Necroptosis is a tightly regulated form of necrosis that requires the activation of receptor-interacting protein(RIP)kinases RIPK1 and RIPK3,as well as the RIPK3 substrate mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein(MLKL...Necroptosis is a tightly regulated form of necrosis that requires the activation of receptor-interacting protein(RIP)kinases RIPK1 and RIPK3,as well as the RIPK3 substrate mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein(MLKL).Because of membrane rupture,necroptotic cells release damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs)that evoke immune responses.Necroptosis is emerging as an important cellular response in the modulation of cancer initiation,progression,and metastasis.Necroptosis of cancer cells is considered to be an immunogenic cell death capable of activating anti-tumor immunity.Necroptosis also participates in the promotion of myeloid cell-induced adaptive immune suppression and thus contributes to oncogenesis.In addition,necroptosis of endothelial cells and tumor cells is conducive to tumor metastasis.In this review,we summarize the current knowledge of the complex role of necroptosis in cancer and discuss the potential of targeting necroptosis components for cancer therapies.展开更多
This study describes the use of the weighted multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique(WMART)to obtain vertical ozone profiles from limb observations performed by the scanning imaging absorption spectrometer f...This study describes the use of the weighted multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique(WMART)to obtain vertical ozone profiles from limb observations performed by the scanning imaging absorption spectrometer for atmospheric chartography(SCIAMACHY).This technique is based on SaskMART(the combination of the multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique and SaskTRAN radiative transfer model),which was originally developed for optical spectrometer and infrared imaging system(OSIRIS)data.One of the objectives of this study was to obtain consistent ozone profiles from the two satellites.In this study,the WMART algorithm is combined with a radiative transfer model(SCIATRAN),as well as a set of measurement vectors comprising five Hartley pairing vectors(HPVs)and one Chappuis triplet vector(CTV),to retrieve ozone profiles in the altitude range of 10–69 km.Considering that the weighting factors in WMART have a significant effect on the retrievals,we propose a novel approach to calculate the pair/triplet weighting factors using wavelength weighting functions.The results of the application of the proposed ozone retrieval scheme are compared with the SCIAMACHY v3.5 ozone product by University of Bremen and validated against profiles derived from other passive satellite observations or measured by ozonesondes.Between 18 and 55 km,the retrieved ozone profiles typically agree with data from the SCIAMACHY ozone product within 5%for tropics and middle latitudes,whereas a negative deviation exists between 35 and 50 km for northern high latitudes,with a deviation of less than 10%above 50 km.Comparison of the retrieved profiles with microwave limb sounder(MLS)v5.0 indicates that the difference is within±5%between 18 and 55 km,and an agreement within 10%is achieved in other altitudes for tropics and middle latitudes.Comparison of the retrieved profiles with OSIRIS v7.1 indicates that the average deviation is within±5%between 20 and 59 km,and difference of approximately 10%is achieved below 20 km.Compared with ozonesondes data,a general validity of the retrievals is no more than 5%between 15 and 30 km.展开更多
Candida albicans is one of the most common pathogens causing invasive fungal infections,with a mortality rate of up to 20%-50%.Amphotericin B(AmB),a biopharmaceutics classification system(BCS)IV drug,significantly inh...Candida albicans is one of the most common pathogens causing invasive fungal infections,with a mortality rate of up to 20%-50%.Amphotericin B(AmB),a biopharmaceutics classification system(BCS)IV drug,significantly inhibits Candida albicans.AmB is primarily administered via oral and intravenous infusion,but severe infusion adverse effects,nephrotoxicity,and potential hepatotoxicity limit its clinical application.Deep eutectic solvents(DESs),with excellent solubilization ability and skin permeability,are attractive for transdermal delivery.Herein,we used DESs to deliver AmB for antifungal therapy transdermally.We first prepared and characterized DESs with different stoichiometric ratios of choline(Ch)and geranate(Ge).DESs increased the solubility of AmB by a thousand-fold.In vitro and in vivo,skin permeation studies indicated that DES_(1:2)(Ch and Ge in 1:2 ratio)had the most outstanding penetration and delivered fluorescence dye to the dermis layer.Then,DES_(1:2)-AmB was prepared and in vitro antifungal tests demonstrated that DES_(1:2)-AmB had superior antifungal effects compared to AmB and DES_(1:2).Furthermore,DES_(1:2)-AmB was skin-irritating and biocompatible.In conclusion,DES-AmB provides a new and effective therapeutic solution for fungal infections.展开更多
With the burgeoning growth of aquaculture industry,high concentration of NH_(4)^(+)-N,phosphorus and tetracycline are the prevalent pollutants in aquaculturewastewater posing a significant health risk to aquatic organ...With the burgeoning growth of aquaculture industry,high concentration of NH_(4)^(+)-N,phosphorus and tetracycline are the prevalent pollutants in aquaculturewastewater posing a significant health risk to aquatic organisms.Therefore,an effective method for treating aquaculture wastewater should be urgently explored.Simultaneous removal of NH_(4)^(+)-N,phosphorus,tetracycline,and chemical oxygen demand(COD)in aquaculture wastewater was developed bymoving bed biofilm reactor(MBBR)under co-metabolic substances.The result showed that co-metabolism substances had different effects on MBBR performance,and 79.4%of tetracycline,68.2%of NH_(4)^(+)-N,61.3%of total nitrogen,88.3%of COD,and 38.1%of total phosphorus(TP)were synchronously removed with sodium acetate as a co-metabolic carbon source.Protein(PN),polysaccharide(PS),and electron transfer system activity were used to evaluate the MBBR performances,suggesting that PN/PS ratio was 1.48,0.91,1.07,3.58,and 0.79 at phases Ⅰ-Ⅴ.Additionally,a mode of tetracycline degradation and TP removal was explored,and the cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry.The result suggested that 74%,83%,and 83%of tetracycline were degraded by extracellular extracts,intracellular extracts,and cell debris,and there was no difference between extracts and non-enzyme in TP removal.The ratio of viable and dead cells from biofilm reached 33.3%and 7.68%with sodium acetate as a co-metabolic carbon source.Furthermore,Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes in biofilm were identified as the dominant phyla for tetracycline and nutrients removal.This study provides a new strategy for tetracycline and nutrients removal from aquaculture wastewater through co-metabolism.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31671436,31600133,31771533,and 31830051)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20160314)+1 种基金the Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation for Young Teachers(No.151020)the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(Nos.2017NL31002 and 2017NL31004)
文摘Necroptosis is a tightly regulated form of necrosis that requires the activation of receptor-interacting protein(RIP)kinases RIPK1 and RIPK3,as well as the RIPK3 substrate mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein(MLKL).Because of membrane rupture,necroptotic cells release damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs)that evoke immune responses.Necroptosis is emerging as an important cellular response in the modulation of cancer initiation,progression,and metastasis.Necroptosis of cancer cells is considered to be an immunogenic cell death capable of activating anti-tumor immunity.Necroptosis also participates in the promotion of myeloid cell-induced adaptive immune suppression and thus contributes to oncogenesis.In addition,necroptosis of endothelial cells and tumor cells is conducive to tumor metastasis.In this review,we summarize the current knowledge of the complex role of necroptosis in cancer and discuss the potential of targeting necroptosis components for cancer therapies.
基金supported by the National Science Foundations of China(No.61905256)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFC0214702)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2020439)。
文摘This study describes the use of the weighted multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique(WMART)to obtain vertical ozone profiles from limb observations performed by the scanning imaging absorption spectrometer for atmospheric chartography(SCIAMACHY).This technique is based on SaskMART(the combination of the multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique and SaskTRAN radiative transfer model),which was originally developed for optical spectrometer and infrared imaging system(OSIRIS)data.One of the objectives of this study was to obtain consistent ozone profiles from the two satellites.In this study,the WMART algorithm is combined with a radiative transfer model(SCIATRAN),as well as a set of measurement vectors comprising five Hartley pairing vectors(HPVs)and one Chappuis triplet vector(CTV),to retrieve ozone profiles in the altitude range of 10–69 km.Considering that the weighting factors in WMART have a significant effect on the retrievals,we propose a novel approach to calculate the pair/triplet weighting factors using wavelength weighting functions.The results of the application of the proposed ozone retrieval scheme are compared with the SCIAMACHY v3.5 ozone product by University of Bremen and validated against profiles derived from other passive satellite observations or measured by ozonesondes.Between 18 and 55 km,the retrieved ozone profiles typically agree with data from the SCIAMACHY ozone product within 5%for tropics and middle latitudes,whereas a negative deviation exists between 35 and 50 km for northern high latitudes,with a deviation of less than 10%above 50 km.Comparison of the retrieved profiles with microwave limb sounder(MLS)v5.0 indicates that the difference is within±5%between 18 and 55 km,and an agreement within 10%is achieved in other altitudes for tropics and middle latitudes.Comparison of the retrieved profiles with OSIRIS v7.1 indicates that the average deviation is within±5%between 20 and 59 km,and difference of approximately 10%is achieved below 20 km.Compared with ozonesondes data,a general validity of the retrievals is no more than 5%between 15 and 30 km.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81872823,82073782,and 82241002)the Key R&D Plan of Ganjiang New District of Jiangxi(No.2023010).
文摘Candida albicans is one of the most common pathogens causing invasive fungal infections,with a mortality rate of up to 20%-50%.Amphotericin B(AmB),a biopharmaceutics classification system(BCS)IV drug,significantly inhibits Candida albicans.AmB is primarily administered via oral and intravenous infusion,but severe infusion adverse effects,nephrotoxicity,and potential hepatotoxicity limit its clinical application.Deep eutectic solvents(DESs),with excellent solubilization ability and skin permeability,are attractive for transdermal delivery.Herein,we used DESs to deliver AmB for antifungal therapy transdermally.We first prepared and characterized DESs with different stoichiometric ratios of choline(Ch)and geranate(Ge).DESs increased the solubility of AmB by a thousand-fold.In vitro and in vivo,skin permeation studies indicated that DES_(1:2)(Ch and Ge in 1:2 ratio)had the most outstanding penetration and delivered fluorescence dye to the dermis layer.Then,DES_(1:2)-AmB was prepared and in vitro antifungal tests demonstrated that DES_(1:2)-AmB had superior antifungal effects compared to AmB and DES_(1:2).Furthermore,DES_(1:2)-AmB was skin-irritating and biocompatible.In conclusion,DES-AmB provides a new and effective therapeutic solution for fungal infections.
基金supported by the Research Support Project for Stabilizing and Introducing Talents of Anhui Agricultural University(No.rc522010).
文摘With the burgeoning growth of aquaculture industry,high concentration of NH_(4)^(+)-N,phosphorus and tetracycline are the prevalent pollutants in aquaculturewastewater posing a significant health risk to aquatic organisms.Therefore,an effective method for treating aquaculture wastewater should be urgently explored.Simultaneous removal of NH_(4)^(+)-N,phosphorus,tetracycline,and chemical oxygen demand(COD)in aquaculture wastewater was developed bymoving bed biofilm reactor(MBBR)under co-metabolic substances.The result showed that co-metabolism substances had different effects on MBBR performance,and 79.4%of tetracycline,68.2%of NH_(4)^(+)-N,61.3%of total nitrogen,88.3%of COD,and 38.1%of total phosphorus(TP)were synchronously removed with sodium acetate as a co-metabolic carbon source.Protein(PN),polysaccharide(PS),and electron transfer system activity were used to evaluate the MBBR performances,suggesting that PN/PS ratio was 1.48,0.91,1.07,3.58,and 0.79 at phases Ⅰ-Ⅴ.Additionally,a mode of tetracycline degradation and TP removal was explored,and the cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry.The result suggested that 74%,83%,and 83%of tetracycline were degraded by extracellular extracts,intracellular extracts,and cell debris,and there was no difference between extracts and non-enzyme in TP removal.The ratio of viable and dead cells from biofilm reached 33.3%and 7.68%with sodium acetate as a co-metabolic carbon source.Furthermore,Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes in biofilm were identified as the dominant phyla for tetracycline and nutrients removal.This study provides a new strategy for tetracycline and nutrients removal from aquaculture wastewater through co-metabolism.
