Grain size is a crucial factor influencing both rice yield and appearance quality.In this study,we identified GL6.1 as a gene associated with rice grain size by map-based cloning.The GL6.1 encodes a protein with CC-NB...Grain size is a crucial factor influencing both rice yield and appearance quality.In this study,we identified GL6.1 as a gene associated with rice grain size by map-based cloning.The GL6.1 encodes a protein with CC-NB-LRR domain,a structural motif related to rice disease resistance.Genetic transformation experiments and the construction of gene pyramiding lines indicate that GL6.1 functions as a negative regulatory factor for rice grain length.By the analysis of SSSLs with diverse donor parents,a total of 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)are identified that are closely associated with the phenotype variations.A yeast one-hybrid library screening revealed that GL6.1 interacts with OsWRKY53,a transcription factor associated with rice disease resistance.Furthermore,RNA-seq assay also revealed the involvement of pathways associated with disease resistance,hinting at a multifaceted role for GL6.1 in both yield and stress tolerance traits in rice.These results indicate that the cloning and in-depth studies of GL6.1 would provide valuable insights into the interplay among high yield,superior quality,and stress tolerance,which are critical goals for rice breeding.展开更多
<strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate influence of metabolic syndrome on vibration perception threshold in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes who were not diagnosed with diabets before. <st...<strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate influence of metabolic syndrome on vibration perception threshold in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes who were not diagnosed with diabets before. <strong>Material and Methods:</strong> First-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes at the age of 40 - 60 s who had not been diagnosed with diabetes before were enrolled. Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic blood pressure), body fat percentage, fasting plasma lipid, fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour blood glucose after 75 g oral glucose and vibration perception threshold were measured. <strong>Results:</strong> 58 subjects were diagnosed with the level of vibration perception threshold ≥ 16 V. Vibration perception threshold in the metabolic syndrome group was significantly higher than that in the non-metabolic syndrome group (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Vibration perception threshold increased with the increase of metabolic syndrome component. The group with ≥3 components of metabolic syndrome had a significantly higher level of vibration perception, as compared with that of group with 0 component, group with 1 component of metabolic syndrome (<em>p</em> < 0.01). Group with 2 components of metabolic syndrome had a significantly higher level of vibration perception threshold when comparing with group with 0 component (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Vibration perception threshold was positively correlated with weight, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and 2-hour blood glucose. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and vibration perception threshold. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Some first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes who have not been diagnosed with diabetes have high risk of peripheral neuropathy, especially those with metabolic syndrome. Waist circumference and blood pressure are the main factors affecting Vibration perception threshold levels. Early detection of vibration perception threshold should be performed in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes with metabolic syndrome. Waist circumference and blood pressure may be important risk factors of peripheral neuropathy for them.展开更多
Grain size is an important determinant of grain weight and yield in rice.Although several genes related to grain size have been identified,natural variations in these genes that affect grain size are poorly characteri...Grain size is an important determinant of grain weight and yield in rice.Although several genes related to grain size have been identified,natural variations in these genes that affect grain size are poorly characterized.Here,we describe the grain length QTL GL10,encoding MADS56,which positively regulates grain length and grain weight.A natural allelic variation of NIL-gl10,containing an~1.0-kb deletion in the first exon that abolishes its transcription,results in shorter grain length,lower grain weight and delayed flowering in gl10 plants.The knockout of GL10 in the HJX74 background leads to grain phenotypes similar to that of NIL-gl10,while overexpression of GL10 results in increased grain length and weight and earlier heading date.GL10 regulates grain length by promoting greater longitudinal cell growth in the grain glume.Additionally,GL10 participates in the regulation of gibberellic acid(GA)signaling pathway genes in young panicle tissues.Analysis of GL10 haplotypes shows obvious divergence between the japonica and indica lineages.Our findings reveal an allelic variation of GL10 that may explain differences in grain length among modern cultivars and could be used to breed rice varieties with optimized grain shape.展开更多
Pitaya is an important perennial herbaceous fruit tree.The color of fruit determines pitaya nutritive(and attractive)value,which is considered as an important objective in breeding improvement.In this study,we reporte...Pitaya is an important perennial herbaceous fruit tree.The color of fruit determines pitaya nutritive(and attractive)value,which is considered as an important objective in breeding improvement.In this study,we reported the first telomere-to-telomere(T2T)gap-free genome of“Shuangse No.1”pitaya(Hylocereus polyrhizus;red peel).Two high-quality genomes for“Dahong”(H.polyrhizus;red peel)and“Honghuaqinglong”(H.stenopterus;stay-green)were further assembled,aiming to explore the genetic diversity of pitaya genomes.In further analysis,we noticed a high proportion of viral contamination in pitaya tissues,which hindered the efficient utilization of transcriptomic data.To address this issue,we analyzed 111 pitaya transcriptome data from different geographic regions to characterize and separate viral components.Then we developed an efficient,novel,and universal transcript purification system for pitaya transcriptomes by applying it to 27 samples from different tissues and species,thereby enhancing the utility for transcriptomic and broader biological research.Combining the purified transcriptomic data with comparative genomic analyses,we identified HuERF72,a transcription factor(TF)that potentially regulates chlorophyll degradation in pitaya.Interaction assays and plant transformation elucidated that HuERF72 acts as a repressive TF by directly binding to the promoter of HuSGR1,a key structural gene in the chlorophyll degradation pathway.This study provides high-quality genomic resources and novel methodologies for molecular investigations in pitaya.Additionally,the proposed regulatory network advances our understanding of the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms underlying chlorophyll degradation,offering valuable insights into the genetic improvement of pitaya.展开更多
The imbalance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts is the cause of osteoporosis.Milk-derived extracellular vesicles(mEVs),excellent drug delivery nanocarriers,can promote bone formation and inhibit bone resorption.In t...The imbalance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts is the cause of osteoporosis.Milk-derived extracellular vesicles(mEVs),excellent drug delivery nanocarriers,can promote bone formation and inhibit bone resorption.In this study,we conjugated bone-targeting peptide(AspSerSer,DSS)6 to mEVs by click chemistry and then loaded with SRT2104,a SIRT1(silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog 1)agonist that was proofed to help reduce bone loss.The engineered(DSS)6-mEV-SRT2104 had the intrinsic anti-osteoporosis function of mEVs and SRT2104 to reverse the imbalance in bone homeostasis by simultaneously regulating osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis.Furthermore,we labelled mEVs with MnB nanoparticles that can be used for the in vivo magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)visualization.The obtained nanocomposites significantly prevented bone loss in osteoporosis mice and increased bone mineral density,exhibiting superior bone accumulation under MRI.We believe the proposed(DSS)6-mEV-SRT2104/MnB provides a novel paradigm for osteoporosis treatment and monitoring.展开更多
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of resistin on insulin signaling in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs).HUVECs were incubated with recombinant human resistin(0–100 ng/mL)for 24 h...The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of resistin on insulin signaling in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs).HUVECs were incubated with recombinant human resistin(0–100 ng/mL)for 24 h.Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)phosphorylation levels of endothelial cells under basal or insulin stimulated conditions were measured by Western blot.Nitric oxide(NO)production of HUVECs was also detected.The results showed that resistin could significantly inhibit Akt and eNOS phos-phorylation and NO production in endothelial cells under insulin stimulated conditions(P<0.05 vs control).But under basal conditions,treatment with resistin could result in a decrease in eNOS phosphorylation(P<0.05 vs control)but had no effect on NO production and Akt phosphorylation levels.Thesefindings suggested that resistin exerted an inhibitory effect on NO production by inhibiting insulin signaling and eNOS phosphorylation in endothelial cells.展开更多
Flowers are the core reproductive organ of plants, and flowering is essential for cross-pollination. Diurnal flower-opening time is thus a key trait influencing reproductive isolation, hybrid breeding, and thermostabi...Flowers are the core reproductive organ of plants, and flowering is essential for cross-pollination. Diurnal flower-opening time is thus a key trait influencing reproductive isolation, hybrid breeding, and thermostability in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling this trait remain unknown. Here, we report that rice Diurnal Flower Opening Time 1 (DFOT1) modulates pectin methylesterase (PME) activity to regulate pectin methylesterification levels of the lodicule cell walls, which affect lodicule swelling to control diurnal flower-opening time. DFOT1 is specifically expressed in the lodicules, and its expression gradually increases with the approach to flowering but decreases with flowering. Importantly, a knockout of DFOT1 showed earlier diurnal flower opening. We demonstrate that DFOT1 interacts directly with multiple PMEs to promote their activity. Knockout of PME40 also resulted in early diurnal flower opening, whereas overexpression of PME42 delayed diurnal flower opening. Lower PME activity was observed to be associated with higher levels of pectin methylesterification and the softening of cell walls in lodicules, which contribute to the absorption of water by lodicules and cause them to swell, thus promoting early diurnal flower opening. Higher PME activity had the opposite effect. Collectively, our work uncovers a molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of diurnal flower-opening time in rice, which would help reduce the costs of hybrid breeding and improve the heat tolerance of flowering plants by avoiding higher temperatures at anthesis.展开更多
Carboxymethylated,phosphorylated and sulfated derivatives of SIP-IV,a polysaccharide derived from Sepia esculenta ink,were prepared and their antioxidant,anticoagulant and thrombolytic properties were evaluated.Data s...Carboxymethylated,phosphorylated and sulfated derivatives of SIP-IV,a polysaccharide derived from Sepia esculenta ink,were prepared and their antioxidant,anticoagulant and thrombolytic properties were evaluated.Data showed that sulfation and phosphorylation modification improved antioxidant activity of SIP-IV,but carboxymethylation impaired the property.In vitro data showed that SIP-IV and its three modified derivatives could significantly prolong activated partial thrombin time(APTT),prothrombin time(PT)and thrombin time(TT),and also exhibited thrombolysis activity.In vivo,these polymers alleviated chemotherapy-induced blood hypercoagulation by reversing abnormal levels of coagulation factors II and X,and antithrombin III in plasma,resulting in prolonged bleeding time.Moreover,the polysaccharides play an antagonistic role against chemotherapy-mediated liver oxidative stress.Sulfate-modified polysaccharide(S-SIP-IV)has the best anticoagulant,thrombolytic and antioxidant effects.展开更多
基金supported by STI 2030-Major Project(2023ZD04069)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472129,U24A20392,32201841)+1 种基金Regional Joint Youth Fund for Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(2022 A1515110454)Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou(2023B03J1355).
文摘Grain size is a crucial factor influencing both rice yield and appearance quality.In this study,we identified GL6.1 as a gene associated with rice grain size by map-based cloning.The GL6.1 encodes a protein with CC-NB-LRR domain,a structural motif related to rice disease resistance.Genetic transformation experiments and the construction of gene pyramiding lines indicate that GL6.1 functions as a negative regulatory factor for rice grain length.By the analysis of SSSLs with diverse donor parents,a total of 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)are identified that are closely associated with the phenotype variations.A yeast one-hybrid library screening revealed that GL6.1 interacts with OsWRKY53,a transcription factor associated with rice disease resistance.Furthermore,RNA-seq assay also revealed the involvement of pathways associated with disease resistance,hinting at a multifaceted role for GL6.1 in both yield and stress tolerance traits in rice.These results indicate that the cloning and in-depth studies of GL6.1 would provide valuable insights into the interplay among high yield,superior quality,and stress tolerance,which are critical goals for rice breeding.
文摘<strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate influence of metabolic syndrome on vibration perception threshold in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes who were not diagnosed with diabets before. <strong>Material and Methods:</strong> First-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes at the age of 40 - 60 s who had not been diagnosed with diabetes before were enrolled. Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic blood pressure), body fat percentage, fasting plasma lipid, fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour blood glucose after 75 g oral glucose and vibration perception threshold were measured. <strong>Results:</strong> 58 subjects were diagnosed with the level of vibration perception threshold ≥ 16 V. Vibration perception threshold in the metabolic syndrome group was significantly higher than that in the non-metabolic syndrome group (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Vibration perception threshold increased with the increase of metabolic syndrome component. The group with ≥3 components of metabolic syndrome had a significantly higher level of vibration perception, as compared with that of group with 0 component, group with 1 component of metabolic syndrome (<em>p</em> < 0.01). Group with 2 components of metabolic syndrome had a significantly higher level of vibration perception threshold when comparing with group with 0 component (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Vibration perception threshold was positively correlated with weight, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and 2-hour blood glucose. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and vibration perception threshold. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Some first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes who have not been diagnosed with diabetes have high risk of peripheral neuropathy, especially those with metabolic syndrome. Waist circumference and blood pressure are the main factors affecting Vibration perception threshold levels. Early detection of vibration perception threshold should be performed in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes with metabolic syndrome. Waist circumference and blood pressure may be important risk factors of peripheral neuropathy for them.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072040, 31622041)the Key Projects of Basic Research and Applied Basic Research of Guangdong Province(2019B030302006)
文摘Grain size is an important determinant of grain weight and yield in rice.Although several genes related to grain size have been identified,natural variations in these genes that affect grain size are poorly characterized.Here,we describe the grain length QTL GL10,encoding MADS56,which positively regulates grain length and grain weight.A natural allelic variation of NIL-gl10,containing an~1.0-kb deletion in the first exon that abolishes its transcription,results in shorter grain length,lower grain weight and delayed flowering in gl10 plants.The knockout of GL10 in the HJX74 background leads to grain phenotypes similar to that of NIL-gl10,while overexpression of GL10 results in increased grain length and weight and earlier heading date.GL10 regulates grain length by promoting greater longitudinal cell growth in the grain glume.Additionally,GL10 participates in the regulation of gibberellic acid(GA)signaling pathway genes in young panicle tissues.Analysis of GL10 haplotypes shows obvious divergence between the japonica and indica lineages.Our findings reveal an allelic variation of GL10 that may explain differences in grain length among modern cultivars and could be used to breed rice varieties with optimized grain shape.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2025A1515012561 and 2024A1515013152)National Natural Science Foundation of China(W2433071 and 31972367)Provincial Rural Revitalization Strategy Special Project of Guangdong in 2024(2024-NPY-00-030).
文摘Pitaya is an important perennial herbaceous fruit tree.The color of fruit determines pitaya nutritive(and attractive)value,which is considered as an important objective in breeding improvement.In this study,we reported the first telomere-to-telomere(T2T)gap-free genome of“Shuangse No.1”pitaya(Hylocereus polyrhizus;red peel).Two high-quality genomes for“Dahong”(H.polyrhizus;red peel)and“Honghuaqinglong”(H.stenopterus;stay-green)were further assembled,aiming to explore the genetic diversity of pitaya genomes.In further analysis,we noticed a high proportion of viral contamination in pitaya tissues,which hindered the efficient utilization of transcriptomic data.To address this issue,we analyzed 111 pitaya transcriptome data from different geographic regions to characterize and separate viral components.Then we developed an efficient,novel,and universal transcript purification system for pitaya transcriptomes by applying it to 27 samples from different tissues and species,thereby enhancing the utility for transcriptomic and broader biological research.Combining the purified transcriptomic data with comparative genomic analyses,we identified HuERF72,a transcription factor(TF)that potentially regulates chlorophyll degradation in pitaya.Interaction assays and plant transformation elucidated that HuERF72 acts as a repressive TF by directly binding to the promoter of HuSGR1,a key structural gene in the chlorophyll degradation pathway.This study provides high-quality genomic resources and novel methodologies for molecular investigations in pitaya.Additionally,the proposed regulatory network advances our understanding of the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms underlying chlorophyll degradation,offering valuable insights into the genetic improvement of pitaya.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52103198,52311530079)Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(2023A1515010067)Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen Municipality(RCBS20210609104333005,JCYJ20220530145001003).
文摘The imbalance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts is the cause of osteoporosis.Milk-derived extracellular vesicles(mEVs),excellent drug delivery nanocarriers,can promote bone formation and inhibit bone resorption.In this study,we conjugated bone-targeting peptide(AspSerSer,DSS)6 to mEVs by click chemistry and then loaded with SRT2104,a SIRT1(silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog 1)agonist that was proofed to help reduce bone loss.The engineered(DSS)6-mEV-SRT2104 had the intrinsic anti-osteoporosis function of mEVs and SRT2104 to reverse the imbalance in bone homeostasis by simultaneously regulating osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis.Furthermore,we labelled mEVs with MnB nanoparticles that can be used for the in vivo magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)visualization.The obtained nanocomposites significantly prevented bone loss in osteoporosis mice and increased bone mineral density,exhibiting superior bone accumulation under MRI.We believe the proposed(DSS)6-mEV-SRT2104/MnB provides a novel paradigm for osteoporosis treatment and monitoring.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30570886).
文摘The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of resistin on insulin signaling in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs).HUVECs were incubated with recombinant human resistin(0–100 ng/mL)for 24 h.Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)phosphorylation levels of endothelial cells under basal or insulin stimulated conditions were measured by Western blot.Nitric oxide(NO)production of HUVECs was also detected.The results showed that resistin could significantly inhibit Akt and eNOS phos-phorylation and NO production in endothelial cells under insulin stimulated conditions(P<0.05 vs control).But under basal conditions,treatment with resistin could result in a decrease in eNOS phosphorylation(P<0.05 vs control)but had no effect on NO production and Akt phosphorylation levels.Thesefindings suggested that resistin exerted an inhibitory effect on NO production by inhibiting insulin signaling and eNOS phosphorylation in endothelial cells.
基金supported by the Major Program of Guangdong Basicand Applied Research(2019B030302006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31921004,32172017 and 31871700)the Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project(NZ2021002 and NT2021002)。
文摘Flowers are the core reproductive organ of plants, and flowering is essential for cross-pollination. Diurnal flower-opening time is thus a key trait influencing reproductive isolation, hybrid breeding, and thermostability in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling this trait remain unknown. Here, we report that rice Diurnal Flower Opening Time 1 (DFOT1) modulates pectin methylesterase (PME) activity to regulate pectin methylesterification levels of the lodicule cell walls, which affect lodicule swelling to control diurnal flower-opening time. DFOT1 is specifically expressed in the lodicules, and its expression gradually increases with the approach to flowering but decreases with flowering. Importantly, a knockout of DFOT1 showed earlier diurnal flower opening. We demonstrate that DFOT1 interacts directly with multiple PMEs to promote their activity. Knockout of PME40 also resulted in early diurnal flower opening, whereas overexpression of PME42 delayed diurnal flower opening. Lower PME activity was observed to be associated with higher levels of pectin methylesterification and the softening of cell walls in lodicules, which contribute to the absorption of water by lodicules and cause them to swell, thus promoting early diurnal flower opening. Higher PME activity had the opposite effect. Collectively, our work uncovers a molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of diurnal flower-opening time in rice, which would help reduce the costs of hybrid breeding and improve the heat tolerance of flowering plants by avoiding higher temperatures at anthesis.
基金supported by grants from Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515012091)the Project of Application-Based Talent Training Course from Guangdong Ocean University(570319017,571119165)Postgraduate Education Innovation Program of Guangdong Ocean University(521005022,040502122103).
文摘Carboxymethylated,phosphorylated and sulfated derivatives of SIP-IV,a polysaccharide derived from Sepia esculenta ink,were prepared and their antioxidant,anticoagulant and thrombolytic properties were evaluated.Data showed that sulfation and phosphorylation modification improved antioxidant activity of SIP-IV,but carboxymethylation impaired the property.In vitro data showed that SIP-IV and its three modified derivatives could significantly prolong activated partial thrombin time(APTT),prothrombin time(PT)and thrombin time(TT),and also exhibited thrombolysis activity.In vivo,these polymers alleviated chemotherapy-induced blood hypercoagulation by reversing abnormal levels of coagulation factors II and X,and antithrombin III in plasma,resulting in prolonged bleeding time.Moreover,the polysaccharides play an antagonistic role against chemotherapy-mediated liver oxidative stress.Sulfate-modified polysaccharide(S-SIP-IV)has the best anticoagulant,thrombolytic and antioxidant effects.
