Membrane distillation(MD)has gained extensive attention for treating highly saline wastewater.However,membrane scaling during the MD process has hindered the rapid development of this technology.Current approaches to ...Membrane distillation(MD)has gained extensive attention for treating highly saline wastewater.However,membrane scaling during the MD process has hindered the rapid development of this technology.Current approaches to mitigate scaling in membrane distillation focus primarily on achieving enhanced hydrophobicity and even superhydrophobicity via utilizing fluorinated fibrous membrane or introducing perfluorosilane modification.Considering the environmental hazards posed by fluorinated compounds,it is highly desirable to develop non-fluorinated membranes with enhanced anti-scaling properties for effective membrane distillation.In this study,we present a non-fluorinated liquid-like MD membrane with exceptional anti-scaling performance.This membrane was facilely fabricated by grafting linear polydimethylsiloxane(LPDMS)onto a hydrophilic polyether sulfone(PES)membrane pre-coated with the intermediate layers of polydopamine and silica(denoted as LPDMS-PES).Remarkably,LPDMS-PES manifested a drastically improved scaling resistance in continuous MD tests than its perfluorinated counterpart,i.e.,1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane-modified PES membrane(PFOS-PES),in both heterogeneous nucleation-dominated and crystal deposition-dominated scaling processes,despite the latter having a smaller surface energy.LPDMS-PES demonstrated a reduction of crystal accumulation of approximately 85%for Na Cl and 73%for Ca SO_(4) in the heterogeneous nucleation-dominated scaling process compared to PFOS-PES.Additionally,in the crystal deposition-dominated scaling process LPDMS-PES exhibited a reduction of about 70%in scale accumulation.These results explicitly evidenced the great potential of the liquid-like membrane to minimize scaling in membrane distillation by inhibiting both scale nucleation and adhesion onto the membrane.We believe the findings of this study have important implications for the design of high-performance MD membranes,particularly in the quest for environmentally sustainable alternatives to perfluorinated materials.展开更多
Nitrogen removal is a critical process in water treatment plants(WIPs)and wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs).The recent discovery of a novel bacterial process,complete ammonia oxidation(comammox,CMX),has refuted a cen...Nitrogen removal is a critical process in water treatment plants(WIPs)and wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs).The recent discovery of a novel bacterial process,complete ammonia oxidation(comammox,CMX),has refuted a century-long perception of the two-step conversion of NH3to NO3-.Compared with canonical nitrifiers,CMX bacteria offer undeniable advantages,such as a high growth yield propensity and adaptability to nutrient-and growth-limiting conditions,which collectively draw attention to validate the aptness of CMX bacteria to wastewater treatment.As there has been no comprehensive review on the relevance of CMX bacteria for sustainable water and wastewater treatment,this review is intended to discuss the roles and applications of CMX in the removal of nitrogen and pollutants from water and wastewater.We took into account insights into the metabolic versatilities of CMX bacteria at the clade and subclade levels.We focused on the distribution of CMX bacteria in engineered systems,niche differentiation,co-occurrence and interactions with cano nical nitrifiers for a better understanding of CMX bacteria in terms of their ecophysiology.Conceptualized details on the reactor adaptability and stress response of CMX bacteria are provided.The potential of CMX bacteria to degrade micropollutants either directly or co-metabolically was evaluated,and these insights would be an indispensable advantage in opening the doors for wider applications of CMX bacteria in WWTPs.Finally,we summarized future directions of research that are imperative in improving the understanding of CMX biology.展开更多
Effluent organic matter（Ef OM） from municipal wastewater treatment plants potentially has a detrimental effect on both aquatic organisms and humans.This study evaluated the removal and transformation of chromophoric...Effluent organic matter（Ef OM） from municipal wastewater treatment plants potentially has a detrimental effect on both aquatic organisms and humans.This study evaluated the removal and transformation of chromophoric dissolved organic matter（CDOM） and fluorescent dissolved organic matter（FDOM） in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant under different seasons.The results showed that bio-treatment was found to be more efficient in removing bulk DOM（in term of dissolved organic carbon,DOC） than CDOM and FDOM,which was contrary to the disinfection process.CDOM and FDOM were selectively removed at various stages during the treatment.Typically,the low molecular weight fractions of CDOM and protein-like FDOM were more efficiently removed during bio-treatment process,whereas the humic-like FDOM exhibited comparable decreases in both bio-treatment and disinfection processes.Overall,the performance of the WWTP was weak in terms of CDOM and FDOM removal,resulting in enrichment of CDOM and FDOM in effluent.Moreover,the total removal of the bulk DOM（P 〈 0.05） and the protein-like FDOM（P 〈 0.05） displayed a significant seasonal variation,with higher removal efficiencies in summer,whereas removal of CDOM and the humic-like FDOM showed little differences between summer and winter.In all,the results provide useful information for understanding the fate and transformation of DOM,illustrating that sub-fractions of DOM could be selectively removed depending on treatment processes and seasonality.展开更多
We took the iron-efficient and iron-inefficient soybean varieties with significant differences in iron efficiency as the test materials,in order to ascertain the relationship between the low iron stress and the iron e...We took the iron-efficient and iron-inefficient soybean varieties with significant differences in iron efficiency as the test materials,in order to ascertain the relationship between the low iron stress and the iron efficiency of soybean varieties.The results showed that through the principal component analysis,it was found that the contribution rate of the shoot light energy absorption factor and root morphological factor was the highest,reaching 41.0% and 67.2%,respectively.According to the eigenvector with high absolute value for the two factors,it was found that improving photosynthesis and root surface area could help to improve the ability of soybean to resist low iron.From the dynamic simulation results of Logistic equation,both V and Vmof the shoot and root of iron-efficient varieties were higher than those of iron-inefficient varieties;the low iron treatment postponed the time of the root of iron-inefficient varieties to reach Vm,while the iron-efficient varieties were resistant to the damage caused by the low iron to growth by improving root V.However,when the iron concentration was 0 mM,regardless of iron-efficient varieties or iron-inefficient varieties,the shoot V,Vmand △t were all low,indicating that the division of different iron efficiency varieties was relative,not absolute,and the ability of plant to resist stress was not only determined by its own characteristics,but also closely related to the degree of stress.展开更多
Microbial immigrants arriving with influent wastewater may influence activated sludge(AS)ecosystems.However,the extent to which immigration impacts AS communities is still debated.To explore the intensity of immigrati...Microbial immigrants arriving with influent wastewater may influence activated sludge(AS)ecosystems.However,the extent to which immigration impacts AS communities is still debated.To explore the intensity of immigration impact,we used sequencing technology to track the raw wastewater and AS communities from a membrane bioreactor plant over a 12-month period.We first distinguished core populations from peripheral ones in both raw wastewater and AS based on their occurrence frequency and abundance.The results showed that core OTUs(≥80%occurrence frequency)made up a large fraction(>90%)of total sequences,while peripheral OTUs composed the majority of all detected OTUs but merely occupied a few sequences.A significant difference in core communities between the influent and AS was found,as well as between the compositions of core and peripheral populations.Additionally,the persistent functional bacteria of AS,although not numerically dominant,accounted for 96.24%of the total sequences related to nutrient turnover,suggesting the presence of a small number of longstanding and core functional bacteria in the AS ecosystem.Importantly,64%of the 5188 OTUs in AS,which accounted for 91.51%of the sequences,exhibited positive growth rates,which suggested that their apparent abundances were due to growth within the plant,not from immigration.Taken together,these results demonstrated that the impact of influent populations on core AS communities was limited.Overall,this work provides quantitative insights into the impact of immigration,which is expected to advance our understanding of the AS community assembly.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the molecular mechanism of Zhizi Ganjiang Decoction(ZZGJD)regulating sleep disorders based on the network pharmacology.[Methods]The BATMAN-TCM server was used to predict the potential targets of...[Objectives]To explore the molecular mechanism of Zhizi Ganjiang Decoction(ZZGJD)regulating sleep disorders based on the network pharmacology.[Methods]The BATMAN-TCM server was used to predict the potential targets of ZZGJD and constructed a compound-disease-target network map,and the GeneCards database was used to search for insomnia-related targets;with the aid of Cytoscape 3.5.1 software,the compound-insomnia target interaction network and protein-protein interaction(PPI)network were constructed,and gene ontology(GO)enrichment,Reactome pathway enrichment,and biological pathway enrichment analysis based on KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Enomes)was performed.[Results]The constructed PPI network of ZZGJD involves 204 nodes and 645 interaction relationships.Key nodes involve G protein-coupled receptors,rhodopsin-like adrenaline receptor families,zinc finger proteins,nuclear hormone receptor superfamilies,ligand-binding domains of hormone receptors,voltage-gated calcium(Ca^(2+))channel IQ domains,and neuropituitary hormones.The related entries of GO enrichment analysis pathway mainly involve G protein-coupled receptor activity,neurotransmitter receptor activity,adrenergic receptor activity,ammonium ion binding,catecholamine binding,G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity,serotonin receptor activity,and steroid hormone receptors(SHRs)activity.Reactome pathway mainly involves amine ligand binding receptors,rhodopsin-like receptors,G protein-coupled receptor ligand binding,adrenergic receptors,neuronal systems and signal transduction,etc.KEGG channel analysis mainly involves neural activity ligand-receptor interaction,calcium ion messenger pathway,cAMP signaling pathway,serotonergic synapse,dopaminergic synapse,cGMP-PKG signaling pathway,and cholinergic synapse pathway,etc.[Conclusions]The potential targets of ZZGJD in the treatment of insomnia mainly involve G protein-coupled receptors,and regulate various neural receptor pathways such as calcium ion channels,serotonin,dopamine,and adrenergic receptors.INS,IGF-1,CTNNB1,ESR1,HIF-1A,etc.may be the key targets of ZZGJD in regulating sleep disorders,reflecting the multi-target and overall function characteristics of Chinese herbal compounds.ZZGJD is of great significance in the treatment of sleep disorders caused by blood sugar abnormality in patients with diabetes and perimenopausal hormones in women.This article is expected to It provide new ideas for in-depth study of the molecular mechanism of ZZGJD.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to optimize the ethanol extraction technology of monoester alkaloids from Radix Aconiti Preparata. [Methods]On the basis of defined extraction times,ethanol concentration,ethanol ...[Objectives] This study was conducted to optimize the ethanol extraction technology of monoester alkaloids from Radix Aconiti Preparata. [Methods]On the basis of defined extraction times,ethanol concentration,ethanol times and extraction time were investigated by HPLC-MS combined with orthogonal test to optimize extraction process using the content of monoester alkaloids( the sum of benzoyl neoaconitine,benzoyl hypoaconitine and benzoyl aconitine) as an index.[Results]The optimum ethanol extraction technology was as follows: 75% ethanol,ethanol amount 25 times of the medicinal material,and each extraction for 1. 5 h.[Conclusions] The optimal extraction technology is simple,feasible,stable and reliable. It can provide reference for the industrial production and quality control of monoester alkaloids from Radix Aconiti Preparata.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the molecular mechanism of Zhizi Ganjiang Decoction in the treatment of liver cirrhosis based on the network pharmacology.[Methods]The BATMAN-TCM server was used to predict the potential targets...[Objectives]To explore the molecular mechanism of Zhizi Ganjiang Decoction in the treatment of liver cirrhosis based on the network pharmacology.[Methods]The BATMAN-TCM server was used to predict the potential targets of Zhizi Ganjiang Decoction,and the GeneCards database searched for targets related to liver cirrhosis;Cytoscape 3.5.1 software was used to construct compound-cirrhosis target interaction network and protein interaction network;then gene ontology(GO)enrichment analysis,Reactome pathway enrichment analysis,and KEGG-based biological pathway enrichment analysis were performed.[Results]The compound-disease-target network of Zhizi Ganjiang Decoction was constructed.The PPI network of Zhizi Ganjiang Decoction targets constructed based on String contained 130 nodes and 689 interaction relationships.The key nodes mainly involved nuclear hormone receptor-like domain superfamily and ligand binding domain,serpentine type 7TM GPCR chemoreceptor and chemoreceptor Srx,rhodopsin family transmembrane receptors,zinc finger NHR/GATA type nuclear hormone receptors and ligand binding domains,PI3-kinase family p85 binding domain,phosphoinositide(PI)3-kinase catalytic domain and other categories.GO enrichment analysis pathway related entries mainly involved steroid hormone receptor activity,nuclear receptor activity,transcription factor activity,direct ligands regulation sequence-specific DNA binding,G protein-coupled amine receptor activity,steroid binding,catecholamine binding,neurotransmitter receptor activity,adrenergic receptor activity,ammonium ion binding,and oxidoreductase activity,etc.KEGG channel analysis mainly involved neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,aldosterone regulates sodium reabsorption,regulates lipolysis in adipocytes,regulates inflammatory mediators of TRP channels,tyrosine metabolism,calcium signaling pathway,cAMP signaling pathway,and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases.[Conclusions]The research results suggest that Zhizi Ganjiang Decoction regulates the process of liver cirrhosis mainly through aldosterone regulation of sodium reabsorption,regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes,regulation of inflammatory mediators of TRP channels,calcium signaling pathways,and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases.This reflects the multi-target and holistic action characteristics of the Chinese herbal compounds,and is expected to provide new ideas for further research on the molecular mechanism of Zhizi Ganjiang Decoction.展开更多
Objective:To monitor iodized salt consumption and evaluate iodine deficiency status in 2014 in China.Materials and Methods:In 2014,a nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted in 31 provinces (in this study,provi...Objective:To monitor iodized salt consumption and evaluate iodine deficiency status in 2014 in China.Materials and Methods:In 2014,a nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted in 31 provinces (in this study,provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities in China's Mainland were named as provinces).Probability proportional to size sampling method was adopted to recruit children ages 8-10 and pregnant women.47,467 children's and 18,994 pregnant women's urine samples were collected and 47,706 children's thyroid volumes were examined.Iodine content in salt was determined with 46,900 edible salt samples from children's households;urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was tested from children and pregnant women's urine samples;thyroid volume of children was assessed by ultrasound.Results:The national coverage rate of iodized salt and consumption rate of qualified iodized salt were 96.3％ and 91.5％,respectively.Median iodine content in iodized salt was 25.2 mg/kg.In 22 of 31 provinces,the provincial coverage rates of iodized salt were over 95％.And consumption rates of qualified iodized salt were more than 90％ in 21 provinces.In this study,the national median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) of children in China was 197.9 μg/L.At the provincial level,MUIC of children in 19 provinces was 100-199 μg/L,which in 12 provinces was 200-299 μg/L.The national MUIC of pregnant women in 2014 was 154.6 μg/L,slightly higher than the lower limit of the WHO criteria for adequate (150-249 μg/L).At the provincial level,MUIC of pregnant women in 18 provinces was 100-149 μg/L,which in 13 provinces was 150-249 μg/L.The national prevalence of goiter among children in 2014 was 2.6％,of which only Shandong province (5.6％) exceeded the national standard (5％).Conclusions:In China,iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) has been eliminated since 2005.And in 2014,the IDD-free status still remained.展开更多
Deep brain stimulation(DBS)is a neurosurgical procedure that allows targeted circuit-based neuromodulation;it is also a standard of care for Parkinson’s disease(PD).[1]Postoperative DBS programming is a crucial step ...Deep brain stimulation(DBS)is a neurosurgical procedure that allows targeted circuit-based neuromodulation;it is also a standard of care for Parkinson’s disease(PD).[1]Postoperative DBS programming is a crucial step that can specify the best stimulation parameters and release symptoms to promote patients’quality of life.The“Chinese Expert Consensus on Programming Deep Brain Stimulation for Patients with Parkinson’s Disease”,which was published in 2016,regulated the application of postoperative programming for PD patients.[2]However,multiple aspects limited patients’ability to attend face-to-face programming,including their mobility and the geological distance between their residences and the DBS center,which led to a higher rate of patients using remote programming with increasing frequency,making it an urgent demand.[3,4]Therefore,it is important to create a standard protocol to guide the application of this remote treatment.展开更多
Background At present,a number of indicators have been analyzed for the relationship with the efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation(VNS)in drug-resistant epilepsy(DRE)patients,but there is still no definite predictor of...Background At present,a number of indicators have been analyzed for the relationship with the efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation(VNS)in drug-resistant epilepsy(DRE)patients,but there is still no definite predictor of efficacy.This study is to assess the long-term effectiveness and predictors of VNS in DRE patients.Methods We analyzed DRE patients monitored for over a year post-surgery(2016–2019)to evaluate VNS outcomes.Logistic regression was used to identify efficacy predictors.Results Out of 162 DRE patients with VNS,99 were followed for over 12 months,80 for over 24 months,and 70 for over 36 months.At 12 months,33(33.4%)showed effectiveness,including 7(7.1%)who were seizure-free.At 24 months,32(40.0%)were effective,including 12(15.0%)who were seizure-free.At 36 months,36(51.4%)were effective,including 11(15.7%)who were seizure-free.After 5 years,27(55.1%)were effective,including 8(16.3%)who were seizure-free.Multivariate regression analysis identified structural etiology as a predictive factor for the effective VNS treatment(P=0.039,OR=0.35[0.13–0.95]).Conclusions VNS effectively controls seizures,with effectiveness and seizure-free rates improving over time.Patients with structural factors are at higher risk of ineffective VNS,suggesting epilepsy etiology may predict VNS outcomes.展开更多
Because of the low access to biodegradable organic substances used for denitrification,the partial nitrification-denitrification process has been considered as a low-cost,sustainable alternative for landfill leachate ...Because of the low access to biodegradable organic substances used for denitrification,the partial nitrification-denitrification process has been considered as a low-cost,sustainable alternative for landfill leachate treatment.In this study,the process upgrade from conventional to partial nitrificationdenitrification was comprehensively investigated in a full-scale landfill leachate treatment plant(LLTP).The partial nitrification-denitrification system was successfully achieved through the optimizing dissolved oxygen and the external carbon source,with effluent nitrogen concentrations lower than 150 mg/L.Moreover,the upgrading process facilitated the enrichment of Nitrosomonas(abundance increased from 0.4%to 3.3%),which was also evidenced by increased abundance of amoA/B/C genes carried by Nitrosomonas.Although Nitrospira(accounting for 0.1%-0.6%)was found to stably exist in the reactor tank,considerable nitrite accumulation occurred in the reactor(reaching 98.8 mg/L),indicating high-efficiency of the partial nitrification process.Moreover,the abundance of Thauera,the dominant denitrifying bacteria responsible for nitrite reduction,gradually increased from 0.60%to 5.52%during the upgrade process.This process caused great changes in the microbial community,inducing continuous succession of heterotrophic bacteria accompanied by enhanced metabolic potentials toward organic substances.The results obtained in this study advanced our understanding of the operation of a partial nitrification-denitrification system and provided a technical case for the upgrade of currently existing full-scale LLTPs.展开更多
Low-pressure membrane filtrations are considered as effective technologies for sustainable oil/water separation.However,conventional membranes usually suffer from severe pore clogging and surface fouling,and thus,nove...Low-pressure membrane filtrations are considered as effective technologies for sustainable oil/water separation.However,conventional membranes usually suffer from severe pore clogging and surface fouling,and thus,novel membranes with superior wettability and antifouling features are urgently required.Herein,we report a facile green approach for the development of an underwater superoleophobic microfiltration membrane via one-step oxidant-induced ultrafast co-deposition of naturally available catechol/chitosan on a porous polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)substrate.Membrane morphology and surface chemistry were studied using a series of characterization techniques.The as-prepared membrane retained the original pore structure due to the ultrathin and uniform catechol/chitosan coating.It exhibited ultrahigh pure water permeability and robust chemical stability under harsh pH conditions.Moreover,the catechol/chitosan hydrophilic coating on the membrane surface acting as an energetic barrier for oil droplets could minimize oil adhesion on the surface,which endowed the membrane with remarkable antifouling property and reusability in a cyclic oil-in-water(O/W)emulsion separation.The modified membrane exhibited a competitive flux of~428 L/(m^(2)·h·bar)after three filtration cycles,which was 70%higher than that of the pristine PVDF membrane.These results suggest that the novel underwatersuperoleophobic membrane can potentially be used for sustainable O/W emulsions separation,and the proposed green facile modification approach can also be applied to other water-remediation materials considering its low cost and simplicity.展开更多
Biogenic particles discharged by wastewater treatment plants play important roles in receiving water because of the large specific surface area and good mobility of the particles. In this study, the changes induced in...Biogenic particles discharged by wastewater treatment plants play important roles in receiving water because of the large specific surface area and good mobility of the particles. In this study, the changes induced in biogenic particles by natural sunlight were investigated to understand the phototransformation of the particles in the receiving waters. The results showed that photoexposure resulted in significant decreases in the sizes of the biogenic particles but that photoexposure did not impact the zeta potentials. In addition, the photodissolution of biogenic particulate organic matter(POM) led to the generation of biogenic dissolved organic matter(DOM). Characterization using excitation–emission matrix(EEM) spectroscopy showed that photoexposure changed both the shapes and the intensities of the EEM spectra of the biogenic POM; the regions of the T1 and T2 peaks were susceptible to photoexposure. Modeling by parallel factor analysis(PARAFAC) decomposed the EEMs of the biogenic POM into four valid components, i.e., terrestrial or microbial humic-like substances, tryptophan-like proteins, tyrosinelike proteins and hydrophobic proteins. The humic-like substances in the biogenic POM from the effluents were subject to lower decreases(17.0 % and 11.6 %).Throughout the entire incubation time, the PARAFAC components in the biogenic DOM were dominated by elimination mechanisms rather than by production through photodissolution of the biogenic POM.展开更多
Understanding the structures and dynamics of bacterial communities in activated sludge(AS)in full-scale wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)is of both engineering and ecological significance.Previous investigations have...Understanding the structures and dynamics of bacterial communities in activated sludge(AS)in full-scale wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)is of both engineering and ecological significance.Previous investigations have mainly focused on the AS communities of WWTP aeration tanks,and the differences and interactions between the communities in anaerobic and anoxic tanks of the AS system remain poorly understood.Here,we investigated the structures of bacterial communities and their inter-connections in three tanks(anaerobic,anoxic,and aerobic)and influent from a full-scale WWTP with conventional anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic(A/A/O)process over a year to explore their functionality and network differentiation.High-throughput sequencing showed that community compositions did not differ appreciably between the different tanks,likely due to the continuous sludge community interchange between tanks.However,network analysis showed significant differences in inter-species relationships,OTU topological roles,and keystone populations in the different AS communities.Moreover,the anoxic network is expected to be more unstable and easily affected by environmental disturbance.Tank-associated environmental factors,including dissolved oxygen,pH,and nutrients,were found to affect the relative abundance of functional genera(i.e.,AOB,NOB,PAOs,and denitrifiers),suggesting that these groups were more susceptible to environmental variables than other bacteria.Therefore,this work could assist in improving our understanding of tank-associated microbial ecology,particularly the response of functional bacteria to seasonal variations in WWTPs employing A/A/O process.展开更多
12-pulse rectifier is extensively used in high power rectification, and the delta-connected autotransformer and wye-connected autotransformer are its two most popular phase-shift transformers. This paper compares the ...12-pulse rectifier is extensively used in high power rectification, and the delta-connected autotransformer and wye-connected autotransformer are its two most popular phase-shift transformers. This paper compares the 12-pulse rectifiers using the two transformers via calculating the input line current, load voltage, kVA ratings of the two autotransformer, kVA ratings of the auxiliary magnetic devices. From the viewpoint of power quality of AC mains and DC side, the two 12-pulse rectifiers are the same. The kVA rating of the IPR in the two 12-pulse rectifiers are equal, and the kVA rating of the ZSBT in the two 12-pulse rectifier are also equal to each other, under the same load power. However, the kVA of the deltaconnected autotransformer is less than that of the wyeconnected autotransformer under the same load power.Some experimental results are shown to validate the correctness of the theoretical analysis.展开更多
Basic Information about Iodine Deficiency Disorders Iodine is an essential micronutrient for the human body and an important raw material for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.Thyroid hormones maintain the basic activ...Basic Information about Iodine Deficiency Disorders Iodine is an essential micronutrient for the human body and an important raw material for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.Thyroid hormones maintain the basic activities of the body and have different effects on almost all systems of the body by promoting growth and development,participating in brain development,regulating metabolism,and impacting most organs and system functions.展开更多
The increasing application of anammox processes suggests their enormous potential for nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment facilities.However,the functional potentials and ecological differentiation of cooccurring...The increasing application of anammox processes suggests their enormous potential for nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment facilities.However,the functional potentials and ecological differentiation of cooccurring anammox species in complex ecosystems have not been well elucidated.Herein,by utilizing functional reconstruction and comparative genome analysis,we deciphered the cooccurring mechanisms of four Candidatus Brocadia species that were spontaneously enriched in a full-scale swine wastewater treatment system.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that species SW172 and SW745 were closely related to Ca.Brocadia caroliniensis and Ca.Brocadia sapporoensis,respectively,whereas the dominant species SW510 and SW773,with a total average abundance of 34.1%,were classified as novel species of the genus Ca.Brocadia.Functional reconstruction revealed that the novel species SW510 can encode both cytochrome cd1-type nitrite reductase and hydroxylamine oxidase for nitrite reduction.In contrast,the detected respiratory pentaheme cytochrome c nitrite reductase and acetate kinase genes suggested that SW773 likely reduced nitrite to ammonium with acetate as a carbon source.Intriguingly,the presence of genes encoding urease and cyanase indicated that both novel species can use diverse organic nitrogen compounds in addition to ammonia and nitrite as substrates.Taken together,the recovery and comparative analysis of these anammox genomes expand our understanding of the functional differentiation and cooccurrence of the genus Ca.Brocadia in wastewater treatment systems.展开更多
In this study,a combined system consisting of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor(AnMBR)and flow-through biofilm reactor/CANON(FTBR/CANON)was developed to simultaneously remove carbon and nitrogen from synthetic livestoc...In this study,a combined system consisting of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor(AnMBR)and flow-through biofilm reactor/CANON(FTBR/CANON)was developed to simultaneously remove carbon and nitrogen from synthetic livestock wastewater.The average removal efficiencies of total nitrogen(TN)were 64.2 and 76.4%with influent ammonium(NH4+-N)concentrations of approximately 200 and 500 mg/L,respectively.The COD removal efficiencies were higher than 98.0%during the entire operation.Mass balance analysis showed that COD and TN were mainly removed by the AnMBR and FTBR/CANON,respectively.The anammox process was the main nitrogen removal pathway in the combined system,with a contribution of over 80%.High functional bacterial activity was observed in the combined system.Particularly,an increase in the NH4+-N concentration considerably improved the anammox activity of the biofilm in the FTBR/CANON.16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing revealed that Methanosaeta,Candidatus Methanofastidiosum,and Methanobacterium were the dominant methanogens in the AnMBR granular sludge.In the CANON biofilm,Nitrosomonas and Candidatus Kuenenia were identified as aerobic and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria,respectively.In summary,this study proposes a combined AnMBR and FTBR/CANON process targeting COD and nitrogen removal,and provides a potential alternative for treating high-strength wastewater.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22072185,12072381)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021A1515110221)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yatsen University(No.23yxqntd002)。
文摘Membrane distillation(MD)has gained extensive attention for treating highly saline wastewater.However,membrane scaling during the MD process has hindered the rapid development of this technology.Current approaches to mitigate scaling in membrane distillation focus primarily on achieving enhanced hydrophobicity and even superhydrophobicity via utilizing fluorinated fibrous membrane or introducing perfluorosilane modification.Considering the environmental hazards posed by fluorinated compounds,it is highly desirable to develop non-fluorinated membranes with enhanced anti-scaling properties for effective membrane distillation.In this study,we present a non-fluorinated liquid-like MD membrane with exceptional anti-scaling performance.This membrane was facilely fabricated by grafting linear polydimethylsiloxane(LPDMS)onto a hydrophilic polyether sulfone(PES)membrane pre-coated with the intermediate layers of polydopamine and silica(denoted as LPDMS-PES).Remarkably,LPDMS-PES manifested a drastically improved scaling resistance in continuous MD tests than its perfluorinated counterpart,i.e.,1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane-modified PES membrane(PFOS-PES),in both heterogeneous nucleation-dominated and crystal deposition-dominated scaling processes,despite the latter having a smaller surface energy.LPDMS-PES demonstrated a reduction of crystal accumulation of approximately 85%for Na Cl and 73%for Ca SO_(4) in the heterogeneous nucleation-dominated scaling process compared to PFOS-PES.Additionally,in the crystal deposition-dominated scaling process LPDMS-PES exhibited a reduction of about 70%in scale accumulation.These results explicitly evidenced the great potential of the liquid-like membrane to minimize scaling in membrane distillation by inhibiting both scale nucleation and adhesion onto the membrane.We believe the findings of this study have important implications for the design of high-performance MD membranes,particularly in the quest for environmentally sustainable alternatives to perfluorinated materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52000185 and 51878675)Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(2019JZZY020308)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,China(2017M612807)。
文摘Nitrogen removal is a critical process in water treatment plants(WIPs)and wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs).The recent discovery of a novel bacterial process,complete ammonia oxidation(comammox,CMX),has refuted a century-long perception of the two-step conversion of NH3to NO3-.Compared with canonical nitrifiers,CMX bacteria offer undeniable advantages,such as a high growth yield propensity and adaptability to nutrient-and growth-limiting conditions,which collectively draw attention to validate the aptness of CMX bacteria to wastewater treatment.As there has been no comprehensive review on the relevance of CMX bacteria for sustainable water and wastewater treatment,this review is intended to discuss the roles and applications of CMX in the removal of nitrogen and pollutants from water and wastewater.We took into account insights into the metabolic versatilities of CMX bacteria at the clade and subclade levels.We focused on the distribution of CMX bacteria in engineered systems,niche differentiation,co-occurrence and interactions with cano nical nitrifiers for a better understanding of CMX bacteria in terms of their ecophysiology.Conceptualized details on the reactor adaptability and stress response of CMX bacteria are provided.The potential of CMX bacteria to degrade micropollutants either directly or co-metabolically was evaluated,and these insights would be an indispensable advantage in opening the doors for wider applications of CMX bacteria in WWTPs.Finally,we summarized future directions of research that are imperative in improving the understanding of CMX biology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51478487)
文摘Effluent organic matter（Ef OM） from municipal wastewater treatment plants potentially has a detrimental effect on both aquatic organisms and humans.This study evaluated the removal and transformation of chromophoric dissolved organic matter（CDOM） and fluorescent dissolved organic matter（FDOM） in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant under different seasons.The results showed that bio-treatment was found to be more efficient in removing bulk DOM（in term of dissolved organic carbon,DOC） than CDOM and FDOM,which was contrary to the disinfection process.CDOM and FDOM were selectively removed at various stages during the treatment.Typically,the low molecular weight fractions of CDOM and protein-like FDOM were more efficiently removed during bio-treatment process,whereas the humic-like FDOM exhibited comparable decreases in both bio-treatment and disinfection processes.Overall,the performance of the WWTP was weak in terms of CDOM and FDOM removal,resulting in enrichment of CDOM and FDOM in effluent.Moreover,the total removal of the bulk DOM（P 〈 0.05） and the protein-like FDOM（P 〈 0.05） displayed a significant seasonal variation,with higher removal efficiencies in summer,whereas removal of CDOM and the humic-like FDOM showed little differences between summer and winter.In all,the results provide useful information for understanding the fate and transformation of DOM,illustrating that sub-fractions of DOM could be selectively removed depending on treatment processes and seasonality.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation(31271647,31601245)Jilin Natural Science Foundation(20150101100JC)+1 种基金Key Scientific Achievement Conversion Project of Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology(20150307026NY)Key National Research and Development Program(2017YFD0201804-9)
文摘We took the iron-efficient and iron-inefficient soybean varieties with significant differences in iron efficiency as the test materials,in order to ascertain the relationship between the low iron stress and the iron efficiency of soybean varieties.The results showed that through the principal component analysis,it was found that the contribution rate of the shoot light energy absorption factor and root morphological factor was the highest,reaching 41.0% and 67.2%,respectively.According to the eigenvector with high absolute value for the two factors,it was found that improving photosynthesis and root surface area could help to improve the ability of soybean to resist low iron.From the dynamic simulation results of Logistic equation,both V and Vmof the shoot and root of iron-efficient varieties were higher than those of iron-inefficient varieties;the low iron treatment postponed the time of the root of iron-inefficient varieties to reach Vm,while the iron-efficient varieties were resistant to the damage caused by the low iron to growth by improving root V.However,when the iron concentration was 0 mM,regardless of iron-efficient varieties or iron-inefficient varieties,the shoot V,Vmand △t were all low,indicating that the division of different iron efficiency varieties was relative,not absolute,and the ability of plant to resist stress was not only determined by its own characteristics,but also closely related to the degree of stress.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51622813,51608546,and 51478487)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2014A030306002)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M662839)。
文摘Microbial immigrants arriving with influent wastewater may influence activated sludge(AS)ecosystems.However,the extent to which immigration impacts AS communities is still debated.To explore the intensity of immigration impact,we used sequencing technology to track the raw wastewater and AS communities from a membrane bioreactor plant over a 12-month period.We first distinguished core populations from peripheral ones in both raw wastewater and AS based on their occurrence frequency and abundance.The results showed that core OTUs(≥80%occurrence frequency)made up a large fraction(>90%)of total sequences,while peripheral OTUs composed the majority of all detected OTUs but merely occupied a few sequences.A significant difference in core communities between the influent and AS was found,as well as between the compositions of core and peripheral populations.Additionally,the persistent functional bacteria of AS,although not numerically dominant,accounted for 96.24%of the total sequences related to nutrient turnover,suggesting the presence of a small number of longstanding and core functional bacteria in the AS ecosystem.Importantly,64%of the 5188 OTUs in AS,which accounted for 91.51%of the sequences,exhibited positive growth rates,which suggested that their apparent abundances were due to growth within the plant,not from immigration.Taken together,these results demonstrated that the impact of influent populations on core AS communities was limited.Overall,this work provides quantitative insights into the impact of immigration,which is expected to advance our understanding of the AS community assembly.
文摘[Objectives]To explore the molecular mechanism of Zhizi Ganjiang Decoction(ZZGJD)regulating sleep disorders based on the network pharmacology.[Methods]The BATMAN-TCM server was used to predict the potential targets of ZZGJD and constructed a compound-disease-target network map,and the GeneCards database was used to search for insomnia-related targets;with the aid of Cytoscape 3.5.1 software,the compound-insomnia target interaction network and protein-protein interaction(PPI)network were constructed,and gene ontology(GO)enrichment,Reactome pathway enrichment,and biological pathway enrichment analysis based on KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Enomes)was performed.[Results]The constructed PPI network of ZZGJD involves 204 nodes and 645 interaction relationships.Key nodes involve G protein-coupled receptors,rhodopsin-like adrenaline receptor families,zinc finger proteins,nuclear hormone receptor superfamilies,ligand-binding domains of hormone receptors,voltage-gated calcium(Ca^(2+))channel IQ domains,and neuropituitary hormones.The related entries of GO enrichment analysis pathway mainly involve G protein-coupled receptor activity,neurotransmitter receptor activity,adrenergic receptor activity,ammonium ion binding,catecholamine binding,G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity,serotonin receptor activity,and steroid hormone receptors(SHRs)activity.Reactome pathway mainly involves amine ligand binding receptors,rhodopsin-like receptors,G protein-coupled receptor ligand binding,adrenergic receptors,neuronal systems and signal transduction,etc.KEGG channel analysis mainly involves neural activity ligand-receptor interaction,calcium ion messenger pathway,cAMP signaling pathway,serotonergic synapse,dopaminergic synapse,cGMP-PKG signaling pathway,and cholinergic synapse pathway,etc.[Conclusions]The potential targets of ZZGJD in the treatment of insomnia mainly involve G protein-coupled receptors,and regulate various neural receptor pathways such as calcium ion channels,serotonin,dopamine,and adrenergic receptors.INS,IGF-1,CTNNB1,ESR1,HIF-1A,etc.may be the key targets of ZZGJD in regulating sleep disorders,reflecting the multi-target and overall function characteristics of Chinese herbal compounds.ZZGJD is of great significance in the treatment of sleep disorders caused by blood sugar abnormality in patients with diabetes and perimenopausal hormones in women.This article is expected to It provide new ideas for in-depth study of the molecular mechanism of ZZGJD.
基金Supported by Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Development Program of Shandong Province (2017-1982019-0400)Major Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Province (2018CXGC1304)。
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to optimize the ethanol extraction technology of monoester alkaloids from Radix Aconiti Preparata. [Methods]On the basis of defined extraction times,ethanol concentration,ethanol times and extraction time were investigated by HPLC-MS combined with orthogonal test to optimize extraction process using the content of monoester alkaloids( the sum of benzoyl neoaconitine,benzoyl hypoaconitine and benzoyl aconitine) as an index.[Results]The optimum ethanol extraction technology was as follows: 75% ethanol,ethanol amount 25 times of the medicinal material,and each extraction for 1. 5 h.[Conclusions] The optimal extraction technology is simple,feasible,stable and reliable. It can provide reference for the industrial production and quality control of monoester alkaloids from Radix Aconiti Preparata.
文摘[Objectives]To explore the molecular mechanism of Zhizi Ganjiang Decoction in the treatment of liver cirrhosis based on the network pharmacology.[Methods]The BATMAN-TCM server was used to predict the potential targets of Zhizi Ganjiang Decoction,and the GeneCards database searched for targets related to liver cirrhosis;Cytoscape 3.5.1 software was used to construct compound-cirrhosis target interaction network and protein interaction network;then gene ontology(GO)enrichment analysis,Reactome pathway enrichment analysis,and KEGG-based biological pathway enrichment analysis were performed.[Results]The compound-disease-target network of Zhizi Ganjiang Decoction was constructed.The PPI network of Zhizi Ganjiang Decoction targets constructed based on String contained 130 nodes and 689 interaction relationships.The key nodes mainly involved nuclear hormone receptor-like domain superfamily and ligand binding domain,serpentine type 7TM GPCR chemoreceptor and chemoreceptor Srx,rhodopsin family transmembrane receptors,zinc finger NHR/GATA type nuclear hormone receptors and ligand binding domains,PI3-kinase family p85 binding domain,phosphoinositide(PI)3-kinase catalytic domain and other categories.GO enrichment analysis pathway related entries mainly involved steroid hormone receptor activity,nuclear receptor activity,transcription factor activity,direct ligands regulation sequence-specific DNA binding,G protein-coupled amine receptor activity,steroid binding,catecholamine binding,neurotransmitter receptor activity,adrenergic receptor activity,ammonium ion binding,and oxidoreductase activity,etc.KEGG channel analysis mainly involved neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,aldosterone regulates sodium reabsorption,regulates lipolysis in adipocytes,regulates inflammatory mediators of TRP channels,tyrosine metabolism,calcium signaling pathway,cAMP signaling pathway,and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases.[Conclusions]The research results suggest that Zhizi Ganjiang Decoction regulates the process of liver cirrhosis mainly through aldosterone regulation of sodium reabsorption,regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes,regulation of inflammatory mediators of TRP channels,calcium signaling pathways,and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases.This reflects the multi-target and holistic action characteristics of the Chinese herbal compounds,and is expected to provide new ideas for further research on the molecular mechanism of Zhizi Ganjiang Decoction.
文摘Objective:To monitor iodized salt consumption and evaluate iodine deficiency status in 2014 in China.Materials and Methods:In 2014,a nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted in 31 provinces (in this study,provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities in China's Mainland were named as provinces).Probability proportional to size sampling method was adopted to recruit children ages 8-10 and pregnant women.47,467 children's and 18,994 pregnant women's urine samples were collected and 47,706 children's thyroid volumes were examined.Iodine content in salt was determined with 46,900 edible salt samples from children's households;urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was tested from children and pregnant women's urine samples;thyroid volume of children was assessed by ultrasound.Results:The national coverage rate of iodized salt and consumption rate of qualified iodized salt were 96.3％ and 91.5％,respectively.Median iodine content in iodized salt was 25.2 mg/kg.In 22 of 31 provinces,the provincial coverage rates of iodized salt were over 95％.And consumption rates of qualified iodized salt were more than 90％ in 21 provinces.In this study,the national median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) of children in China was 197.9 μg/L.At the provincial level,MUIC of children in 19 provinces was 100-199 μg/L,which in 12 provinces was 200-299 μg/L.The national MUIC of pregnant women in 2014 was 154.6 μg/L,slightly higher than the lower limit of the WHO criteria for adequate (150-249 μg/L).At the provincial level,MUIC of pregnant women in 18 provinces was 100-149 μg/L,which in 13 provinces was 150-249 μg/L.The national prevalence of goiter among children in 2014 was 2.6％,of which only Shandong province (5.6％) exceeded the national standard (5％).Conclusions:In China,iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) has been eliminated since 2005.And in 2014,the IDD-free status still remained.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFC2405100 and 2021YFC2401200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81830033)+1 种基金Key R&D Program of Jiangsu Science and Technology Project(No.BE2022049)Key Research and Development Program of Henan Province(No.241111310100)
文摘Deep brain stimulation(DBS)is a neurosurgical procedure that allows targeted circuit-based neuromodulation;it is also a standard of care for Parkinson’s disease(PD).[1]Postoperative DBS programming is a crucial step that can specify the best stimulation parameters and release symptoms to promote patients’quality of life.The“Chinese Expert Consensus on Programming Deep Brain Stimulation for Patients with Parkinson’s Disease”,which was published in 2016,regulated the application of postoperative programming for PD patients.[2]However,multiple aspects limited patients’ability to attend face-to-face programming,including their mobility and the geological distance between their residences and the DBS center,which led to a higher rate of patients using remote programming with increasing frequency,making it an urgent demand.[3,4]Therefore,it is important to create a standard protocol to guide the application of this remote treatment.
基金supported by the project of National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC2401201).
文摘Background At present,a number of indicators have been analyzed for the relationship with the efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation(VNS)in drug-resistant epilepsy(DRE)patients,but there is still no definite predictor of efficacy.This study is to assess the long-term effectiveness and predictors of VNS in DRE patients.Methods We analyzed DRE patients monitored for over a year post-surgery(2016–2019)to evaluate VNS outcomes.Logistic regression was used to identify efficacy predictors.Results Out of 162 DRE patients with VNS,99 were followed for over 12 months,80 for over 24 months,and 70 for over 36 months.At 12 months,33(33.4%)showed effectiveness,including 7(7.1%)who were seizure-free.At 24 months,32(40.0%)were effective,including 12(15.0%)who were seizure-free.At 36 months,36(51.4%)were effective,including 11(15.7%)who were seizure-free.After 5 years,27(55.1%)were effective,including 8(16.3%)who were seizure-free.Multivariate regression analysis identified structural etiology as a predictive factor for the effective VNS treatment(P=0.039,OR=0.35[0.13–0.95]).Conclusions VNS effectively controls seizures,with effectiveness and seizure-free rates improving over time.Patients with structural factors are at higher risk of ineffective VNS,suggesting epilepsy etiology may predict VNS outcomes.
基金We acknowledge the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFE0114300)Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation Strategy of Guangdong Province(No.2018B020202)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2018A030310246)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21607177,51622813 and 51808564)for financially supporting this study.
文摘Because of the low access to biodegradable organic substances used for denitrification,the partial nitrification-denitrification process has been considered as a low-cost,sustainable alternative for landfill leachate treatment.In this study,the process upgrade from conventional to partial nitrificationdenitrification was comprehensively investigated in a full-scale landfill leachate treatment plant(LLTP).The partial nitrification-denitrification system was successfully achieved through the optimizing dissolved oxygen and the external carbon source,with effluent nitrogen concentrations lower than 150 mg/L.Moreover,the upgrading process facilitated the enrichment of Nitrosomonas(abundance increased from 0.4%to 3.3%),which was also evidenced by increased abundance of amoA/B/C genes carried by Nitrosomonas.Although Nitrospira(accounting for 0.1%-0.6%)was found to stably exist in the reactor tank,considerable nitrite accumulation occurred in the reactor(reaching 98.8 mg/L),indicating high-efficiency of the partial nitrification process.Moreover,the abundance of Thauera,the dominant denitrifying bacteria responsible for nitrite reduction,gradually increased from 0.60%to 5.52%during the upgrade process.This process caused great changes in the microbial community,inducing continuous succession of heterotrophic bacteria accompanied by enhanced metabolic potentials toward organic substances.The results obtained in this study advanced our understanding of the operation of a partial nitrification-denitrification system and provided a technical case for the upgrade of currently existing full-scale LLTPs.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51808564 and 51878675)the State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes(Tiangong University,Grant No.M1-201803)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFE0114300).The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
文摘Low-pressure membrane filtrations are considered as effective technologies for sustainable oil/water separation.However,conventional membranes usually suffer from severe pore clogging and surface fouling,and thus,novel membranes with superior wettability and antifouling features are urgently required.Herein,we report a facile green approach for the development of an underwater superoleophobic microfiltration membrane via one-step oxidant-induced ultrafast co-deposition of naturally available catechol/chitosan on a porous polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)substrate.Membrane morphology and surface chemistry were studied using a series of characterization techniques.The as-prepared membrane retained the original pore structure due to the ultrathin and uniform catechol/chitosan coating.It exhibited ultrahigh pure water permeability and robust chemical stability under harsh pH conditions.Moreover,the catechol/chitosan hydrophilic coating on the membrane surface acting as an energetic barrier for oil droplets could minimize oil adhesion on the surface,which endowed the membrane with remarkable antifouling property and reusability in a cyclic oil-in-water(O/W)emulsion separation.The modified membrane exhibited a competitive flux of~428 L/(m^(2)·h·bar)after three filtration cycles,which was 70%higher than that of the pristine PVDF membrane.These results suggest that the novel underwatersuperoleophobic membrane can potentially be used for sustainable O/W emulsions separation,and the proposed green facile modification approach can also be applied to other water-remediation materials considering its low cost and simplicity.
基金supported by the New Century Excellent Talents in University from the Ministry of Education of China (NCET-11-0537)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (12lgpy52)
文摘Biogenic particles discharged by wastewater treatment plants play important roles in receiving water because of the large specific surface area and good mobility of the particles. In this study, the changes induced in biogenic particles by natural sunlight were investigated to understand the phototransformation of the particles in the receiving waters. The results showed that photoexposure resulted in significant decreases in the sizes of the biogenic particles but that photoexposure did not impact the zeta potentials. In addition, the photodissolution of biogenic particulate organic matter(POM) led to the generation of biogenic dissolved organic matter(DOM). Characterization using excitation–emission matrix(EEM) spectroscopy showed that photoexposure changed both the shapes and the intensities of the EEM spectra of the biogenic POM; the regions of the T1 and T2 peaks were susceptible to photoexposure. Modeling by parallel factor analysis(PARAFAC) decomposed the EEMs of the biogenic POM into four valid components, i.e., terrestrial or microbial humic-like substances, tryptophan-like proteins, tyrosinelike proteins and hydrophobic proteins. The humic-like substances in the biogenic POM from the effluents were subject to lower decreases(17.0 % and 11.6 %).Throughout the entire incubation time, the PARAFAC components in the biogenic DOM were dominated by elimination mechanisms rather than by production through photodissolution of the biogenic POM.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFE0114300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32161143031,51622813 and 51878675).
文摘Understanding the structures and dynamics of bacterial communities in activated sludge(AS)in full-scale wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)is of both engineering and ecological significance.Previous investigations have mainly focused on the AS communities of WWTP aeration tanks,and the differences and interactions between the communities in anaerobic and anoxic tanks of the AS system remain poorly understood.Here,we investigated the structures of bacterial communities and their inter-connections in three tanks(anaerobic,anoxic,and aerobic)and influent from a full-scale WWTP with conventional anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic(A/A/O)process over a year to explore their functionality and network differentiation.High-throughput sequencing showed that community compositions did not differ appreciably between the different tanks,likely due to the continuous sludge community interchange between tanks.However,network analysis showed significant differences in inter-species relationships,OTU topological roles,and keystone populations in the different AS communities.Moreover,the anoxic network is expected to be more unstable and easily affected by environmental disturbance.Tank-associated environmental factors,including dissolved oxygen,pH,and nutrients,were found to affect the relative abundance of functional genera(i.e.,AOB,NOB,PAOs,and denitrifiers),suggesting that these groups were more susceptible to environmental variables than other bacteria.Therefore,this work could assist in improving our understanding of tank-associated microbial ecology,particularly the response of functional bacteria to seasonal variations in WWTPs employing A/A/O process.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51307034)in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2013EEQ002)
文摘12-pulse rectifier is extensively used in high power rectification, and the delta-connected autotransformer and wye-connected autotransformer are its two most popular phase-shift transformers. This paper compares the 12-pulse rectifiers using the two transformers via calculating the input line current, load voltage, kVA ratings of the two autotransformer, kVA ratings of the auxiliary magnetic devices. From the viewpoint of power quality of AC mains and DC side, the two 12-pulse rectifiers are the same. The kVA rating of the IPR in the two 12-pulse rectifiers are equal, and the kVA rating of the ZSBT in the two 12-pulse rectifier are also equal to each other, under the same load power. However, the kVA of the deltaconnected autotransformer is less than that of the wyeconnected autotransformer under the same load power.Some experimental results are shown to validate the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
文摘Basic Information about Iodine Deficiency Disorders Iodine is an essential micronutrient for the human body and an important raw material for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.Thyroid hormones maintain the basic activities of the body and have different effects on almost all systems of the body by promoting growth and development,participating in brain development,regulating metabolism,and impacting most organs and system functions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52000185,51878675,and 51622813)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2021A1515010512)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University(No.2021qntd07).
文摘The increasing application of anammox processes suggests their enormous potential for nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment facilities.However,the functional potentials and ecological differentiation of cooccurring anammox species in complex ecosystems have not been well elucidated.Herein,by utilizing functional reconstruction and comparative genome analysis,we deciphered the cooccurring mechanisms of four Candidatus Brocadia species that were spontaneously enriched in a full-scale swine wastewater treatment system.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that species SW172 and SW745 were closely related to Ca.Brocadia caroliniensis and Ca.Brocadia sapporoensis,respectively,whereas the dominant species SW510 and SW773,with a total average abundance of 34.1%,were classified as novel species of the genus Ca.Brocadia.Functional reconstruction revealed that the novel species SW510 can encode both cytochrome cd1-type nitrite reductase and hydroxylamine oxidase for nitrite reduction.In contrast,the detected respiratory pentaheme cytochrome c nitrite reductase and acetate kinase genes suggested that SW773 likely reduced nitrite to ammonium with acetate as a carbon source.Intriguingly,the presence of genes encoding urease and cyanase indicated that both novel species can use diverse organic nitrogen compounds in addition to ammonia and nitrite as substrates.Taken together,the recovery and comparative analysis of these anammox genomes expand our understanding of the functional differentiation and cooccurrence of the genus Ca.Brocadia in wastewater treatment systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.32161143031,22376228 and 52200081)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Sun Yat-sen University,23lgzy005).
文摘In this study,a combined system consisting of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor(AnMBR)and flow-through biofilm reactor/CANON(FTBR/CANON)was developed to simultaneously remove carbon and nitrogen from synthetic livestock wastewater.The average removal efficiencies of total nitrogen(TN)were 64.2 and 76.4%with influent ammonium(NH4+-N)concentrations of approximately 200 and 500 mg/L,respectively.The COD removal efficiencies were higher than 98.0%during the entire operation.Mass balance analysis showed that COD and TN were mainly removed by the AnMBR and FTBR/CANON,respectively.The anammox process was the main nitrogen removal pathway in the combined system,with a contribution of over 80%.High functional bacterial activity was observed in the combined system.Particularly,an increase in the NH4+-N concentration considerably improved the anammox activity of the biofilm in the FTBR/CANON.16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing revealed that Methanosaeta,Candidatus Methanofastidiosum,and Methanobacterium were the dominant methanogens in the AnMBR granular sludge.In the CANON biofilm,Nitrosomonas and Candidatus Kuenenia were identified as aerobic and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria,respectively.In summary,this study proposes a combined AnMBR and FTBR/CANON process targeting COD and nitrogen removal,and provides a potential alternative for treating high-strength wastewater.
