Changes are needed to improve the efficiency and lower the CO_(2)emissions of traditional coal-fired power generation,which is the main source of global CO_(2)emissions.The integrated gasification fuel cell(IGFC)proce...Changes are needed to improve the efficiency and lower the CO_(2)emissions of traditional coal-fired power generation,which is the main source of global CO_(2)emissions.The integrated gasification fuel cell(IGFC)process,which combines coal gasification and high-temperature fuel cells,was proposed in 2017 to improve the efficiency of coal-based power generation and reduce CO_(2)emissions.Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,the IGFC for nearzero CO_(2)emissions program was enacted with the goal of achieving near-zero CO_(2)emissions based on(1)catalytic combustion of the flue gas from solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)stacks and(2)CO_(2)conversion using solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs).In this work,we investigated a kW-level catalytic combustion burner and SOEC stack,evaluated the electrochemical performance of the SOEC stack in H2O electrolysis and H2O/CO_(2)co-electrolysis,and established a multiscale and multi-physical coupling simulation model of SOFCs and SOECs.The process developed in this work paves the way for the demonstration and deployment of IGFC technology in the future.展开更多
High-temperature CO_(2)electrolysis via solid oxide electrolysis cells(CO_(2)-SOECs)has drawn special attention due to the high energy convention efficiency,fast electrode kinetics,and great potential in carbon cyclin...High-temperature CO_(2)electrolysis via solid oxide electrolysis cells(CO_(2)-SOECs)has drawn special attention due to the high energy convention efficiency,fast electrode kinetics,and great potential in carbon cycling.However,the development of cathode materials with high catalytic activity and chemical stability for pure CO_(2)electrolysis is still a great challenge.In this work,A-site cation deficient dual-phase material,namely(Pr_(0.4)Ca_(0.6))_(x)Fe_(0.8)Ni_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(PCFN,x=1,0.95,and 0.9),has been designed as the fuel electrode for a pure CO_(2)-SOEC,which presents superior electrochemical performance.Among all these compositions,(Pr_(0.4)Ca_(0.6))_(0.95)Fe_(0.8)Ni_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(PCFN95)exhibited the lowest polarization resistance of 0.458Ωcm^(2)at open-circuit voltage and 800℃.The application of PCFN95 as the cathode in a single cell yields an impressive electrolysis current density of 1.76 A cm^(-2)at 1.5 V and 800℃,which is 76%higher than that of single cells with stoichiometric Pr_(0.4)Ca_(0.6)Fe_(0.8)Ni_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(PCFN100)cathode.The effects of A-site deficiency on materials'phase structure and physicochemical properties are also systematically investigated.Such an enhancement in electrochemical performance is attributed to the promotion of effective CO_(2)adsorption,as well as the improved electrode kinetics resulting from the A-site deficiency.展开更多
Excessive emission of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))has posed an imminent threat to human's environment and global prosperity.To achieve a sustainable future,solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC),which can efficiently combin...Excessive emission of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))has posed an imminent threat to human's environment and global prosperity.To achieve a sustainable future,solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC),which can efficiently combine CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)and renewable energy storage,has become increasingly attractive owing to its unique functionalities.Additionally,symmetrical SOEC(SSOEC)has been considered as one of the most versatile cell configurations due to its simplified process,high compatibility,and low cost.However,the electrode material requirements become very demanding since efficient catalytic-activities are required for both CO_(2)RR and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herein,we demonstrate a novel high-entropy perovskite type symmetrical electrode Pr_(0.5)Ba_(0.5)Mn_(0.2)Fe_(0.2)Co_(0.2)Ni_(0.2)Cu_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(HE-PBM)for SSOEC.B-site doping of transition metals such as Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,and Cu in HE-PBM anode has been found to strongly accelerate the OER in the anode.Moreover,the presence of in-situ formed Fe–Co–Ni–Cu quaternary alloy nanocatalysts from HE-PBM cathode under reducing atmosphere has resulted in superior catalytic-activity towards CO_(2)RR.The faster kinetics are also reflected by the significantly low polarization resistance of 0.289Ω⋅cm^(-2)and high electrolysis current density of 1.21 A⋅cm^(-2)for CO_(2)RR at 2.0 V and 800℃.The excellent electrochemical performance and stability demonstrate that the highentropy perovskite material is a promising electrode material in SSOEC for efficient and durable CO_(2)RR.展开更多
We consider a SU(3) spin–orbit coupled Bose–Einstein condensate confined in a harmonic plus quartic trap.The ground-state wave functions of such a system are obtained by minimizing the Gross–Pitaevskii energy funct...We consider a SU(3) spin–orbit coupled Bose–Einstein condensate confined in a harmonic plus quartic trap.The ground-state wave functions of such a system are obtained by minimizing the Gross–Pitaevskii energy functional, and the effects of the spin-dependent interaction and spin–orbit coupling are investigated in detail.For the case of ferromagnetic spin interaction, the SU(3) spin–orbit coupling induces a threefold-degenerate plane wave ground state with nontrivial spin texture.For the case of antiferromagnetic spin interaction, the system shows phase separation for weak SU(3) spin–orbit coupling, where three discrete minima with unequal weights in momentum space are selected, while hexagonal honeycomb lattice structure for strong SU(3) SOC, where three discrete minima with equal weights are selected.展开更多
Stochastic heterogeneous microstructures are widely applied in structural and functional materials,playing a crucial role in determining their performance.X-ray tomography and focused ion beam serial sectioning are fr...Stochastic heterogeneous microstructures are widely applied in structural and functional materials,playing a crucial role in determining their performance.X-ray tomography and focused ion beam serial sectioning are frequently used methods to reconstruct three-dimensional(3D)microstructures,yet are demanding techniques and are resolution-limited.Here,a highthroughput multi-stage 3D reconstruction method via distance correlation functions is developed using a single representatively large-sized 2D micrograph for stochastic microstructures,and verified by X-ray micro-tomography datasets of isotropic and anisotropic solid oxide fuel cell electrodes.This method provides an economic,easy-to-use and high-throughput approach for reconstructing stochastic heterogeneous microstructures for energy conversion and storage devices,and can readily be extended to other materials.展开更多
Tendon injuries often lead to joint dysfunction due to the limited self-regeneration capacity of tendons.Repairing tendons is a major challenge for surgeons and imposes a signif-icant financial burden on society.There...Tendon injuries often lead to joint dysfunction due to the limited self-regeneration capacity of tendons.Repairing tendons is a major challenge for surgeons and imposes a signif-icant financial burden on society.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop effective stra-tegies for repairing injured tendons.Tendon tissue engineering using hydrogels has emerged as a promising approach that has attracted considerable interest.Hydrogels possess excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability,enabling them to create an extracellular matrix-like growth environment for cells.They can also serve as a carrier for cells or other substances to accelerate tendon repair.In the past decade,numerous studies have made significant prog-ress in the preparation of hydrogel scaffolds for tendon healing.This review aims to provide an overview of recent research on the materials of hydrogel-based scaffolds used for tendon tis-sue engineering and discusses the delivery systems based on them.展开更多
Solid-oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)offer great promise for producing electricity using a wide variety of fuels such as natural gas,coal gas and gasified carbonaceous solids;however,conventional nickel-based anodes face grea...Solid-oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)offer great promise for producing electricity using a wide variety of fuels such as natural gas,coal gas and gasified carbonaceous solids;however,conventional nickel-based anodes face great challenges due to contaminants in readily available fuels,especially sulphur-containing compounds.Thus,the development of new anode materials that can suppress sulphur poisoning is crucial to the realization of fuel-flexible and cost-effective SOFCs.In this work,La_(0.1)Sr_(1.9)Fe_(1.4)Ni_(0.1)Mo_(0.5)O_(6-δ)(LSFNM)and Pr_(0.1)Sr_(1.9)Fe_(1.4)Ni_(0.1)Mo_(0.5)O_(6-δ)(PSFNM)materials have been synthesized using a sol-gel method in air and investigated as anode mater-ials for SOFCs.Metallic nanoparticle-decorated ceramic anodes were obtained by the reduction of LSFNM and PSFNM in H_(2)at 850℃,forming a Ruddlesden-Popper oxide with exsolved FeNi3 bimetallic nanoparticles.The electrochemical performance of the Sr_(2)Fe_(1.4)Ni_(0.1)Mo_(0.5)O_(6-δ)ceramic anode was greatly enhanced by La doping of A-sites,resulting in a 44%decrease in the polarization resistance in reducing atmosphere.The maximum power densities of Sr-and Mg-doped LaGaO_(3)(LSGM)(300μm)electrolyte-supported single cells with LSFNM as the anode reached 1.371 W cm^(-2)in H_(2)and 1.306 W cm^(-2)in 50 ppm H_(2)S-H_(2)at 850℃.Meanwhile,PSFNM showed improved sulphur tolerance,which could be fully recovered after six cycles from H_(2)to 50 ppm H_(2)S-H_(2)operation.This study indicates that LSFNM and PSFNM are promising high-performance anodes for SOFCs.展开更多
One potential solution to the problems of energy storage and conversion is the use of reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells(R-PCEC),which are based on the solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)technology and offer a ...One potential solution to the problems of energy storage and conversion is the use of reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells(R-PCEC),which are based on the solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)technology and offer a flexible route to the generation of renewable fuels.However,the R-PCEC development faces a range of significant challenges,including slow oxygen reaction kinetics,inadequate durability,and poor round-trip efficiency resulting from the inadequacy of an air electrode.To address these issues,we report novel B-sites doped Pr_(0.5)Ba_(0.5)Co_(0.7)Fe_(0.3)O_(3−δ)(PBCF)with varying amounts of Sn as the air electrode for R-PCEC to further enhance electrochemical performance at lower temperatures.At 600℃,R-PCEC with an air electrode consisting of Pr_(0.5)Ba_(0.5)Co_(0.7)Fe_(0.25)Sn_(0.05)O_(3+δ)has achieved peak power density of 1.12 W∙cm^(−2)in the fuel cell mode and current density of 1.79 A∙cm^(−2)in the electrolysis mode at a voltage of 1.3 V.Moreover,R-PCECs have shown good stability in the electrolysis mode of 100 h.This study presents a practical method for developing durable high-performance air electrodes for R-PCECs.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFB0601904).
文摘Changes are needed to improve the efficiency and lower the CO_(2)emissions of traditional coal-fired power generation,which is the main source of global CO_(2)emissions.The integrated gasification fuel cell(IGFC)process,which combines coal gasification and high-temperature fuel cells,was proposed in 2017 to improve the efficiency of coal-based power generation and reduce CO_(2)emissions.Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,the IGFC for nearzero CO_(2)emissions program was enacted with the goal of achieving near-zero CO_(2)emissions based on(1)catalytic combustion of the flue gas from solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)stacks and(2)CO_(2)conversion using solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs).In this work,we investigated a kW-level catalytic combustion burner and SOEC stack,evaluated the electrochemical performance of the SOEC stack in H2O electrolysis and H2O/CO_(2)co-electrolysis,and established a multiscale and multi-physical coupling simulation model of SOFCs and SOECs.The process developed in this work paves the way for the demonstration and deployment of IGFC technology in the future.
基金supported by the U.S.Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy(EERE)under the Industrial Efficiency&Decarbonization Office award number[DE-EE0009427]the funding support by the U.S.Department of Energy(USDOE),Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy(EERE),Advanced Manufacturing Office(AMO),under DOE Idaho Operations Office under Contract No.DEAC07-05ID14517
文摘High-temperature CO_(2)electrolysis via solid oxide electrolysis cells(CO_(2)-SOECs)has drawn special attention due to the high energy convention efficiency,fast electrode kinetics,and great potential in carbon cycling.However,the development of cathode materials with high catalytic activity and chemical stability for pure CO_(2)electrolysis is still a great challenge.In this work,A-site cation deficient dual-phase material,namely(Pr_(0.4)Ca_(0.6))_(x)Fe_(0.8)Ni_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(PCFN,x=1,0.95,and 0.9),has been designed as the fuel electrode for a pure CO_(2)-SOEC,which presents superior electrochemical performance.Among all these compositions,(Pr_(0.4)Ca_(0.6))_(0.95)Fe_(0.8)Ni_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(PCFN95)exhibited the lowest polarization resistance of 0.458Ωcm^(2)at open-circuit voltage and 800℃.The application of PCFN95 as the cathode in a single cell yields an impressive electrolysis current density of 1.76 A cm^(-2)at 1.5 V and 800℃,which is 76%higher than that of single cells with stoichiometric Pr_(0.4)Ca_(0.6)Fe_(0.8)Ni_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(PCFN100)cathode.The effects of A-site deficiency on materials'phase structure and physicochemical properties are also systematically investigated.Such an enhancement in electrochemical performance is attributed to the promotion of effective CO_(2)adsorption,as well as the improved electrode kinetics resulting from the A-site deficiency.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20317),the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1504701)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University(2042022gf0002)the U.S.National Science Foundation(1832809)and the start-up research funds from Wuhan Institute of Technology(K202201).
文摘Excessive emission of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))has posed an imminent threat to human's environment and global prosperity.To achieve a sustainable future,solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC),which can efficiently combine CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)and renewable energy storage,has become increasingly attractive owing to its unique functionalities.Additionally,symmetrical SOEC(SSOEC)has been considered as one of the most versatile cell configurations due to its simplified process,high compatibility,and low cost.However,the electrode material requirements become very demanding since efficient catalytic-activities are required for both CO_(2)RR and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herein,we demonstrate a novel high-entropy perovskite type symmetrical electrode Pr_(0.5)Ba_(0.5)Mn_(0.2)Fe_(0.2)Co_(0.2)Ni_(0.2)Cu_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(HE-PBM)for SSOEC.B-site doping of transition metals such as Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,and Cu in HE-PBM anode has been found to strongly accelerate the OER in the anode.Moreover,the presence of in-situ formed Fe–Co–Ni–Cu quaternary alloy nanocatalysts from HE-PBM cathode under reducing atmosphere has resulted in superior catalytic-activity towards CO_(2)RR.The faster kinetics are also reflected by the significantly low polarization resistance of 0.289Ω⋅cm^(-2)and high electrolysis current density of 1.21 A⋅cm^(-2)for CO_(2)RR at 2.0 V and 800℃.The excellent electrochemical performance and stability demonstrate that the highentropy perovskite material is a promising electrode material in SSOEC for efficient and durable CO_(2)RR.
文摘We consider a SU(3) spin–orbit coupled Bose–Einstein condensate confined in a harmonic plus quartic trap.The ground-state wave functions of such a system are obtained by minimizing the Gross–Pitaevskii energy functional, and the effects of the spin-dependent interaction and spin–orbit coupling are investigated in detail.For the case of ferromagnetic spin interaction, the SU(3) spin–orbit coupling induces a threefold-degenerate plane wave ground state with nontrivial spin texture.For the case of antiferromagnetic spin interaction, the system shows phase separation for weak SU(3) spin–orbit coupling, where three discrete minima with unequal weights in momentum space are selected, while hexagonal honeycomb lattice structure for strong SU(3) SOC, where three discrete minima with equal weights are selected.
基金We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from Natural Science Foundation of China(21673062,51402066,and 51371070)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(2015M571411,2016T90282,LBH-Z15061,and LBH-TZ1607)the US Department of Energy SECA Core Technology Program(DE-FE0031670).
文摘Stochastic heterogeneous microstructures are widely applied in structural and functional materials,playing a crucial role in determining their performance.X-ray tomography and focused ion beam serial sectioning are frequently used methods to reconstruct three-dimensional(3D)microstructures,yet are demanding techniques and are resolution-limited.Here,a highthroughput multi-stage 3D reconstruction method via distance correlation functions is developed using a single representatively large-sized 2D micrograph for stochastic microstructures,and verified by X-ray micro-tomography datasets of isotropic and anisotropic solid oxide fuel cell electrodes.This method provides an economic,easy-to-use and high-throughput approach for reconstructing stochastic heterogeneous microstructures for energy conversion and storage devices,and can readily be extended to other materials.
基金supported by the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(No.2020GXNSFBA297089)Youth and Talent Research Project of Guangxi Science and Technology(China)(No.AD21220065)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82102632 and 82160412)Liuzhou Science and Technology Project(No.2021CBB0106 and 2021CBB0108).
文摘Tendon injuries often lead to joint dysfunction due to the limited self-regeneration capacity of tendons.Repairing tendons is a major challenge for surgeons and imposes a signif-icant financial burden on society.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop effective stra-tegies for repairing injured tendons.Tendon tissue engineering using hydrogels has emerged as a promising approach that has attracted considerable interest.Hydrogels possess excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability,enabling them to create an extracellular matrix-like growth environment for cells.They can also serve as a carrier for cells or other substances to accelerate tendon repair.In the past decade,numerous studies have made significant prog-ress in the preparation of hydrogel scaffolds for tendon healing.This review aims to provide an overview of recent research on the materials of hydrogel-based scaffolds used for tendon tis-sue engineering and discusses the delivery systems based on them.
基金supported by the US National Science Foundation (DMR-1832809)Idaho National Laboratory,Laboratory Directed Research&Development program under the Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office (DE-AC07-051D14517).
文摘Solid-oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)offer great promise for producing electricity using a wide variety of fuels such as natural gas,coal gas and gasified carbonaceous solids;however,conventional nickel-based anodes face great challenges due to contaminants in readily available fuels,especially sulphur-containing compounds.Thus,the development of new anode materials that can suppress sulphur poisoning is crucial to the realization of fuel-flexible and cost-effective SOFCs.In this work,La_(0.1)Sr_(1.9)Fe_(1.4)Ni_(0.1)Mo_(0.5)O_(6-δ)(LSFNM)and Pr_(0.1)Sr_(1.9)Fe_(1.4)Ni_(0.1)Mo_(0.5)O_(6-δ)(PSFNM)materials have been synthesized using a sol-gel method in air and investigated as anode mater-ials for SOFCs.Metallic nanoparticle-decorated ceramic anodes were obtained by the reduction of LSFNM and PSFNM in H_(2)at 850℃,forming a Ruddlesden-Popper oxide with exsolved FeNi3 bimetallic nanoparticles.The electrochemical performance of the Sr_(2)Fe_(1.4)Ni_(0.1)Mo_(0.5)O_(6-δ)ceramic anode was greatly enhanced by La doping of A-sites,resulting in a 44%decrease in the polarization resistance in reducing atmosphere.The maximum power densities of Sr-and Mg-doped LaGaO_(3)(LSGM)(300μm)electrolyte-supported single cells with LSFNM as the anode reached 1.371 W cm^(-2)in H_(2)and 1.306 W cm^(-2)in 50 ppm H_(2)S-H_(2)at 850℃.Meanwhile,PSFNM showed improved sulphur tolerance,which could be fully recovered after six cycles from H_(2)to 50 ppm H_(2)S-H_(2)operation.This study indicates that LSFNM and PSFNM are promising high-performance anodes for SOFCs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11875164)Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province(No.18KJA430017)U.S.National Science Foundation(No.1832809).
文摘One potential solution to the problems of energy storage and conversion is the use of reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells(R-PCEC),which are based on the solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)technology and offer a flexible route to the generation of renewable fuels.However,the R-PCEC development faces a range of significant challenges,including slow oxygen reaction kinetics,inadequate durability,and poor round-trip efficiency resulting from the inadequacy of an air electrode.To address these issues,we report novel B-sites doped Pr_(0.5)Ba_(0.5)Co_(0.7)Fe_(0.3)O_(3−δ)(PBCF)with varying amounts of Sn as the air electrode for R-PCEC to further enhance electrochemical performance at lower temperatures.At 600℃,R-PCEC with an air electrode consisting of Pr_(0.5)Ba_(0.5)Co_(0.7)Fe_(0.25)Sn_(0.05)O_(3+δ)has achieved peak power density of 1.12 W∙cm^(−2)in the fuel cell mode and current density of 1.79 A∙cm^(−2)in the electrolysis mode at a voltage of 1.3 V.Moreover,R-PCECs have shown good stability in the electrolysis mode of 100 h.This study presents a practical method for developing durable high-performance air electrodes for R-PCECs.
