Cognitive impairment is a particularly severe non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease that significantly diminishes the quality of life of affected individuals.Identifying reliable biomarkers for cognitive impair...Cognitive impairment is a particularly severe non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease that significantly diminishes the quality of life of affected individuals.Identifying reliable biomarkers for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease is essential for early diagnosis,prognostic assessments,and the development of targeted therapies.This review aims to summarize recent advancements in biofluid biomarkers for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease,focusing on the detection of specific proteins,metabolites,and other biomarkers in blood,cerebrospinal fluid,and saliva.These biomarkers can shed light on the multifaceted etiology of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease,which includes protein misfolding,neurodegeneration,inflammation,and oxidative stress.The integration of biofluid biomarkers with neuroimaging and clinical data can facilitate the development of predictive models to enhance early diagnosis and monitor the progression of cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease.This comprehensive approach can improve the existing understanding of the mechanisms driving cognitive decline and support the development of targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at modifying the course of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.Despite the promise of these biomarkers in characterizing the mechanisms underlying cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease,further research is necessary to validate their clinical utility and establish a standardized framework for early detection and monitoring of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.展开更多
Multiferroic tunnel junctions(MFTJs),which combine tunneling magnetoresistance(TMR)and electroresistance(TER)efects,have emerged as key candidates for data storage.Two-dimensional van der Waals(vdW)MFTJs,in particular...Multiferroic tunnel junctions(MFTJs),which combine tunneling magnetoresistance(TMR)and electroresistance(TER)efects,have emerged as key candidates for data storage.Two-dimensional van der Waals(vdW)MFTJs,in particular,are promising spintronic devices for the post-Moore era.However,these vdW MFTJs are typically based on multiferroics composed of ferromagnetic and ferroelectric materials or multilayer magnetic materials with sliding ferroelectricity,which increases device fabrication complexity.In this work,we design a vdW MFTJ using bilayer MoPtGe_(2)S_(6),a material with homologous multiferroicity in each monolayer,combined with symmetric PtTe_(2)electrodes.Using frst-principles calculations based on density functional theory and nonequilibrium Green's functions,we theoretically explore the spin-polarized electronic transport properties of this MFTJ.By controlling the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic polarization directions of bilayer MoPtGe_(2)S_(6),the MFTJ can exhibit six distinct non-volatile resistance states,with maximum TMR(137%)and TER(1943%)ratios.Under biaxial strain,TMR and TER can increase to 265%and 4210%,respectively.The TER ratio also increases to 2186%under a 0.1 V bias voltage.Remarkably,the MFTJ exhibits a pronounced spin-fltering and a signifcant negative diferential resistance efect.These fndings not only highlight the potential of monolayer multiferroic MoPtGe_(2)S_(6)for MFTJs but also ofer valuable theoretical insights for future experimental investigations.展开更多
Peri-implant keratinized mucosa(PIKM)augmentation refers to surgical procedures aimed at increasing the width of PIKM.Consensus reports emphasize the necessity of maintaining a minimum width of PIKM to ensure long-ter...Peri-implant keratinized mucosa(PIKM)augmentation refers to surgical procedures aimed at increasing the width of PIKM.Consensus reports emphasize the necessity of maintaining a minimum width of PIKM to ensure long-term peri-implant health.Currently,several surgical techniques have been validated for their effectiveness in increasing PIKM.However,the selection and application of PIKM augmentation methods may present challenges for dental practitioners due to heterogeneity in surgical techniques,variations in clinical scenarios,and anatomical differences.Therefore,clear guidelines and considerations for PIKM augmentation are needed.This expert consensus focuses on the commonly employed surgical techniques for PIKM augmentation and the factors influencing their selection at second-stage surgery.It aims to establish a standardized framework for assessing,planning,and executing PIKM augmentation procedures,with the goal of offering evidence-based guidance to enhance the predictability and success of PIKM augmentation.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)is driving a paradigm shift in gastroenterology and hepa-tology by delivering cutting-edge tools for disease screening,diagnosis,treatment,and prognostic management.Through deep learning,rad...Artificial intelligence(AI)is driving a paradigm shift in gastroenterology and hepa-tology by delivering cutting-edge tools for disease screening,diagnosis,treatment,and prognostic management.Through deep learning,radiomics,and multimodal data integration,AI has achieved diagnostic parity with expert cli-nicians in endoscopic image analysis(e.g.,early gastric cancer detection,colorectal polyp identification)and non-invasive assessment of liver pathologies(e.g.,fibrosis staging,fatty liver typing)while demonstrating utility in personalized care scenarios such as predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and opti-mizing inflammatory bowel disease treatment responses.Despite these advance-ments challenges persist including limited model generalization due to frag-mented datasets,algorithmic limitations in rare conditions(e.g.,pediatric liver diseases)caused by insufficient training data,and unresolved ethical issues related to bias,accountability,and patient privacy.Mitigation strategies involve constructing standardized multicenter databases,validating AI tools through prospective trials,leveraging federated learning to address data scarcity,and de-veloping interpretable systems(e.g.,attention heatmap visualization)to enhance clinical trust.Integrating generative AI,digital twin technologies,and establishing unified ethical/regulatory frameworks will accelerate AI adoption in primary care and foster equitable healthcare access while interdisciplinary collaboration and evidence-based implementation remain critical for realizing AI’s potential to redefine precision care for digestive disorders,improve global health outcomes,and reshape healthcare equity.展开更多
This article comprehensively explores the relationship between anxiety and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy(HDP),covering epidemiology,potential mechanisms,and management strategies.HDP is the second leading cause ...This article comprehensively explores the relationship between anxiety and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy(HDP),covering epidemiology,potential mechanisms,and management strategies.HDP is the second leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality,encompassing subtypes such as gestational hypertension,preeclampsia,and eclampsia.Research indicates that anxiety is closely associated with the occurrence of HDP,potentially influencing blood pressure regulation and vascular function through neuroendocrine,inflammatory,genetic,and gut microbiota effects.Epidemiological data show that anxiety is prevalent during pregnancy and is linked to an increased risk of HDP.Biological mechanism studies reveal that anxiety can increase the risk of HDP by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis,promoting inflammation,and affecting gut microbiota.In terms of treatment and management,psychological interventions(such as relaxation training,yoga,and mindfulness meditation)and pharmacological treatments(such as labetalol and nifedipine)play important roles in alleviating anxiety and improving the prognosis of HDP.Additionally,multidisciplinary collaboration and long-term postpartum follow-up are crucial for reducing the long-term risk of cardiovascular diseases.Despite significant progress in research on anxiety and HDP,many issues still require further exploration,including in-depth mechanism studies,optimization of clinical interventions,improvement of multidisciplinary collaboration models,long-term follow-up studies,and the impact of cultural and social factors.展开更多
Objective:To examine the protective effect of saikosaponin D against streptozotocin(STZ)-induced gestational diabetes mellitus in female rats.Methods:Intraperitoneal administration of STZ(40 mg/kg)was used for the ind...Objective:To examine the protective effect of saikosaponin D against streptozotocin(STZ)-induced gestational diabetes mellitus in female rats.Methods:Intraperitoneal administration of STZ(40 mg/kg)was used for the induction of diabetes in pregnant rats,and rats orally received sikosaponin D(10,20,and 40 mg/kg).The body weight,placental weight,fetal weight,fetal index,and various biochemical parameters,including antioxidant,glucose level,cytokines,and apoptosis parameters,were estimated.The expression levels of various mRNAs were also analyzed.Results:Saikosaponin D increased body weight and fetal weight while decreasing placental weight and placental index.Saikosaponin D significantly altered various biochemical parameters such as fasting blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),hemoglobin,hepatic glycogen,advanced glycation end products,lipid parameters(total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein,high density lipoprotein,very low density lipoprotein),antioxidant parameters(superoxide dismutase,glutathione,glutathione peroxidase,malonaldehyde,catalase),inflammatory cytokines(tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,interleukin-1β,interleukin-10),apoptosis parameters(Bcl-2,Bax,caspase-3),resistin,adiponectin,leptin,intercellular adhesion molecule 1,vascular cell adhesion molecule-1,and monocyte chemotactic protein-1.Furthermore,saikosaponin D modulated the mRNA expression of TLR4,MyD88,NF-κB,NLRP3,TNF-α,IL-6,CRP,SIRT1,and MAPK.Conclusions:Saikosaponin D exhibits a protective effect against STZinduced gestational diabetes mellitus in rats via regulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.展开更多
Efficient and stable photocathodes with versatility are of significance in photoassisted lithium-ion batteries(PLIBs),while there is always a request on fast carrier transport in electrochemical active photocathodes.P...Efficient and stable photocathodes with versatility are of significance in photoassisted lithium-ion batteries(PLIBs),while there is always a request on fast carrier transport in electrochemical active photocathodes.Present work proposes a general approach of creating bulk heterojunction to boost the carrier mobility of photocathodes by simply laser assisted embedding of plasmonic nanocrystals.When employed in PLIBs,it was found effective for synchronously enhanced photocharge separation and transport in light charging process.Additionally,experimental photon spectroscopy,finite difference time domain method simulation and theoretical analyses demonstrate that the improved carrier dynamics are driven by the plasmonic-induced hot electron injection from metal to TiO_(2),as well as the enhanced conductivity in TiO2 matrix due to the formation of oxygen vacancies after Schottky contact.Benefiting from these merits,several benchmark values in performance of TiO2-based photocathode applied in PLIBs are set,including the capacity of 276 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 A g^(−1) under illumination,photoconversion efficiency of 1.276%at 3 A g^(−1),less capacity and Columbic efficiency loss even through 200 cycles.These results exemplify the potential of the bulk heterojunction strategy in developing highly efficient and stable photoassisted energy storage systems.展开更多
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that liraglutide,a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist,has unexpected cardioprotective effects.However,the distinctive effects of liraglutide on diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM),p...BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that liraglutide,a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist,has unexpected cardioprotective effects.However,the distinctive effects of liraglutide on diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM),particularly its effect on mitophagy,have not been fully elucidated.AIM To investigate the effects of liraglutide on cardiac damage and mitophagy in DCM rats.METHODS A high-fat diet and streptozotocin were used to induce DCM in rats.After 12 weeks of liraglutide treatment,rats underwent assessments of cardiac function,serum biochemical parameters,histological changes,apoptosis index,and protein levels.Furthermore,neonatal rat cardiomyocytes(NRCMs)were exposed to 25 mmol/L glucose plus 250μmol/L palmitate(high glucose+palmitic acid),with or without 200 nmol/L liraglutide,to investigate the effects of liraglutide on cardiomyocyte injury and the underlying mechanisms.RESULTS Liraglutide improved myocardial function and ameliorated cardiac damage in DCM rats,as indicated by reduced myocardial apoptosis,hypertrophy,and interstitial fibrosis(P<0.05).In NRCMs,Liraglutide alleviated mitochondrial morphological and functional damage as well as oxidative stress,improved mitophagic defects,and reduced cell apoptosis(P<0.05).Mechanistically,liraglutide alleviated NRCMs damage by enhancing mitophagy mediated by the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)-Parkin signaling pathway,which was evidenced by the reversal of its effects upon compound C treatment.CONCLUSION Liraglutide exerted cardioprotective effects in DCM rats by inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis and promoting mitophagy mediated by the AMPK-Parkin signaling pathway.展开更多
Studies have demonstrated the association between black carbon(BC)particles and elevated risk of cardiovascular disease.However,the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear.This study aims to investigate...Studies have demonstrated the association between black carbon(BC)particles and elevated risk of cardiovascular disease.However,the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear.This study aims to investigate the effects of BC exposure on gene expressions in mice myocardium.Mice were divided into 3 groups(phosphate buffer saline(PBS)group,C50 group(50μg BC)and C100 group(100μg BC)).RNA sequencing was employed to conduct transcriptome analysis on myocardium samples.The expression levels of candidate genes were verified by qRT-PCR.Western Blot and Immunohistochemistry techniques were utilized to evaluate the expression of heat shock protein 70(Hsp70).BC exposure can cause an increase in the level of cardiac I-1βand IL-6.Transcriptome analysis revealed 1027 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in the C100 group compared with the PBS group.Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis demonstrated that these DEGs were primarily enriched in misfolded protein binding,respiratory chain and ATP metabolic process.Additionally,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis indicated significant enrichment of DEGs in pathwaysmainly related to prion disease,oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species.HSPA1A and HSPA1B,as Hsp70 family genes,were enriched in GO term of misfolded protein binding and prion disease pathway.Moreover,the expression of cardiac Hsp70 was significantly decreased in both BC groups and showed a negative association with pro-inflammatory factors expression.BC exposure has been shown to cause inflammatory injury and may induce protein misfolding.Notably,Hsp70 was a potential cardioprotective factor and target for BC pollution-related effects.展开更多
Traditional biodiesel production primarily uses methanol as the acyl acceptor,but its toxicity to lipase increases process complexity and operational difficulty elevate manufacturing costs.This study aimed to explore ...Traditional biodiesel production primarily uses methanol as the acyl acceptor,but its toxicity to lipase increases process complexity and operational difficulty elevate manufacturing costs.This study aimed to explore a new method for enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel with methyl methacrylate(MMA)as acyl acceptor.Meanwhile,a 1,3-position specific lipase Lipozyme RM IM was applied as biocatalyst,which enables simultaneous production of biodiesel(FAMEs)and methacrylate fatty acid glycerides(MFAGs)via specific sn-1,3 transesterification of MMA with triglyceride.Under the optimal reaction conditions:temperature of 50℃,molar ratio of 4:1 for MMA to triglyceride,enzyme dosage of 7.5%(mass),and an extra water addition of 0.5%(mass);triglyceride conversion rate of 97%,and FAMEs yield of 65%could be obtained.Simultaneously,the multistage short-path distillation and column chromatographic method were combined used for the separation of the mixed products.Finally,the purity of FAME,MFADG,DMFAG,and MMFAG were 98%,97.8%,95.3%,and 81.78%,respectively.In this new approach,MMA demonstrates lower toxicity to lipases,allowing for straightfo rward addition of all the substrates without complex addition process,and enhancing operational feasibility.Meanwhile,the by-products of MFAGs could be applied as monomers in varnishes and protective coatings,which increased the value of the products.Thus,this investigation providing an alternative way to produce biodiesel,and providing a new pathway for the sustainable development of biodiesel.展开更多
Previous studies have demonstrated that increasing Fe doping content can enhance the saturation magnetization and maximum energy product of 2:17-type Sm-Co rare-earth permanent magnets.Howeve r,syste matic theo retica...Previous studies have demonstrated that increasing Fe doping content can enhance the saturation magnetization and maximum energy product of 2:17-type Sm-Co rare-earth permanent magnets.Howeve r,syste matic theo retical calculations and the effects of other transition metal dopants have yet to be explored.This study employed first-principles computational methods to investigate the effects of doping with 3d and Zr transition metal elements on the structural stability,magnetic properties,and electronic structure of Sm_(2)Co_(17)permanent magnets.The results indicate that Sc and Zr tend to occupy the Sm-6c site,while Ni,Cu and Zn preferentially occupy the 18h site,and Ti,V,Cr,Mn and Fe primarily occupy the Co-6c site.Except for V and Cu,all other elements effectively improve the structural stability of the doped systems.Additionally,Mn and Fe doping can significantly enhance the total magnetic moment and magnetocrystalline anisotropy energies of the Sm_(2)Co_(17)system,while Cr only increases the total magnetic moment.More importantly,doping with Cr,Mn and Fe within the doping co ntent range of9.8 at%<x<35.29 at% can simultaneously improve the structural stability,total magnetic moment and magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy of the Sm_(2)Co_(17) system.Our study provides valuable theoretical guidance for experimental exploration and is expected to promote the development and application of novel rare-earth permanent magnetic materials.展开更多
The aim of this study is to analyze factors influencing the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)within 28 d after birth in very-low-birth-weight(VLBW)infants with a gestational age of less than 34 weeks who ...The aim of this study is to analyze factors influencing the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)within 28 d after birth in very-low-birth-weight(VLBW)infants with a gestational age of less than 34 weeks who were receiving early parenteral nutrition.Data were retrospectively collected from infants born between January and December 2021,who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit within 24 h of birth,had a gestational age of less than 34 weeks,and were classified as VLBW.The study included 14 cases without BPD and 20 cases with BPD,and it compared clinical data during hospitalization between these two groups.On the 1st day of life,the BPD group had a nitrogen-to-calorie ratio of 105.44±26.67,while the non-BPD group had a ratio of 146.81±37.04.This difference was statistically significant,with a P-value of 0.04,indicating a potential association between the nitrogen-to-calorie ratio and the development of BPD.However,no significant differences were observed in other clinical indicators between the two groups.These findings suggested that a larger sample size was needed to further explore and confirm the correlation between the nitrogen-to-calorie ratio and the risk of developing BPD in this population.展开更多
Organic electrode materials(OEMs)have garnered great attention for aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs)owing to their flexible designability and sustainable resources.However,the sluggish reaction kinetics and low active s...Organic electrode materials(OEMs)have garnered great attention for aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs)owing to their flexible designability and sustainable resources.However,the sluggish reaction kinetics and low active site utilization have strongly restricted their development due to the competitive coordination of H^(+)and Zn^(2+)in weakly acidic zinc electrolytes.Herein,we design a symmetric naphthoquinone-based cathode,2,3-dimethoxynaphthalene-1,4-dione(DMeNQ),with rational functional groups to facilitate proton coordination chemistry and accomplish improved ability to capture with zinc ion.The carbonyl and methoxy groups on the DMeNQ construct hydrogen bond networks and serve as a“proton pump”to expedite proton conduction through the Grotthuss-type mechanism.Density functional theory calculations have visualized the formation of“ion traps,”while in situ Raman spectra have tracked the reversible evolution of the active sites.Accordingly,the DMeNQ delivers a high capacity of 245mAhg^(−1)(99.6%utilization of the active groups)and a long lifetime of 50,000 cycles at 40 C in AZIBs.In addition,the DMeNQ also possesses a superior rate capability of 85mAh g^(−1)and a satisfactory cycle life of over 150,000 cycles at 400 C in proton batteries.Our results provide an effective pathway for high-performance OEMs.展开更多
基金supported by Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province,Nos.202301AS070045,202101AY070001-115(to XY and BL)National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81960242(to XY)。
文摘Cognitive impairment is a particularly severe non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease that significantly diminishes the quality of life of affected individuals.Identifying reliable biomarkers for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease is essential for early diagnosis,prognostic assessments,and the development of targeted therapies.This review aims to summarize recent advancements in biofluid biomarkers for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease,focusing on the detection of specific proteins,metabolites,and other biomarkers in blood,cerebrospinal fluid,and saliva.These biomarkers can shed light on the multifaceted etiology of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease,which includes protein misfolding,neurodegeneration,inflammation,and oxidative stress.The integration of biofluid biomarkers with neuroimaging and clinical data can facilitate the development of predictive models to enhance early diagnosis and monitor the progression of cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease.This comprehensive approach can improve the existing understanding of the mechanisms driving cognitive decline and support the development of targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at modifying the course of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.Despite the promise of these biomarkers in characterizing the mechanisms underlying cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease,further research is necessary to validate their clinical utility and establish a standardized framework for early detection and monitoring of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3505301)the National Key R&D Program of Shanxi Province(Grant No.202302050201014)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12304148)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shanxi Province(Grant No.202203021222219)。
文摘Multiferroic tunnel junctions(MFTJs),which combine tunneling magnetoresistance(TMR)and electroresistance(TER)efects,have emerged as key candidates for data storage.Two-dimensional van der Waals(vdW)MFTJs,in particular,are promising spintronic devices for the post-Moore era.However,these vdW MFTJs are typically based on multiferroics composed of ferromagnetic and ferroelectric materials or multilayer magnetic materials with sliding ferroelectricity,which increases device fabrication complexity.In this work,we design a vdW MFTJ using bilayer MoPtGe_(2)S_(6),a material with homologous multiferroicity in each monolayer,combined with symmetric PtTe_(2)electrodes.Using frst-principles calculations based on density functional theory and nonequilibrium Green's functions,we theoretically explore the spin-polarized electronic transport properties of this MFTJ.By controlling the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic polarization directions of bilayer MoPtGe_(2)S_(6),the MFTJ can exhibit six distinct non-volatile resistance states,with maximum TMR(137%)and TER(1943%)ratios.Under biaxial strain,TMR and TER can increase to 265%and 4210%,respectively.The TER ratio also increases to 2186%under a 0.1 V bias voltage.Remarkably,the MFTJ exhibits a pronounced spin-fltering and a signifcant negative diferential resistance efect.These fndings not only highlight the potential of monolayer multiferroic MoPtGe_(2)S_(6)for MFTJs but also ofer valuable theoretical insights for future experimental investigations.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(grant number:25NSFSC0265).
文摘Peri-implant keratinized mucosa(PIKM)augmentation refers to surgical procedures aimed at increasing the width of PIKM.Consensus reports emphasize the necessity of maintaining a minimum width of PIKM to ensure long-term peri-implant health.Currently,several surgical techniques have been validated for their effectiveness in increasing PIKM.However,the selection and application of PIKM augmentation methods may present challenges for dental practitioners due to heterogeneity in surgical techniques,variations in clinical scenarios,and anatomical differences.Therefore,clear guidelines and considerations for PIKM augmentation are needed.This expert consensus focuses on the commonly employed surgical techniques for PIKM augmentation and the factors influencing their selection at second-stage surgery.It aims to establish a standardized framework for assessing,planning,and executing PIKM augmentation procedures,with the goal of offering evidence-based guidance to enhance the predictability and success of PIKM augmentation.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province,No.YDZJ202401182ZYTSJilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Infectious Diseases,No.20200601011JCJilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Precision Prevention and Control for Common Diseases,Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission,No.2022C036.
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)is driving a paradigm shift in gastroenterology and hepa-tology by delivering cutting-edge tools for disease screening,diagnosis,treatment,and prognostic management.Through deep learning,radiomics,and multimodal data integration,AI has achieved diagnostic parity with expert cli-nicians in endoscopic image analysis(e.g.,early gastric cancer detection,colorectal polyp identification)and non-invasive assessment of liver pathologies(e.g.,fibrosis staging,fatty liver typing)while demonstrating utility in personalized care scenarios such as predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and opti-mizing inflammatory bowel disease treatment responses.Despite these advance-ments challenges persist including limited model generalization due to frag-mented datasets,algorithmic limitations in rare conditions(e.g.,pediatric liver diseases)caused by insufficient training data,and unresolved ethical issues related to bias,accountability,and patient privacy.Mitigation strategies involve constructing standardized multicenter databases,validating AI tools through prospective trials,leveraging federated learning to address data scarcity,and de-veloping interpretable systems(e.g.,attention heatmap visualization)to enhance clinical trust.Integrating generative AI,digital twin technologies,and establishing unified ethical/regulatory frameworks will accelerate AI adoption in primary care and foster equitable healthcare access while interdisciplinary collaboration and evidence-based implementation remain critical for realizing AI’s potential to redefine precision care for digestive disorders,improve global health outcomes,and reshape healthcare equity.
文摘This article comprehensively explores the relationship between anxiety and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy(HDP),covering epidemiology,potential mechanisms,and management strategies.HDP is the second leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality,encompassing subtypes such as gestational hypertension,preeclampsia,and eclampsia.Research indicates that anxiety is closely associated with the occurrence of HDP,potentially influencing blood pressure regulation and vascular function through neuroendocrine,inflammatory,genetic,and gut microbiota effects.Epidemiological data show that anxiety is prevalent during pregnancy and is linked to an increased risk of HDP.Biological mechanism studies reveal that anxiety can increase the risk of HDP by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis,promoting inflammation,and affecting gut microbiota.In terms of treatment and management,psychological interventions(such as relaxation training,yoga,and mindfulness meditation)and pharmacological treatments(such as labetalol and nifedipine)play important roles in alleviating anxiety and improving the prognosis of HDP.Additionally,multidisciplinary collaboration and long-term postpartum follow-up are crucial for reducing the long-term risk of cardiovascular diseases.Despite significant progress in research on anxiety and HDP,many issues still require further exploration,including in-depth mechanism studies,optimization of clinical interventions,improvement of multidisciplinary collaboration models,long-term follow-up studies,and the impact of cultural and social factors.
文摘Objective:To examine the protective effect of saikosaponin D against streptozotocin(STZ)-induced gestational diabetes mellitus in female rats.Methods:Intraperitoneal administration of STZ(40 mg/kg)was used for the induction of diabetes in pregnant rats,and rats orally received sikosaponin D(10,20,and 40 mg/kg).The body weight,placental weight,fetal weight,fetal index,and various biochemical parameters,including antioxidant,glucose level,cytokines,and apoptosis parameters,were estimated.The expression levels of various mRNAs were also analyzed.Results:Saikosaponin D increased body weight and fetal weight while decreasing placental weight and placental index.Saikosaponin D significantly altered various biochemical parameters such as fasting blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),hemoglobin,hepatic glycogen,advanced glycation end products,lipid parameters(total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein,high density lipoprotein,very low density lipoprotein),antioxidant parameters(superoxide dismutase,glutathione,glutathione peroxidase,malonaldehyde,catalase),inflammatory cytokines(tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,interleukin-1β,interleukin-10),apoptosis parameters(Bcl-2,Bax,caspase-3),resistin,adiponectin,leptin,intercellular adhesion molecule 1,vascular cell adhesion molecule-1,and monocyte chemotactic protein-1.Furthermore,saikosaponin D modulated the mRNA expression of TLR4,MyD88,NF-κB,NLRP3,TNF-α,IL-6,CRP,SIRT1,and MAPK.Conclusions:Saikosaponin D exhibits a protective effect against STZinduced gestational diabetes mellitus in rats via regulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
基金supported by the project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52202115 and 52172101)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515012325)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1085)the Shaanxi Science and Technology Innovation Team(2023-CXTD-44)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(G2022KY0604).
文摘Efficient and stable photocathodes with versatility are of significance in photoassisted lithium-ion batteries(PLIBs),while there is always a request on fast carrier transport in electrochemical active photocathodes.Present work proposes a general approach of creating bulk heterojunction to boost the carrier mobility of photocathodes by simply laser assisted embedding of plasmonic nanocrystals.When employed in PLIBs,it was found effective for synchronously enhanced photocharge separation and transport in light charging process.Additionally,experimental photon spectroscopy,finite difference time domain method simulation and theoretical analyses demonstrate that the improved carrier dynamics are driven by the plasmonic-induced hot electron injection from metal to TiO_(2),as well as the enhanced conductivity in TiO2 matrix due to the formation of oxygen vacancies after Schottky contact.Benefiting from these merits,several benchmark values in performance of TiO2-based photocathode applied in PLIBs are set,including the capacity of 276 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 A g^(−1) under illumination,photoconversion efficiency of 1.276%at 3 A g^(−1),less capacity and Columbic efficiency loss even through 200 cycles.These results exemplify the potential of the bulk heterojunction strategy in developing highly efficient and stable photoassisted energy storage systems.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81370221 and No.82172334PUMC Youth Fund,No.3332018200+1 种基金National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China,No.2024ZD0522005CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Science,No.2016-CXGC05-4 and No.2021-I2M-1-008.
文摘BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that liraglutide,a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist,has unexpected cardioprotective effects.However,the distinctive effects of liraglutide on diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM),particularly its effect on mitophagy,have not been fully elucidated.AIM To investigate the effects of liraglutide on cardiac damage and mitophagy in DCM rats.METHODS A high-fat diet and streptozotocin were used to induce DCM in rats.After 12 weeks of liraglutide treatment,rats underwent assessments of cardiac function,serum biochemical parameters,histological changes,apoptosis index,and protein levels.Furthermore,neonatal rat cardiomyocytes(NRCMs)were exposed to 25 mmol/L glucose plus 250μmol/L palmitate(high glucose+palmitic acid),with or without 200 nmol/L liraglutide,to investigate the effects of liraglutide on cardiomyocyte injury and the underlying mechanisms.RESULTS Liraglutide improved myocardial function and ameliorated cardiac damage in DCM rats,as indicated by reduced myocardial apoptosis,hypertrophy,and interstitial fibrosis(P<0.05).In NRCMs,Liraglutide alleviated mitochondrial morphological and functional damage as well as oxidative stress,improved mitophagic defects,and reduced cell apoptosis(P<0.05).Mechanistically,liraglutide alleviated NRCMs damage by enhancing mitophagy mediated by the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)-Parkin signaling pathway,which was evidenced by the reversal of its effects upon compound C treatment.CONCLUSION Liraglutide exerted cardioprotective effects in DCM rats by inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis and promoting mitophagy mediated by the AMPK-Parkin signaling pathway.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Cultivation Foundation of Capital Medical University(No.PYZ2018101).
文摘Studies have demonstrated the association between black carbon(BC)particles and elevated risk of cardiovascular disease.However,the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear.This study aims to investigate the effects of BC exposure on gene expressions in mice myocardium.Mice were divided into 3 groups(phosphate buffer saline(PBS)group,C50 group(50μg BC)and C100 group(100μg BC)).RNA sequencing was employed to conduct transcriptome analysis on myocardium samples.The expression levels of candidate genes were verified by qRT-PCR.Western Blot and Immunohistochemistry techniques were utilized to evaluate the expression of heat shock protein 70(Hsp70).BC exposure can cause an increase in the level of cardiac I-1βand IL-6.Transcriptome analysis revealed 1027 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in the C100 group compared with the PBS group.Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis demonstrated that these DEGs were primarily enriched in misfolded protein binding,respiratory chain and ATP metabolic process.Additionally,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis indicated significant enrichment of DEGs in pathwaysmainly related to prion disease,oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species.HSPA1A and HSPA1B,as Hsp70 family genes,were enriched in GO term of misfolded protein binding and prion disease pathway.Moreover,the expression of cardiac Hsp70 was significantly decreased in both BC groups and showed a negative association with pro-inflammatory factors expression.BC exposure has been shown to cause inflammatory injury and may induce protein misfolding.Notably,Hsp70 was a potential cardioprotective factor and target for BC pollution-related effects.
文摘Traditional biodiesel production primarily uses methanol as the acyl acceptor,but its toxicity to lipase increases process complexity and operational difficulty elevate manufacturing costs.This study aimed to explore a new method for enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel with methyl methacrylate(MMA)as acyl acceptor.Meanwhile,a 1,3-position specific lipase Lipozyme RM IM was applied as biocatalyst,which enables simultaneous production of biodiesel(FAMEs)and methacrylate fatty acid glycerides(MFAGs)via specific sn-1,3 transesterification of MMA with triglyceride.Under the optimal reaction conditions:temperature of 50℃,molar ratio of 4:1 for MMA to triglyceride,enzyme dosage of 7.5%(mass),and an extra water addition of 0.5%(mass);triglyceride conversion rate of 97%,and FAMEs yield of 65%could be obtained.Simultaneously,the multistage short-path distillation and column chromatographic method were combined used for the separation of the mixed products.Finally,the purity of FAME,MFADG,DMFAG,and MMFAG were 98%,97.8%,95.3%,and 81.78%,respectively.In this new approach,MMA demonstrates lower toxicity to lipases,allowing for straightfo rward addition of all the substrates without complex addition process,and enhancing operational feasibility.Meanwhile,the by-products of MFAGs could be applied as monomers in varnishes and protective coatings,which increased the value of the products.Thus,this investigation providing an alternative way to produce biodiesel,and providing a new pathway for the sustainable development of biodiesel.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3505301)the National Key R&D Program of Shanxi Province(202302050201014)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12304148)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shanxi Province(202203021222219)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M731452)。
文摘Previous studies have demonstrated that increasing Fe doping content can enhance the saturation magnetization and maximum energy product of 2:17-type Sm-Co rare-earth permanent magnets.Howeve r,syste matic theo retical calculations and the effects of other transition metal dopants have yet to be explored.This study employed first-principles computational methods to investigate the effects of doping with 3d and Zr transition metal elements on the structural stability,magnetic properties,and electronic structure of Sm_(2)Co_(17)permanent magnets.The results indicate that Sc and Zr tend to occupy the Sm-6c site,while Ni,Cu and Zn preferentially occupy the 18h site,and Ti,V,Cr,Mn and Fe primarily occupy the Co-6c site.Except for V and Cu,all other elements effectively improve the structural stability of the doped systems.Additionally,Mn and Fe doping can significantly enhance the total magnetic moment and magnetocrystalline anisotropy energies of the Sm_(2)Co_(17)system,while Cr only increases the total magnetic moment.More importantly,doping with Cr,Mn and Fe within the doping co ntent range of9.8 at%<x<35.29 at% can simultaneously improve the structural stability,total magnetic moment and magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy of the Sm_(2)Co_(17) system.Our study provides valuable theoretical guidance for experimental exploration and is expected to promote the development and application of novel rare-earth permanent magnetic materials.
基金Science and Technology Program Project of Jiangxi Provincial Health Commission(Grant No.202210200).
文摘The aim of this study is to analyze factors influencing the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)within 28 d after birth in very-low-birth-weight(VLBW)infants with a gestational age of less than 34 weeks who were receiving early parenteral nutrition.Data were retrospectively collected from infants born between January and December 2021,who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit within 24 h of birth,had a gestational age of less than 34 weeks,and were classified as VLBW.The study included 14 cases without BPD and 20 cases with BPD,and it compared clinical data during hospitalization between these two groups.On the 1st day of life,the BPD group had a nitrogen-to-calorie ratio of 105.44±26.67,while the non-BPD group had a ratio of 146.81±37.04.This difference was statistically significant,with a P-value of 0.04,indicating a potential association between the nitrogen-to-calorie ratio and the development of BPD.However,no significant differences were observed in other clinical indicators between the two groups.These findings suggested that a larger sample size was needed to further explore and confirm the correlation between the nitrogen-to-calorie ratio and the risk of developing BPD in this population.
文摘Organic electrode materials(OEMs)have garnered great attention for aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs)owing to their flexible designability and sustainable resources.However,the sluggish reaction kinetics and low active site utilization have strongly restricted their development due to the competitive coordination of H^(+)and Zn^(2+)in weakly acidic zinc electrolytes.Herein,we design a symmetric naphthoquinone-based cathode,2,3-dimethoxynaphthalene-1,4-dione(DMeNQ),with rational functional groups to facilitate proton coordination chemistry and accomplish improved ability to capture with zinc ion.The carbonyl and methoxy groups on the DMeNQ construct hydrogen bond networks and serve as a“proton pump”to expedite proton conduction through the Grotthuss-type mechanism.Density functional theory calculations have visualized the formation of“ion traps,”while in situ Raman spectra have tracked the reversible evolution of the active sites.Accordingly,the DMeNQ delivers a high capacity of 245mAhg^(−1)(99.6%utilization of the active groups)and a long lifetime of 50,000 cycles at 40 C in AZIBs.In addition,the DMeNQ also possesses a superior rate capability of 85mAh g^(−1)and a satisfactory cycle life of over 150,000 cycles at 400 C in proton batteries.Our results provide an effective pathway for high-performance OEMs.
