-1) and an increased capacity retention from 15% to 73% after about1 month of cycling.Meanwhile,a superior Na-ion diffusion kinetics and rate capability are also observed.This work advances the commercialization process of Na-based layered iron-manganese oxide cathodes;on the other hand,the proposed modification strategy paves the way for the design of high-performance electrode materials relying on anionic redox reactions.展开更多
During the past decades,Li-ion batteries have been one of the most important energy storage devices.Large-scale energy storage requires Li-ion batteries which possess high energy density,low cost,and high safety.Other...During the past decades,Li-ion batteries have been one of the most important energy storage devices.Large-scale energy storage requires Li-ion batteries which possess high energy density,low cost,and high safety.Other than advanced battery materials,in-depth understanding of the intrinsic mechanism correlated with cell reaction is also essential for the development of high-performance Li-ion battery.Advanced characterization techniques,especially neutron-based techniques,have greatly promoted Li-ion battery researches.In this review,the characteristics or capabilities of various neutron-based characterization techniques,including elastic neutron scattering,quasi-elastic neutron scattering,neutron imaging,and inelastic neutron scattering,for the related Li-ion-battery researches are summarized.The design of in-situ/operando environment is also discussed.The comprehensive survey on neutron-based characterizations for mechanism understanding will provide guidance for the further study of high-performance Li-ion batteries.展开更多
Due to a high energy density,layered transition-metal oxides have gained much attention as the promising sodium-ion batteries cathodes.However,they readily suffer from multiple phase transitions during the Na extracti...Due to a high energy density,layered transition-metal oxides have gained much attention as the promising sodium-ion batteries cathodes.However,they readily suffer from multiple phase transitions during the Na extraction process,resulting in large lattice strains which are the origin of cycledstructure degradations.Here,we demonstrate that the Na-storage lattice strains of layered oxides can be reduced by pushing charge transfer on anions(O^(2-)).Specifically,the designed O3-type Ru-based model compound,which shows an increased charge transfer on anions,displays retarded O3-P3-O1 multiple phase transitions and obviously reduced lattice strains upon cycling as directly revealed by a combination of ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy,in situ X-ray diffraction and geometric phase analysis.Meanwhile,the stable Na-storage lattice structure leads to a superior cycling stability with an excellent capacity retention of 84%and ultralow voltage decay of 0.2 mV/cycle after 300 cycles.More broadly,our work highlights an intrinsically structure-regulation strategy to enable a stable cycling structure of layered oxides meanwhile increasing the materials’redox activity and Nadiffusion kinetics.展开更多
Nanostructuring, structure distortion, and/or disorder are the main manipulation techniques to reduce the lattice thermal conductivity and improve the figure of merit of thermoelectric materials. A single-phase α-MgA...Nanostructuring, structure distortion, and/or disorder are the main manipulation techniques to reduce the lattice thermal conductivity and improve the figure of merit of thermoelectric materials. A single-phase α-MgAgSb sample, MgAg0.97Sb0.99, with high thermoelectric performance in near room temperature region was synthesized through a high-energy ball milling with a hot-pressing method. Here, we report the average grain size of 24–28 nm and the accurate structure distortion, which are characterized by high-resolution neutron diffraction and synchrotron x-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement data analysis. Both the small grain size and the structure distortion have a contribution to the low lattice thermal conductivity in MgAg0.97Sb0.99.展开更多
A lightweight malware detection and family classification system for the Internet of Things (IoT) was designed to solve the difficulty of deploying defense models caused by the limited computing and storage resources ...A lightweight malware detection and family classification system for the Internet of Things (IoT) was designed to solve the difficulty of deploying defense models caused by the limited computing and storage resources of IoT devices. By training complex models with IoT software gray-scale images and utilizing the gradient-weighted class-activated mapping technique, the system can identify key codes that influence model decisions. This allows for the reconstruction of gray-scale images to train a lightweight model called LMDNet for malware detection. Additionally, the multi-teacher knowledge distillation method is employed to train KD-LMDNet, which focuses on classifying malware families. The results indicate that the model’s identification speed surpasses that of traditional methods by 23.68%. Moreover, the accuracy achieved on the Malimg dataset for family classification is an impressive 99.07%. Furthermore, with a model size of only 0.45M, it appears to be well-suited for the IoT environment. By training complex models using IoT software gray-scale images and utilizing the gradient-weighted class-activated mapping technique, the system can identify key codes that influence model decisions. This allows for the reconstruction of gray-scale images to train a lightweight model called LMDNet for malware detection. Thus, the presented approach can address the challenges associated with malware detection and family classification in IoT devices.展开更多
In a recent study published in Nature,Xie et al.[1]demonstrated that inhibiting FOXM1 condensates reduces breast tumor growth and metastasis.The study systematically characterized the phase separation of the transcrip...In a recent study published in Nature,Xie et al.[1]demonstrated that inhibiting FOXM1 condensates reduces breast tumor growth and metastasis.The study systematically characterized the phase separation of the transcription factor FOXM1,emphasizing its role in promoting breast tumor growth and metastasis.Disrupting FOXM1 condensates has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy,highlighting its potential for treating drugresistant cancers.展开更多
Tacrolimus(FK506)is a potent immunosuppressant widely used to prevent rejection following organ transplantation.In this study,we employed a photonic crystal microarray-based competitive assay to measure tacrolimus blo...Tacrolimus(FK506)is a potent immunosuppressant widely used to prevent rejection following organ transplantation.In this study,we employed a photonic crystal microarray-based competitive assay to measure tacrolimus blood concentrations,facilitating bedside and at-home monitoring for transplant recipients.The photonic crystal microarray technology offers flexibility,cost-effectiveness,and high efficiency.When integrated with a portable fluorescence intensity detector,it enables rapid and quantitative analysis.By fabricating the photonic crystal microarray and leveraging the photonic crystal bandgap enhancement effect to amplify the fluorescence intensity of probe molecules,the detection sensitivity is significantly improved.The photonic crystal microarray demonstrated a remarkable fluorescence enhancement factor of 17.2-fold compared to conventional substrates,significantly improving the sensitivity of tacrolimus detection.The optimized system achieved a detection limit of 0.4 ng·mL^(-1),enabling rapid and accurate quantification of tacrolimus concentration within 20 min.展开更多
Short-term stress positively affects homeostasis recovery;however,long-term stress leads to various diseases.Accumulating evidence shows that cancer processes are not only related to genetics and environment but also ...Short-term stress positively affects homeostasis recovery;however,long-term stress leads to various diseases.Accumulating evidence shows that cancer processes are not only related to genetics and environment but also to chronic stress.For patients with cancer,the disease process induces prolonged psychological and physical stress,including fear and pain,which makes chronic stress common in patients.Chronic stress,in turn,regulates different components of the primary tumor and tumor microenvironment through a wide variety of stress mediators.Furthermore,studies indicate that chronic stress increases tumor burden and mortality in patients with different types of cancer,while the management of chronic stress can alleviate disease burden and extend patient survival.Therefore,a deeper understanding of the role and mechanism of chronic stress in cancer is necessary for developing new strategies for cancer treatment beyond traditional treatment approaches.Herein,we explored the different sources of chronic stress,the molecular mechanisms through which chronic stress affects cancer development and progression,and the stress mediators involved.We discussed the multiple impacts of chronic stress on cancer,as well as the currently available intervention strategies.We also highlighted the prospects and challenges of chronic stress management in the clinical treatment of cancer.展开更多
Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death mediated by gasdermin and is a product of continuous cell expansion until the cytomembrane ruptures,resulting in the release of cellular contents that can activate strong ...Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death mediated by gasdermin and is a product of continuous cell expansion until the cytomembrane ruptures,resulting in the release of cellular contents that can activate strong inflammatory and immune responses.Pyroptosis,an innate immune response,can be triggered by the activation of inflammasomes by various influencing factors.Activation of these inflammasomes can induce the maturation of caspase-1 or caspase-4/5/11,both of which cleave gasdermin D to release its N-terminal domain,which can bind membrane lipids and perforate the cell membrane.Here,we review the latest advancements in research on the mechanisms of pyroptosis,newly discovered influencing factors,antitumoral properties,and applications in various diseases.Moreover,this review also provides updates on potential targeted therapies for inflammation and cancers,methods for clinical prevention,and finally challenges and future directions in the field.展开更多
Lithium-rich cathode oxides with capability to realize multivalent cationic and anionic redox reactions have attracted much attention as promising candidate electrode materials for high energy density lithium ion batt...Lithium-rich cathode oxides with capability to realize multivalent cationic and anionic redox reactions have attracted much attention as promising candidate electrode materials for high energy density lithium ion batteries because of their ultrahigh specific capacity. However, redox reaction mechanisms, especially for the anionic redox reaction of these materials, are still not very clear. Meanwhile, several pivotal challenges associated with the redox reactions mechanisms, such as structural instability and limited cycle life, hinder the practical applications of these high-capacity lithium-rich cathode oxides. Herein, we review the lithium-rich oxides with various crystal structures. The multivalent cationic/anionic redox reaction mechanisms of several representative high capacity lithium-rich cathode oxides are discussed, attempting to understand the origins of the high lithium storage capacities of these materials. In addition, we provide perspectives for the further development of these lithium-rich cathode oxides based on multivalent cationic and anionic redox reactions, focusing on addressing the fundamental problems and promoting their practical applications.展开更多
Phase transition is common during (de)-intercalating layered sodium oxides, which directly affects the structural stability and electrochemical performance. However, the artificial control of phase transition to achie...Phase transition is common during (de)-intercalating layered sodium oxides, which directly affects the structural stability and electrochemical performance. However, the artificial control of phase transition to achieve advanced sodium-ion batteries is lacking, since the remarkably little is known about the influencing factor relative to the sliding process of transition-metal slabs upon sodium release and uptake of layered oxides. Herein, we for the first time demonstrate the manipulation of oxygen vacancy concentrations in multinary metallic oxides has a significant impact on the reversibility of phase transition, thereby determining the sodium storage performance of cathode materials. Results show that abundant oxygen vacancies intrigue the return of the already slide transition-metal slabs between O_(3) and P_(3) phase transition, in contrast to the few oxygen vacancies and resulted irreversibility. Additionally, the abundant oxygen vacancies enhance the electronic and ionic conductivity of the Na0.9Ni0.3Co0.15Mn0.05Ti0.5O2 electrode, delivering the high initial Coulombic efficiency of 97.1%, large reversible capacity of 112.7 mAh·g−1, superior rate capability upon 100 C and splendid cycling performance over 1,000 cycles. Our findings open up new horizons for artificially manipulating the structural evolution and electrochemical process of layered cathodes, and pave a way in designing advanced sodium-ion batteries.展开更多
Protein expression in E coil often results in the formation of a kind of protein aggregate called inclusion body Conversion of the inactive protein aggregate into biologically active protein is a key step in productio...Protein expression in E coil often results in the formation of a kind of protein aggregate called inclusion body Conversion of the inactive protein aggregate into biologically active protein is a key step in production of recombinant products Convenlional dilution refolding technique suffers from disadvantages of low recovery and low concentration Various chromatographic refolding techniques have been developed over the last few years These include size-exclusion chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography and different affinity chromatography. A successful strategy is the use of gradient elution in column control which provides a gentle and gradual change of the solution environment for the macromolecule to rsfold at nano-scale, The gradient refolding at column scale could minimize misfolding and aggregation which are induced by sudden change of the solution in conventional refolding operation.展开更多
Error-free mitosis depends on accurate chromosome attachment to spindle microtubules,which is monitored by the spindle assembly checkpoint(SAC)signaling.As an upstream factor of SAC,the precise and dynamic kinetochore...Error-free mitosis depends on accurate chromosome attachment to spindle microtubules,which is monitored by the spindle assembly checkpoint(SAC)signaling.As an upstream factor of SAC,the precise and dynamic kinetochore localization of Mps1 kinase is critical for initiating and silencing SAC signaling.However,the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive.Here,we demonstrated that the multisite interactions between Mps1 and Ndc80 complex(Ndc80C)govern Mps1 kinetochore targeting.Importantly,we identified direct interaction between Mps1 tetratricopeptide repeat domain and Ndc80C.We further identified that Mps1 C-terminal fragment,which contains the protein kinase domain and C-tail,enhances Mps1 kinetochore localization.Mechanistically,Mps1 C-terminal fragment mediates its dimerization.Perturbation of C-tail attenuates the kinetochore targeting and activity of Mps1,leading to aberrant mitosis due to compromised SAC function.Taken together,our study highlights the importance of Mps1 dimerization and multisite interactions with Ndc80C in enabling responsive SAC signaling.展开更多
Background:The prognosis of gastric cancer patients with a limited number of pathologically examined lymph nodes(eLN,<16)is dismal compared to those with adequately eLN(≥16),yet they are still classified within th...Background:The prognosis of gastric cancer patients with a limited number of pathologically examined lymph nodes(eLN,<16)is dismal compared to those with adequately eLN(≥16),yet they are still classified within the same subgroups using the American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)staging system.We aimed at formulating an easy-to-adopt and clinically reliable stratification approach to homogenize the classification for these two categories of patients.Methods:Patients staged according to the 8th AJCC pathological nodal(N)and tumor-node-metastasis(TNM)clas-sification were stratified into a Limited and Adequate eLN cohort based on their number of pathologically examined LNs.The statistical differences between the 5-year overall survival(OS)rates of both cohorts were determined and based on which,patients from the Limited eLN cohort were re-classified to a proposed modified nodal(N′)and TNM(TN′M)classification,by matching their survival rates with those of the Adequate eLN cohort.The prognostic perfor-mance of the N′and TN′M classification was then compared to a formulated lymph-node-ratio-based nodal classifica-tion,in addition to the 8th AJCC N and TNM classification.Results:Significant heterogeneous differences in 5-year OS between patients from the Limited and Adequate eLN cohort of the same nodal subgroups were identified(all P<0.001).However,no significant differences in 5-year OS were observed between the subgroups N0,N1,N2,and N3a of the Limited eLN cohort when compared with N1,N2,N3a,and N3b from the Adequate eLN cohort,respectively(P=0.853,0.476,0.114,and 0.230,respectively).A novel approach was formulated in which only patients from the Limited eLN cohort were re-classified to one higher nodal subgroup,denoted as the N′classification.This re-classification demonstrated superior stratifying and prognostic ability as compared to the 8th AJCC N and lymph-node-ratio classification(Akaike information criterion values[AIC]:12,276 vs.12,358 vs.12,283,respectively).The TN′M classification also demonstrated superior prognostic ability as compared to the 8th AJCC TNM classification(AIC value:12,252 vs.12,312).Conclusion:The proposed lymph node classification approach provides a clinically practical and reliable technique to homogeneously classify cohorts of gastric cancer patients with limited and adequate number of pathologically examined lymph nodes.展开更多
In a recent study published in Nature,Hong et al.revealed that the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)innate immune pathway is critically required for the IL-6-dependent survival of chr...In a recent study published in Nature,Hong et al.revealed that the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)innate immune pathway is critically required for the IL-6-dependent survival of chromosomally unstable cancer cells,1 implying that chronic inflammation can be therapeutically targeted to kill cancers displaying chromosomal instability(CIN).展开更多
Copper welding with an infrared(IR)Gaussian laser beam usually shows obvious instability,spatters,and worse surface morphology due to the Gaussian distribution,temperature-dependent IR absorption,and high thermal cond...Copper welding with an infrared(IR)Gaussian laser beam usually shows obvious instability,spatters,and worse surface morphology due to the Gaussian distribution,temperature-dependent IR absorption,and high thermal conductivity in cop-per.In this paper,the IR quasi-continuous-wave Gaussian beam was converted into a vortex ring beam with a phase-plate and then applied to the micro-spot-welding of copper sheets.The welding with the vortex beam demonstrated a significantly improved welding performance,smoother surface morphology,and higher welding stability.Besides,no spatters appeared in the welding process.展开更多
基金The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,and the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (ZDKYYQ20170001):China the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2019A1515111025) China the Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (2019B1096)Japan。
文摘Na-based layered transition metal oxides with O_(3)-type structure have been considered to be promising cathodes for Na-ion batteries. However, the intrinsically limited Na-ion conductivity induced by the Otype Na-coordinate environment compromises their rate and cycle capability, hindering their practical application. Here, we report an interphase-structure tailoring strategy that improves the electrochemical properties of O_(3)-type layered cathodes achieved through surface coating and doping processes.Specifically, a Zr-doped interphase structure is designed in the model compound NaNi_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)Fe_(1/3)O_(2) using the ionic conductor Na_(3)Zr_(2)Si_(2)PO_(12) as the surface coating material and Zr-dopant provider. We discover that the modified NaNi_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)Fe_(1/3)O_(2)cathode shows a stable Na-storage structure as well as an enhanced rate/cycle capability. Combined with theoretical calculations, it is suggested that the superior electrochemical performances originate from the Zr-doped interphase structure, which has an enlarged Na layer spacing that forms favorable Na-ion diffusion channels. This work highlights a general material interface optimization method which opens a new perspective for fabricating high-performance electrodes for Na-ion batteries and beyond.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12105197)the Science Center of the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52088101)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant ZDKYYQ20170001)。
文摘Na-based layered iron-manganese oxide Na_(0.67)Fe_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_(2) containing only low-cost elements is a promising cathode for Na-ion batteries used in large-scale energy storage systems.However,the poor cycle stability restricts its practical application.The capacity decay of Na_(0.67)Fe_(0.6)Mn_(0.5)O_(2) mainly originates from the irreversible anionic redox reaction charge compensation due to the high-level hybridization between oxygen and iron.Herein,we rationally design a surface Ti doping strategy to tune the anionic redox reaction activity of Na_(0.67)Fe_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_(2) and improve its Na-storage properties.The doped Ti ions not only enlarge the Na migration spacing layer but also improve the structure stability thanks to the strong Ti-O bond.More importantly,the d0-shell electronic structure of Ti^(4+) can suppress the charge transfer from the oxidized anions to cations,thus reducing the anionic redox reaction activity and enhancing the reversibility of charge compensation.The modified Na_(0.67)Fe_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_(2) cathode shows a reversible capacity of 198 mA h g^(-1) and an increased capacity retention from 15% to 73% after about1 month of cycling.Meanwhile,a superior Na-ion diffusion kinetics and rate capability are also observed.This work advances the commercialization process of Na-based layered iron-manganese oxide cathodes;on the other hand,the proposed modification strategy paves the way for the design of high-performance electrode materials relying on anionic redox reactions.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0401503)the National Materials Genome Project of China(Grant No.2016YFB0100106)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11675255)
文摘During the past decades,Li-ion batteries have been one of the most important energy storage devices.Large-scale energy storage requires Li-ion batteries which possess high energy density,low cost,and high safety.Other than advanced battery materials,in-depth understanding of the intrinsic mechanism correlated with cell reaction is also essential for the development of high-performance Li-ion battery.Advanced characterization techniques,especially neutron-based techniques,have greatly promoted Li-ion battery researches.In this review,the characteristics or capabilities of various neutron-based characterization techniques,including elastic neutron scattering,quasi-elastic neutron scattering,neutron imaging,and inelastic neutron scattering,for the related Li-ion-battery researches are summarized.The design of in-situ/operando environment is also discussed.The comprehensive survey on neutron-based characterizations for mechanism understanding will provide guidance for the further study of high-performance Li-ion batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12105197 and 52088101)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2022A1515010319)+1 种基金the open research fund of Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory(No.2022SLABFK04)Large Scientific Facility Open Subject of Songshan Lake,Dongguan,Guangdong
文摘Due to a high energy density,layered transition-metal oxides have gained much attention as the promising sodium-ion batteries cathodes.However,they readily suffer from multiple phase transitions during the Na extraction process,resulting in large lattice strains which are the origin of cycledstructure degradations.Here,we demonstrate that the Na-storage lattice strains of layered oxides can be reduced by pushing charge transfer on anions(O^(2-)).Specifically,the designed O3-type Ru-based model compound,which shows an increased charge transfer on anions,displays retarded O3-P3-O1 multiple phase transitions and obviously reduced lattice strains upon cycling as directly revealed by a combination of ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy,in situ X-ray diffraction and geometric phase analysis.Meanwhile,the stable Na-storage lattice structure leads to a superior cycling stability with an excellent capacity retention of 84%and ultralow voltage decay of 0.2 mV/cycle after 300 cycles.More broadly,our work highlights an intrinsically structure-regulation strategy to enable a stable cycling structure of layered oxides meanwhile increasing the materials’redox activity and Nadiffusion kinetics.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11675255)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0401503).
文摘Nanostructuring, structure distortion, and/or disorder are the main manipulation techniques to reduce the lattice thermal conductivity and improve the figure of merit of thermoelectric materials. A single-phase α-MgAgSb sample, MgAg0.97Sb0.99, with high thermoelectric performance in near room temperature region was synthesized through a high-energy ball milling with a hot-pressing method. Here, we report the average grain size of 24–28 nm and the accurate structure distortion, which are characterized by high-resolution neutron diffraction and synchrotron x-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement data analysis. Both the small grain size and the structure distortion have a contribution to the low lattice thermal conductivity in MgAg0.97Sb0.99.
文摘A lightweight malware detection and family classification system for the Internet of Things (IoT) was designed to solve the difficulty of deploying defense models caused by the limited computing and storage resources of IoT devices. By training complex models with IoT software gray-scale images and utilizing the gradient-weighted class-activated mapping technique, the system can identify key codes that influence model decisions. This allows for the reconstruction of gray-scale images to train a lightweight model called LMDNet for malware detection. Additionally, the multi-teacher knowledge distillation method is employed to train KD-LMDNet, which focuses on classifying malware families. The results indicate that the model’s identification speed surpasses that of traditional methods by 23.68%. Moreover, the accuracy achieved on the Malimg dataset for family classification is an impressive 99.07%. Furthermore, with a model size of only 0.45M, it appears to be well-suited for the IoT environment. By training complex models using IoT software gray-scale images and utilizing the gradient-weighted class-activated mapping technique, the system can identify key codes that influence model decisions. This allows for the reconstruction of gray-scale images to train a lightweight model called LMDNet for malware detection. Thus, the presented approach can address the challenges associated with malware detection and family classification in IoT devices.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1303102 and 2022YFA1105203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32025011,32270772,and 32061160470)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ24C070001)the Central Guidance for Local Scientific and Technological Development Funding Project(2025ZY01106)。
文摘In a recent study published in Nature,Xie et al.[1]demonstrated that inhibiting FOXM1 condensates reduces breast tumor growth and metastasis.The study systematically characterized the phase separation of the transcription factor FOXM1,emphasizing its role in promoting breast tumor growth and metastasis.Disrupting FOXM1 condensates has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy,highlighting its potential for treating drugresistant cancers.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFE0111500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52222313,22075296,52321006,T2394480,and T2394484)the Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(No.BNLMS-CXXM-202005).
文摘Tacrolimus(FK506)is a potent immunosuppressant widely used to prevent rejection following organ transplantation.In this study,we employed a photonic crystal microarray-based competitive assay to measure tacrolimus blood concentrations,facilitating bedside and at-home monitoring for transplant recipients.The photonic crystal microarray technology offers flexibility,cost-effectiveness,and high efficiency.When integrated with a portable fluorescence intensity detector,it enables rapid and quantitative analysis.By fabricating the photonic crystal microarray and leveraging the photonic crystal bandgap enhancement effect to amplify the fluorescence intensity of probe molecules,the detection sensitivity is significantly improved.The photonic crystal microarray demonstrated a remarkable fluorescence enhancement factor of 17.2-fold compared to conventional substrates,significantly improving the sensitivity of tacrolimus detection.The optimized system achieved a detection limit of 0.4 ng·mL^(-1),enabling rapid and accurate quantification of tacrolimus concentration within 20 min.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fundation of China(32125016,32525002,32025011,W2411011,T2321005,and U24A20371)programs from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2024YFC2707400,2021YFA1101000,2022YFA1105200,and 2023YFA1800200)+6 种基金a Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(2024C03142)a project funded by Basic Research Program of Jiangsu(BK20250359)Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent,the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2025M772706)the Suzhou Medical College Basic Frontier Innovation Cross Project(YXY2303027)the Suzhou Medical College-Qilu Medical Research Program of Soochow University(24QL101301)the Joint Project of Pinnacle Disciplinary Group,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical,Principal Investigator Foundation of Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory(TFJCPI20250022)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,and the Postdoctoral Research Fund of The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University(09020320250001).
文摘Short-term stress positively affects homeostasis recovery;however,long-term stress leads to various diseases.Accumulating evidence shows that cancer processes are not only related to genetics and environment but also to chronic stress.For patients with cancer,the disease process induces prolonged psychological and physical stress,including fear and pain,which makes chronic stress common in patients.Chronic stress,in turn,regulates different components of the primary tumor and tumor microenvironment through a wide variety of stress mediators.Furthermore,studies indicate that chronic stress increases tumor burden and mortality in patients with different types of cancer,while the management of chronic stress can alleviate disease burden and extend patient survival.Therefore,a deeper understanding of the role and mechanism of chronic stress in cancer is necessary for developing new strategies for cancer treatment beyond traditional treatment approaches.Herein,we explored the different sources of chronic stress,the molecular mechanisms through which chronic stress affects cancer development and progression,and the stress mediators involved.We discussed the multiple impacts of chronic stress on cancer,as well as the currently available intervention strategies.We also highlighted the prospects and challenges of chronic stress management in the clinical treatment of cancer.
基金This work was supported by a special program from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1101000 to LZ)the Chinese National Natural Science Funds(U20A201376,U20A20393,and 31925013 to LZ,82041009,31871405,and 32125016 to FZ,92169122 and 31701232 to FX,32025011 to FW,31822031,31970664,31961160725 to JH and TL)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Plan Project of Suzhou(SYS2019020 to FX)the Jiangsu National Science Foundation(BK20180043 to FZ)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ19C070001 to FW)the Key Project of University Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(19KJA550003 to FZ).
文摘Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death mediated by gasdermin and is a product of continuous cell expansion until the cytomembrane ruptures,resulting in the release of cellular contents that can activate strong inflammatory and immune responses.Pyroptosis,an innate immune response,can be triggered by the activation of inflammasomes by various influencing factors.Activation of these inflammasomes can induce the maturation of caspase-1 or caspase-4/5/11,both of which cleave gasdermin D to release its N-terminal domain,which can bind membrane lipids and perforate the cell membrane.Here,we review the latest advancements in research on the mechanisms of pyroptosis,newly discovered influencing factors,antitumoral properties,and applications in various diseases.Moreover,this review also provides updates on potential targeted therapies for inflammation and cancers,methods for clinical prevention,and finally challenges and future directions in the field.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFA202500)the “One Hundred Talent Project” of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Natural Science Foundation of China (11675255)
文摘Lithium-rich cathode oxides with capability to realize multivalent cationic and anionic redox reactions have attracted much attention as promising candidate electrode materials for high energy density lithium ion batteries because of their ultrahigh specific capacity. However, redox reaction mechanisms, especially for the anionic redox reaction of these materials, are still not very clear. Meanwhile, several pivotal challenges associated with the redox reactions mechanisms, such as structural instability and limited cycle life, hinder the practical applications of these high-capacity lithium-rich cathode oxides. Herein, we review the lithium-rich oxides with various crystal structures. The multivalent cationic/anionic redox reaction mechanisms of several representative high capacity lithium-rich cathode oxides are discussed, attempting to understand the origins of the high lithium storage capacities of these materials. In addition, we provide perspectives for the further development of these lithium-rich cathode oxides based on multivalent cationic and anionic redox reactions, focusing on addressing the fundamental problems and promoting their practical applications.
基金The financial is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22075132, 51802149, and U1801251)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and Nanjing University Technology Innovation Fund Project. The authors are also grateful to the High Performance Computing Center (HPCC) of Nanjing University for doing the numerical calculations in this paper on its blade cluster system. W. K. P. is grateful to the financial support by the Australian Research Council through a Future Fellowship project (No. FT160100251)The operational support of ANSTO staffs, especially Dr. Vanessa Peterson and Dr. Christophe Didier, on the collection of neutron powder diffraction data of NaNCMT is highly appreciated. The neutron diffraction data were collected at ANSTO (Australia), CSNS (China), and NIST (USA).
文摘Phase transition is common during (de)-intercalating layered sodium oxides, which directly affects the structural stability and electrochemical performance. However, the artificial control of phase transition to achieve advanced sodium-ion batteries is lacking, since the remarkably little is known about the influencing factor relative to the sliding process of transition-metal slabs upon sodium release and uptake of layered oxides. Herein, we for the first time demonstrate the manipulation of oxygen vacancy concentrations in multinary metallic oxides has a significant impact on the reversibility of phase transition, thereby determining the sodium storage performance of cathode materials. Results show that abundant oxygen vacancies intrigue the return of the already slide transition-metal slabs between O_(3) and P_(3) phase transition, in contrast to the few oxygen vacancies and resulted irreversibility. Additionally, the abundant oxygen vacancies enhance the electronic and ionic conductivity of the Na0.9Ni0.3Co0.15Mn0.05Ti0.5O2 electrode, delivering the high initial Coulombic efficiency of 97.1%, large reversible capacity of 112.7 mAh·g−1, superior rate capability upon 100 C and splendid cycling performance over 1,000 cycles. Our findings open up new horizons for artificially manipulating the structural evolution and electrochemical process of layered cathodes, and pave a way in designing advanced sodium-ion batteries.
基金The Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC No.20136020,20125616)Chinese Academy of Sciences are gratefully acknowledged for financial supports to this research.
文摘Protein expression in E coil often results in the formation of a kind of protein aggregate called inclusion body Conversion of the inactive protein aggregate into biologically active protein is a key step in production of recombinant products Convenlional dilution refolding technique suffers from disadvantages of low recovery and low concentration Various chromatographic refolding techniques have been developed over the last few years These include size-exclusion chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography and different affinity chromatography. A successful strategy is the use of gradient elution in column control which provides a gentle and gradual change of the solution environment for the macromolecule to rsfold at nano-scale, The gradient refolding at column scale could minimize misfolding and aggregation which are induced by sudden change of the solution in conventional refolding operation.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA 0102900 and 2017 YFA 0503600)the National Natural Science Fondation of China(31671407 and 31871359 to Z.D.+4 种基金31621002,31430054,91854203,and 31320103904 to X.Y.31301099 and 21672201 to X.G.31471275 to D.W.),Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB19040000)Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science(2015 HSC-UE010)MOE Innovative Team(IRT_17R102).
文摘Error-free mitosis depends on accurate chromosome attachment to spindle microtubules,which is monitored by the spindle assembly checkpoint(SAC)signaling.As an upstream factor of SAC,the precise and dynamic kinetochore localization of Mps1 kinase is critical for initiating and silencing SAC signaling.However,the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive.Here,we demonstrated that the multisite interactions between Mps1 and Ndc80 complex(Ndc80C)govern Mps1 kinetochore targeting.Importantly,we identified direct interaction between Mps1 tetratricopeptide repeat domain and Ndc80C.We further identified that Mps1 C-terminal fragment,which contains the protein kinase domain and C-tail,enhances Mps1 kinetochore localization.Mechanistically,Mps1 C-terminal fragment mediates its dimerization.Perturbation of C-tail attenuates the kinetochore targeting and activity of Mps1,leading to aberrant mitosis due to compromised SAC function.Taken together,our study highlights the importance of Mps1 dimerization and multisite interactions with Ndc80C in enabling responsive SAC signaling.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant Number:2018A030313631)Guangdong provincial scientific and technology project(Grant Number:2014A020232331)+1 种基金Guangzhou medical,health science and technology project(Grant Number:20151A011077)China postdoctoral science foundation grant(Grant Number:2017M622879)and National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number:81802451)
文摘Background:The prognosis of gastric cancer patients with a limited number of pathologically examined lymph nodes(eLN,<16)is dismal compared to those with adequately eLN(≥16),yet they are still classified within the same subgroups using the American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)staging system.We aimed at formulating an easy-to-adopt and clinically reliable stratification approach to homogenize the classification for these two categories of patients.Methods:Patients staged according to the 8th AJCC pathological nodal(N)and tumor-node-metastasis(TNM)clas-sification were stratified into a Limited and Adequate eLN cohort based on their number of pathologically examined LNs.The statistical differences between the 5-year overall survival(OS)rates of both cohorts were determined and based on which,patients from the Limited eLN cohort were re-classified to a proposed modified nodal(N′)and TNM(TN′M)classification,by matching their survival rates with those of the Adequate eLN cohort.The prognostic perfor-mance of the N′and TN′M classification was then compared to a formulated lymph-node-ratio-based nodal classifica-tion,in addition to the 8th AJCC N and TNM classification.Results:Significant heterogeneous differences in 5-year OS between patients from the Limited and Adequate eLN cohort of the same nodal subgroups were identified(all P<0.001).However,no significant differences in 5-year OS were observed between the subgroups N0,N1,N2,and N3a of the Limited eLN cohort when compared with N1,N2,N3a,and N3b from the Adequate eLN cohort,respectively(P=0.853,0.476,0.114,and 0.230,respectively).A novel approach was formulated in which only patients from the Limited eLN cohort were re-classified to one higher nodal subgroup,denoted as the N′classification.This re-classification demonstrated superior stratifying and prognostic ability as compared to the 8th AJCC N and lymph-node-ratio classification(Akaike information criterion values[AIC]:12,276 vs.12,358 vs.12,283,respectively).The TN′M classification also demonstrated superior prognostic ability as compared to the 8th AJCC TNM classification(AIC value:12,252 vs.12,312).Conclusion:The proposed lymph node classification approach provides a clinically practical and reliable technique to homogeneously classify cohorts of gastric cancer patients with limited and adequate number of pathologically examined lymph nodes.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1105200,2022YFA1303100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32025011,32270772,31771499,and 32061160470)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ19C070001,LY17C070003).We also thank Dr.Qinfu Chen for the help to draft the artwork.
文摘In a recent study published in Nature,Hong et al.revealed that the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)innate immune pathway is critically required for the IL-6-dependent survival of chromosomally unstable cancer cells,1 implying that chronic inflammation can be therapeutically targeted to kill cancers displaying chromosomal instability(CIN).
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.61775153)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)Major Science and Technology Project of Hubei Province(No.2020AAA003).
文摘Copper welding with an infrared(IR)Gaussian laser beam usually shows obvious instability,spatters,and worse surface morphology due to the Gaussian distribution,temperature-dependent IR absorption,and high thermal conductivity in cop-per.In this paper,the IR quasi-continuous-wave Gaussian beam was converted into a vortex ring beam with a phase-plate and then applied to the micro-spot-welding of copper sheets.The welding with the vortex beam demonstrated a significantly improved welding performance,smoother surface morphology,and higher welding stability.Besides,no spatters appeared in the welding process.
