Electrides are emerging materials that exhibit a unique electronic structure,where electrons,unbound to spe-cific atomic nuclei,act as anions within periodic lattice vacancies.The most characteristic feature of an ele...Electrides are emerging materials that exhibit a unique electronic structure,where electrons,unbound to spe-cific atomic nuclei,act as anions within periodic lattice vacancies.The most characteristic feature of an electride is its low work function(Φ_(WF)<∼3.5 eV),comparable to alkali metals,making it a highly promising electron donor in chemical reactions.In this paper,we summarized recent applications of variable electrides in vari-ous reactions,especially as catalysts.We thoroughly explored their unique behaviors and demonstrated their broad applicability in multiple reactions,such as selective hydrogenation,carbon-carbon coupling reactions,and electrocatalysis.In addition,we discussed the current challenges of electrides with active electron anions and highlighted their substantial potential for application in future advancements.This review provides fundamental guidance for utilizing high-performance electride-based materials in various chemical reactions,mainly focusing on heterogeneous catalysis.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( T2322009 and 52173284 )Shenzhen fundamental research funding ( JCYJ20210324115809026 and JCYJ20220530114616036 )+3 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation ( 2022A1515011295 )Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory Program ( 2021B1212040001 ) from the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong ProvinceGuangdong Provincial University Science and Technology Program ( 2023KTSCX123 ) from the Department of Education of Guangdong ProvinceHH was supported by the JST MIRAI PROGRAM ( JPMJMI21E9 ).
文摘Electrides are emerging materials that exhibit a unique electronic structure,where electrons,unbound to spe-cific atomic nuclei,act as anions within periodic lattice vacancies.The most characteristic feature of an electride is its low work function(Φ_(WF)<∼3.5 eV),comparable to alkali metals,making it a highly promising electron donor in chemical reactions.In this paper,we summarized recent applications of variable electrides in vari-ous reactions,especially as catalysts.We thoroughly explored their unique behaviors and demonstrated their broad applicability in multiple reactions,such as selective hydrogenation,carbon-carbon coupling reactions,and electrocatalysis.In addition,we discussed the current challenges of electrides with active electron anions and highlighted their substantial potential for application in future advancements.This review provides fundamental guidance for utilizing high-performance electride-based materials in various chemical reactions,mainly focusing on heterogeneous catalysis.
