Background:Corchorus olitorius L.(Malvaceae)is a green leafy vegetable widely consumed in the Middle East and valued for its rich nutritional content.Its essential oils,an important class of secondary metabolites,are ...Background:Corchorus olitorius L.(Malvaceae)is a green leafy vegetable widely consumed in the Middle East and valued for its rich nutritional content.Its essential oils,an important class of secondary metabolites,are of growing interest for potential use in cosmetics and fragrance industries due to their bioactive properties.Methods:Leaves of C.olitorius cultivated in Egypt were extracted using microwave-assisted hydrodistillation(MAHD)and conventional hydrodistillation(HD).The oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)to characterize their chemical profiles.In vitro assays were conducted to evaluate their anti-elastase and anti-collagenase activities,and in silico studies were performed to predict the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of major constituents.Results:GC-MS analysis showed that aldehydes,alkanes,fatty alcohols,fatty acids,and their derivatives were the predominant compound classes in both oils.Notably,oxygenated diterpenes(11.22%)were present exclusively in the MAHD oil,while triterpenoids(16.37%)were found only in the HD oil.The MAHD oil demonstrated stronger In vitro anti-elastase(IC_(50)=42.5μg/mL)and anti-collagenase(IC_(50)=131.5μg/mL)activities compared to the HD oil(IC_(50)=66.7 and 206.8μg/mL,respectively),reflecting an approximate 36.3%improvement in elastase inhibition and 36.4%improvement in collagenase inhibition.In silico docking indicated that the triterpenoidβ-amyrin acetate showed the highest predicted binding affinity for porcine pancreatic elastase(PDB ID:6QEO,ΔG=−8.1 kcal/mol)and collagenase(PDB ID:456C,ΔG=−9.1 kcal/mol)among the major compounds analyzed.Conclusion:These findings demonstrate that MAHD is a greener and more efficient extraction method,yielding oil with enhanced enzyme inhibitory activity compared to conventional HD.The promising anti-elastase and anti-collagenase properties suggest that C.olitorius MAHD oil could serve as a potential candidate for anti-aging cosmetic formulations,following further validation.展开更多
Cordyceps is treasured entomopathogenic fungi that have been used as antitumor,immunomodulating,antioxidant,and pro-sexual agent.Cordyceps,also called DongChongXiaCao in Chinese,Yartsa Gunbu(Tibetan),means winter worm...Cordyceps is treasured entomopathogenic fungi that have been used as antitumor,immunomodulating,antioxidant,and pro-sexual agent.Cordyceps,also called DongChongXiaCao in Chinese,Yartsa Gunbu(Tibetan),means winter worm-summer grass.Natural Cordyceps sinensis with parasitic hosts is difficult to be collected and the recent findings on its potential pharmacological functions,resulted in skyrocketing prices.Therefore,finding a mass-production method or an alternative for C.sinensis products is a top-priority task.In this review,we describe current status of Cordyceps research and its recent developments in Taiwan.The content and pharmacological activities of four major industrial species of Cordyceps(C.sinensis,Cordyceps militaris,Cordyceps cicadae and Cordyceps sobolifera)used in Taiwan,were reviewed.Moreover,we highlighted the effect of using different methods of fermentation and production on the morphology and chemical content of Cordyceps sp.Finally,we summarized the bottle-necks and challenges facing Cordyceps research as well as we proposed future road map for Cordyceps industry in Taiwan.展开更多
This study generated two fused protoplasts of Antrodia cinnamomea and Cordyceps militaris in two ways.The protoplasts of A.cinnamomea were inactivated by heat to inactivate biochemical processes and enzymatic activiti...This study generated two fused protoplasts of Antrodia cinnamomea and Cordyceps militaris in two ways.The protoplasts of A.cinnamomea were inactivated by heat to inactivate biochemical processes and enzymatic activities in the cytoplasm,and the protoplasts of C.militaris were inactivated by UV radiation to invalidate their genome function,then they were fused under optimal conditions to get a fusion rate as(7.42±0.8)×10^(-6) fusants/mL;the new fusants were abbreviated as Ac-Cm.On the other hand,when A.cinnamomea and C.militaris were treated with heat and UV oppositely using similar experiments,the fusion rate was(9.70±0.68)×10^(-5) fusants/mL,and the new fusants were abbreviated as Cm-Ac.We selected each of two best-growing fused colonies Ac-Cm-1,Ac-Cm-2,Cm-Ac-1,and Cm-Ac-2,together with parental A.cinnamomea and C.militaris,and studied their morphology,growth antagonism tests,and genetic relationships by 18 S rRNA sequencing.In comparison with the initial cultures of 4 fusants,the yields of adenosine,biomass,cordycepic acid,cordycepin,total polysaccharide,and total triterpenoids were increased up 1.305-50.1563 times in the optimal medium conditions.For gene stability tests,those of the four fusants and their outputs were stabilized within 10 generations.展开更多
Fungal endophytes offer structurally diverse and unique secondary metabolites with interesting biological activities.Several reports have shown the potential of fungal endophytes as sources ofα-glucosidase inhibitors...Fungal endophytes offer structurally diverse and unique secondary metabolites with interesting biological activities.Several reports have shown the potential of fungal endophytes as sources ofα-glucosidase inhibitors to alleviate diabetes.In this study,the fungal endophyte Annulohypoxylon stygium(Xylariales,Ascomycota)was identified for the first time from the leaves of the endemic tropical plant,Pandanus simplex Merr.Crude extract was obtained by fermenting the fungal endophyte in Potato Dextrose Broth for 30 days at room temperature.The A.stygium crude extract exhibited good inhibition to theα-glucosidase enzyme with an IC_(50) of 31.88±2.86μg/mL.Purification of the crude extract afforded 8-methoxynaphthol with an IC_(50) value of 676.3±1.03μg/mL.The isolation of 8-methoxynaphthol from A.stygium is reported herein for the first time.This study highlights the ability of A.stygium to produce metabolites that may be useful as antidiabetic drugs.展开更多
High-quality data are the foundation to monitor the progress and evaluate the effects of road traffic injury prevention measures.Unfortunately,official road traffic injury statistics delivered by governments worldwide...High-quality data are the foundation to monitor the progress and evaluate the effects of road traffic injury prevention measures.Unfortunately,official road traffic injury statistics delivered by governments worldwide,are often believed somewhat unreliable and invalid.We summarized the reported problems concerning the road traffic injury statistics through systematically searching and reviewing the literature.The problems include absence of regular data,under-reporting,low specificity,distorted cause spectrum of road traffic injury,inconsistency,inaccessibility,and delay of data release.We also explored the mechanisms behind the problematic data and proposed the solutions to the addressed challenges for road traffic statistics.展开更多
基金Egyptian Science and Technology and Innovation Fund(STIFA)for the support of the study through grant No.46667 entitled“Sustainability of Lab Capacities of the Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development”.
文摘Background:Corchorus olitorius L.(Malvaceae)is a green leafy vegetable widely consumed in the Middle East and valued for its rich nutritional content.Its essential oils,an important class of secondary metabolites,are of growing interest for potential use in cosmetics and fragrance industries due to their bioactive properties.Methods:Leaves of C.olitorius cultivated in Egypt were extracted using microwave-assisted hydrodistillation(MAHD)and conventional hydrodistillation(HD).The oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)to characterize their chemical profiles.In vitro assays were conducted to evaluate their anti-elastase and anti-collagenase activities,and in silico studies were performed to predict the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of major constituents.Results:GC-MS analysis showed that aldehydes,alkanes,fatty alcohols,fatty acids,and their derivatives were the predominant compound classes in both oils.Notably,oxygenated diterpenes(11.22%)were present exclusively in the MAHD oil,while triterpenoids(16.37%)were found only in the HD oil.The MAHD oil demonstrated stronger In vitro anti-elastase(IC_(50)=42.5μg/mL)and anti-collagenase(IC_(50)=131.5μg/mL)activities compared to the HD oil(IC_(50)=66.7 and 206.8μg/mL,respectively),reflecting an approximate 36.3%improvement in elastase inhibition and 36.4%improvement in collagenase inhibition.In silico docking indicated that the triterpenoidβ-amyrin acetate showed the highest predicted binding affinity for porcine pancreatic elastase(PDB ID:6QEO,ΔG=−8.1 kcal/mol)and collagenase(PDB ID:456C,ΔG=−9.1 kcal/mol)among the major compounds analyzed.Conclusion:These findings demonstrate that MAHD is a greener and more efficient extraction method,yielding oil with enhanced enzyme inhibitory activity compared to conventional HD.The promising anti-elastase and anti-collagenase properties suggest that C.olitorius MAHD oil could serve as a potential candidate for anti-aging cosmetic formulations,following further validation.
文摘Cordyceps is treasured entomopathogenic fungi that have been used as antitumor,immunomodulating,antioxidant,and pro-sexual agent.Cordyceps,also called DongChongXiaCao in Chinese,Yartsa Gunbu(Tibetan),means winter worm-summer grass.Natural Cordyceps sinensis with parasitic hosts is difficult to be collected and the recent findings on its potential pharmacological functions,resulted in skyrocketing prices.Therefore,finding a mass-production method or an alternative for C.sinensis products is a top-priority task.In this review,we describe current status of Cordyceps research and its recent developments in Taiwan.The content and pharmacological activities of four major industrial species of Cordyceps(C.sinensis,Cordyceps militaris,Cordyceps cicadae and Cordyceps sobolifera)used in Taiwan,were reviewed.Moreover,we highlighted the effect of using different methods of fermentation and production on the morphology and chemical content of Cordyceps sp.Finally,we summarized the bottle-necks and challenges facing Cordyceps research as well as we proposed future road map for Cordyceps industry in Taiwan.
基金supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan(Grant number:MOST 106-2320-B-037008-MY2,MOST 108-2320-B-037-022-MY3,108-2811-B-037-511,and 109-2927-I-037-502)funded by the Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center,Kaohsiung Medical UniversityDepartment of Medical Research,Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital(Grant number:KMU-TC108A03-11)。
文摘This study generated two fused protoplasts of Antrodia cinnamomea and Cordyceps militaris in two ways.The protoplasts of A.cinnamomea were inactivated by heat to inactivate biochemical processes and enzymatic activities in the cytoplasm,and the protoplasts of C.militaris were inactivated by UV radiation to invalidate their genome function,then they were fused under optimal conditions to get a fusion rate as(7.42±0.8)×10^(-6) fusants/mL;the new fusants were abbreviated as Ac-Cm.On the other hand,when A.cinnamomea and C.militaris were treated with heat and UV oppositely using similar experiments,the fusion rate was(9.70±0.68)×10^(-5) fusants/mL,and the new fusants were abbreviated as Cm-Ac.We selected each of two best-growing fused colonies Ac-Cm-1,Ac-Cm-2,Cm-Ac-1,and Cm-Ac-2,together with parental A.cinnamomea and C.militaris,and studied their morphology,growth antagonism tests,and genetic relationships by 18 S rRNA sequencing.In comparison with the initial cultures of 4 fusants,the yields of adenosine,biomass,cordycepic acid,cordycepin,total polysaccharide,and total triterpenoids were increased up 1.305-50.1563 times in the optimal medium conditions.For gene stability tests,those of the four fusants and their outputs were stabilized within 10 generations.
基金RRL Rondilla acknowledges the Accelerated Science and Technology Human Resource Development Program of the Department of Science and Technology-Science Education Institute(DOST-SEI)for the graduate scholarship grant.
文摘Fungal endophytes offer structurally diverse and unique secondary metabolites with interesting biological activities.Several reports have shown the potential of fungal endophytes as sources ofα-glucosidase inhibitors to alleviate diabetes.In this study,the fungal endophyte Annulohypoxylon stygium(Xylariales,Ascomycota)was identified for the first time from the leaves of the endemic tropical plant,Pandanus simplex Merr.Crude extract was obtained by fermenting the fungal endophyte in Potato Dextrose Broth for 30 days at room temperature.The A.stygium crude extract exhibited good inhibition to theα-glucosidase enzyme with an IC_(50) of 31.88±2.86μg/mL.Purification of the crude extract afforded 8-methoxynaphthol with an IC_(50) value of 676.3±1.03μg/mL.The isolation of 8-methoxynaphthol from A.stygium is reported herein for the first time.This study highlights the ability of A.stygium to produce metabolites that may be useful as antidiabetic drugs.
基金the Joint Research Scheme of National Natural Science Foundation of China/Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(Project No.71561167001&N_HKU707/15)the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81573260 and No.713711921)the Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate(Grant No.CX2018B067).
文摘High-quality data are the foundation to monitor the progress and evaluate the effects of road traffic injury prevention measures.Unfortunately,official road traffic injury statistics delivered by governments worldwide,are often believed somewhat unreliable and invalid.We summarized the reported problems concerning the road traffic injury statistics through systematically searching and reviewing the literature.The problems include absence of regular data,under-reporting,low specificity,distorted cause spectrum of road traffic injury,inconsistency,inaccessibility,and delay of data release.We also explored the mechanisms behind the problematic data and proposed the solutions to the addressed challenges for road traffic statistics.
