Energy storage plays a critical role in sustainable development,with secondary batteries serving as vital technologies for efficient energy conversion and utilization.This review provides a comprehensive summary of re...Energy storage plays a critical role in sustainable development,with secondary batteries serving as vital technologies for efficient energy conversion and utilization.This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advancements across various battery systems,including lithium-ion,sodium-ion,potassium-ion,and multivalent metal-ion batteries such as magnesium,zinc,calcium,and aluminum.Emerging technologies,including dual-ion,redox flow,and anion batteries,are also discussed.Particular attention is given to alkali metal rechargeable systems,such as lithium-sulfur,lithium-air,sodium-sulfur,sodium-selenium,potassium-sulfur,potassium-selenium,potassium-air,and zinc-air batteries,which have shown significant promise for high-energy applications.The optimization of key components—cathodes,anodes,electrolytes,and interfaces—is extensively analyzed,supported by advanced characterization techniques like time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(TOF-SIMS),synchrotron radiation,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),and in-situ spectroscopy.Moreover,sustainable strategies for recycling spent batteries,including pyrometallurgy,hydrometallurgy,and direct recycling,are critically evaluated to mitigate environmental impacts and resource scarcity.This review not only highlights the latest technological breakthroughs but also identifies key challenges in reaction mechanisms,material design,system integration,and waste battery recycling,and presents a roadmap for advancing high-performance and sustainable battery technologies.展开更多
OBJECTIVE：This meta-analysis was performed to systematically assess the efficacy and safety of the Chinese herbal medicine Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction（HGWWD） for treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy.DATA SOUR...OBJECTIVE：This meta-analysis was performed to systematically assess the efficacy and safety of the Chinese herbal medicine Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction（HGWWD） for treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy.DATA SOURCES：Six electronic databases,including the Cochrane Library,MEDLINE database,Chinese Biomedical Database,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,Chinese Science and Technique Journals Database,and the Wanfang Database,were search ed on the internet for randomized controlled trials published up until 1 December 2015.The search terms included ＂Chinese herbal medicine＂,＂diabetic peripheral neuropathy＂ and ＂randomized controlled trials＂ in Chinese and in English.DATA SELECTION：We included randomized controlled trials using HGWWD/modified HGWWD for the treatment group,without restriction for the control group.We assessed literature quality in accordance with the Cochrane Review Handbook.A random or a fixed effects model was used to analyze outcomes using Rev Man 5.2 software.OUTCOME MEASURES：The primary outcomes were changes in symptoms and nerve conduction velocities.The secondary outcomeswere fasting blood glucose and hemorheological indexes.RESULTS：Sixteen randomized controlled trials,with a total of 1,173 patients,were included.Meta-analysis revealed that the efficacy of HGWWD for diabetic peripheral neuropathy was significantly superior compared with the control treatment（i.e.,control group）（risk ratio = 0.36,95% confidence interval（CI）：0.29–0.46,Z =8.33,P 〈 0.00001） Compared with the control group,there was an increase in median motor nerve conduction velocity（mean difference（MD） = 3.46,95%CI：1.88–5.04,Z = 4.30,P 〈 0.01） and median sensory nerve conduction velocity（MD = 3.30,95%CI：2.04–4.56,Z = 5.14,P 〈 0.01）.There was also an increase in peroneal motor nerve conduction velocity（MD = 3.22,95%CI：2.45–3.98,Z = 8.21,P 〈 0.01） and peroneal sensory nerve conduction velocity（MD = 3.05,95%CI：2.01–4.09,Z = 5.75,P 〈 0.01） in the treatment groups.No significant difference in fasting blood glucose was found between the treatment groups and the control groups（MD =-0.12,95%CI：-0.42–0.19,Z = 0.76,P = 0.45）.Plasma viscosity was significantly decreased after treatment（MD =-0.11,95%CI：-0.21 to-0.02,Z = 2.30,P = 0.02）.No significant difference in fibrinogen was detectable（MD =-0.53,95%CI：-1.28–0.22,Z = 1.38,P = 0.17）.Four trials reported that treatment groups experienced no adverse reactions.Adverse events were not mentioned in the other 12 trials.No trial reported the incidence of complications,quality of life outcomes,or health economics.CONCLUSION：HGWWD treatment improves diabetic neurologic symptoms and ameliorates nerve conduction velocities.Our study suggests that HGWWD may have significant therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.However,the methodological quality of the randomized controlled trials was generally low.Larger and better-designed randomized controlled trials are required to more reliably assess the clinical effectiveness of HGWWD.展开更多
Dongping Lake area,located in the lower reaches of Yellow River,is an ideal place to study the changes of modern river and lake sedimentary environment.The sediment samples of Dawen River,Yellow River,and Dongping Lak...Dongping Lake area,located in the lower reaches of Yellow River,is an ideal place to study the changes of modern river and lake sedimentary environment.The sediment samples of Dawen River,Yellow River,and Dongping Lake were collected,and the major elements,trace elements and organic matter geochemical composition of the samples were analyzed.Cluster analysis,characteristic element ratio method and graphic method were used to explore the geochemical characteristics of sediments and their environmental implication.The results show that the contents of SiO_(2),Na_(2)O,TiO_(2) and Zr in sediments of Dawen River and Yellow River are relatively high,and the contents of iron and manganese oxides,organic matter,CaO,P2O5 and Sr in lake sediments are relatively high.That reveals the differences of sedimentary environments between the rivers and the lake.The contents of Sr and Zr in Dawen River are affected by the rapid migration of clastic materials in the upstream carbonate source area during the flood season;the δCe,ΣREE and REE’s ratios in the sediments of the Yellow River reflect the influence of the Loess source;and the distribution of elements changes along the flow direction during the flood season.The characteristics of pH,element composition and LREE&HREE fractionation of the lake sediments indicate that the sediment source is complex,and the lake environment is affected by the flood season.The study shows that the geochemical content and its variation characteristics of sediments effectively reveal the sedimentary environment,material composition and characteristics of flood season of rivers and the lake in the study area.展开更多
The rapid development of micro-electronics raises the demand of their power sources to be simplified,miniaturized and highly integratable with other electronics on a chip.In-plane Micro-sized energy storage devices(ME...The rapid development of micro-electronics raises the demand of their power sources to be simplified,miniaturized and highly integratable with other electronics on a chip.In-plane Micro-sized energy storage devices(MESDs),which are composed of interdigitated electrodes on a single chip,have aroused particular attentions since they could be easily integrated with other miniaturized electronics,reducing the complexity of overall chip design via removing complex interconnections with bulky power sources.This review highlights the achievements in the device fabrication of in-plane MESDs,as well as their integration and intelligent designs.We also discussed the current challenges and future perspectives for the development of in-plane MESDs.展开更多
Mesozoic intermediate-felsic magmatic rocks in the eastern North China Craton commonly show geochemical similarity to adakites.However,the lack of direct constraints from partial melting experiments at high pressures ...Mesozoic intermediate-felsic magmatic rocks in the eastern North China Craton commonly show geochemical similarity to adakites.However,the lack of direct constraints from partial melting experiments at high pressures and temperatures fuels a debate over the origin of these rocks.In this work,we performed partial melting experiments at 1.5 GPa and 800–950℃on amphibolite samples collected from the vicinity of the Mesozoic potassium-rich adakitic rocks in the Zhangjiakou area,northern margin of the North China Craton.The experimental melts range from granitic to granodioritic compositions,with SiO_(2)=56.4–72.6 wt.%,Al_(2)O_(3)=16.1–19.3 wt.%,FeO^(*)=2.4–9.6 wt.%,MgO=0.3–2.0 wt.%,CaO=0.6–3.8 wt.%,Na_(2)O=4.7–5.3 wt.%,and K_(2)O=2.6–3.9 wt.%,which are in the ranges of the surrounding Mesozoic potassium-rich adakitic rocks,except for the higher Al_(2)O_(3)contents and the data point at 1.5 GPa and 800℃.Trace element compositions of the melts measured by LA-ICP-MS are rich in Sr(849–1067 ppm)and light rare earth elements(LREEs)and poor in Y(<10.4 ppm)and Yb(<0.88 ppm),and have high Sr/Y(102–221)and(La/Yb)n(27–41)ratios and strongly fractionated rare earth element(REE)patterns,whereas no obvious negative Eu anomalies are observed.The geochemical characteristics show overall similarity to the Mesozoic potassium-rich adakitic rocks in the area,especially adakites with low Mg#,again except for the data point at 1.5 GPa and 800℃.The results suggest that partial melting of amphibolite can produce potassium-rich adakitic rocks with low Mg#in the eastern North China Craton under the experimental conditions of 1.5 GPa and 850–950℃.The experimental restites consist of hornblende(Hbl)+plagioclase(Pl)+garnet(Grt)±clinopyroxene(Cpx),a mineral assemblage significantly different from that of the nearby Hannuoba mafic granulite xenoliths which consist of Cpx+orthopyroxene(Opx)+Pl±Grt.Chemically,the experimental restites contain higher Al_(2)O_(3)but lower MgO and CaO than the Hannuoba mafic granulite xenoliths.We therefore argue that the Hannuoba mafic granulite xenoliths cannot represent the direct products of partial melting of the experimental amphibolite.展开更多
BACKGROUND Keratosis pilaris is a hereditary abnormal keratosis of the hair follicle orifice.Gray-brown keratotic plugs in the pores and dark red keratotic papules at the openings of hair follicles can be seen,which c...BACKGROUND Keratosis pilaris is a hereditary abnormal keratosis of the hair follicle orifice.Gray-brown keratotic plugs in the pores and dark red keratotic papules at the openings of hair follicles can be seen,which contain coiled hair and are often accompanied by perifollicular erythema and pigmentation.Glycolic acid can correct the abnormalities of hair follicular duct keratosis and eliminate excessive accumulation of keratinocytes.It also promotes skin metabolism and accelerates the melanin metabolism.The therapeutic effect is related to the glycolic acid concentration.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a high concentration of glycolic acid in the treatment of keratosis pilaris,and to observe the outcomes at 5-year of follow-up.METHODS Twenty-five participants were recruited and areas with typical keratosis pilaris were selected as testing sites.High concentrations of glycolic acid(50%or 70%)were applied to a circular area(d=8 cm,S=50 cm2)and repeated four times,on days 0,20,40 and 60.Before each treatment and 20 d after the last treatment,on days 0,20,40,60,and 80 and at a 5-year follow-up,The number of follicular keratotic papules were counted and the extent of perifollicular erythema and pigmentation was determined.At the same time,the participants provided subjective evaluations of treatment efficacy and safety.RESULTS Treatment effectiveness was indicated by the percentage of keratotic papules in the test site,on days 20,40,60 and 80,which were 8%,12%,36%,and 60%,respectively.Compared with day 0,each difference was significant(P<0.05).Compared with day 0,differences in melanin content(M)in the skin and skin lightness(L)on days 40,60 and 80,the were statistically significant(P<0.05);skin hemoglobin content(E)on days 60 and 80 was statistically different as compared with before treatment(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the number of keratotic papules,M,L,and E in 9 participants at the 5-year follow-up compared with before treatment(P>0.05%).CONCLUSION A high concentration of glycolic acid significantly improved skin roughness as well as follicular hyperpigmentation of patients with keratosis pilaris.The treatment was relatively safe,but there was no significant difference at the 5-year follow-up compared to before treatment.展开更多
The recent boom in flexible and wearable electronics requires their powersources not only to be adequately compact but also could undergo extremedeformation without significant degradation in performance. Here, flexib...The recent boom in flexible and wearable electronics requires their powersources not only to be adequately compact but also could undergo extremedeformation without significant degradation in performance. Here, flexibleand tailorable quasi‐solid‐state microsized Ag/Zn batteries (micro‐AZBs)were designed by combining mask‐assisted spray printing and electrochemicaldeposition strategies. The micro‐AZBs display ultrastable outputvoltage, excellent energy, and power densities, as well as stable cycling performance.Furthermore, the micro‐AZBs with desired shapes can be designedin series or in parallel on a flexible chip to output improved voltage or currentwith the internal connection. More importantly, the microelectrodes could besprayed on various substrates. Flexible micro‐AZBs could be achieved onflexible substrates and tailorable micro‐AZBs are obtained when they arefabricated on clothes. They exhibit stable electrochemical performance evenunder bending or cutting states. The novel design of such quasi‐solid‐statemicro‐AZBs would pave a way for the miniaturization and integration ofenergy storage devices.展开更多
The recent boom in large-scale energy storage system promotes the development of lithium-oxygen batteries because of their high theo retical energy density.However,their applications are still limited by the sluggish ...The recent boom in large-scale energy storage system promotes the development of lithium-oxygen batteries because of their high theo retical energy density.However,their applications are still limited by the sluggish kinetic,insoluble discharge product deposition and the undesired parasitic reaction.Herein,the free-standing nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide/Co(OH)_(2)(NRGO/Co(OH)_(2)) composite films were prepared by a facile hydrothermal method,The NRGO/Co(OH)_(2) composite films display interconnected three-dimensional conductive network,which can not only promote the diffusion of O2 and the transport of electrolyte ions,but also provide abundant storage space for discharge products.Moreover,the introduction of nitrogen-containing functional groups results in improved conductivity and electron adsorption ability,which can facilitate electron transport and enhance the surface catalytic activity.Combining with excellent catalytic performance,the lithium-oxygen batteries with NRGO/Co(OH)_(2) composite film cathodes deliver low charge overpotential and excellent cycling performance.展开更多
Introducing moderate iodide vacancies in halide perovskites has been frequently observed to form n-type doping effect and optimize the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,it has bee...Introducing moderate iodide vacancies in halide perovskites has been frequently observed to form n-type doping effect and optimize the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,it has been widely recognized that iodide vacancies are mobile and photochemically detrimental.Herein,tris(2-aminoethyl)amine(TAEA),a branched molecule containing three primary amino groups and one tertiary amino group,is reported to passivate the undercoordinated Pb^(2+)ions and meanwhile n-dope the perovskite surface with its multiple amino groups.After TAEA post-treatment,the PSCs show robustly improved fill factor(FF)from 76.2%to 82.9%,improved open-circuit voltage(VOC)from 1.08 to 1.16 V,and enhanced PCE from 19.4%to 23.4%.Moreover,the oxygen stability of the TAEA treated perovskite film has been substantially improved simultaneously,which is essentially different from the decreased oxygen stability in the case of using iodide vacancy as the n-dopant.Benefited from the iodide vacancies filling effect by TAEA,the activation energy(Ea)of ions migration in perovskites also increased from 0.43 to 0.67 eV.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A20311 and 22409147)。
文摘Energy storage plays a critical role in sustainable development,with secondary batteries serving as vital technologies for efficient energy conversion and utilization.This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advancements across various battery systems,including lithium-ion,sodium-ion,potassium-ion,and multivalent metal-ion batteries such as magnesium,zinc,calcium,and aluminum.Emerging technologies,including dual-ion,redox flow,and anion batteries,are also discussed.Particular attention is given to alkali metal rechargeable systems,such as lithium-sulfur,lithium-air,sodium-sulfur,sodium-selenium,potassium-sulfur,potassium-selenium,potassium-air,and zinc-air batteries,which have shown significant promise for high-energy applications.The optimization of key components—cathodes,anodes,electrolytes,and interfaces—is extensively analyzed,supported by advanced characterization techniques like time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(TOF-SIMS),synchrotron radiation,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),and in-situ spectroscopy.Moreover,sustainable strategies for recycling spent batteries,including pyrometallurgy,hydrometallurgy,and direct recycling,are critically evaluated to mitigate environmental impacts and resource scarcity.This review not only highlights the latest technological breakthroughs but also identifies key challenges in reaction mechanisms,material design,system integration,and waste battery recycling,and presents a roadmap for advancing high-performance and sustainable battery technologies.
基金supported by a grant from the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program),No.2010CB530600Institutes Project from Guang’anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,No.2011261
文摘OBJECTIVE：This meta-analysis was performed to systematically assess the efficacy and safety of the Chinese herbal medicine Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction（HGWWD） for treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy.DATA SOURCES：Six electronic databases,including the Cochrane Library,MEDLINE database,Chinese Biomedical Database,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,Chinese Science and Technique Journals Database,and the Wanfang Database,were search ed on the internet for randomized controlled trials published up until 1 December 2015.The search terms included ＂Chinese herbal medicine＂,＂diabetic peripheral neuropathy＂ and ＂randomized controlled trials＂ in Chinese and in English.DATA SELECTION：We included randomized controlled trials using HGWWD/modified HGWWD for the treatment group,without restriction for the control group.We assessed literature quality in accordance with the Cochrane Review Handbook.A random or a fixed effects model was used to analyze outcomes using Rev Man 5.2 software.OUTCOME MEASURES：The primary outcomes were changes in symptoms and nerve conduction velocities.The secondary outcomeswere fasting blood glucose and hemorheological indexes.RESULTS：Sixteen randomized controlled trials,with a total of 1,173 patients,were included.Meta-analysis revealed that the efficacy of HGWWD for diabetic peripheral neuropathy was significantly superior compared with the control treatment（i.e.,control group）（risk ratio = 0.36,95% confidence interval（CI）：0.29–0.46,Z =8.33,P 〈 0.00001） Compared with the control group,there was an increase in median motor nerve conduction velocity（mean difference（MD） = 3.46,95%CI：1.88–5.04,Z = 4.30,P 〈 0.01） and median sensory nerve conduction velocity（MD = 3.30,95%CI：2.04–4.56,Z = 5.14,P 〈 0.01）.There was also an increase in peroneal motor nerve conduction velocity（MD = 3.22,95%CI：2.45–3.98,Z = 8.21,P 〈 0.01） and peroneal sensory nerve conduction velocity（MD = 3.05,95%CI：2.01–4.09,Z = 5.75,P 〈 0.01） in the treatment groups.No significant difference in fasting blood glucose was found between the treatment groups and the control groups（MD =-0.12,95%CI：-0.42–0.19,Z = 0.76,P = 0.45）.Plasma viscosity was significantly decreased after treatment（MD =-0.11,95%CI：-0.21 to-0.02,Z = 2.30,P = 0.02）.No significant difference in fibrinogen was detectable（MD =-0.53,95%CI：-1.28–0.22,Z = 1.38,P = 0.17）.Four trials reported that treatment groups experienced no adverse reactions.Adverse events were not mentioned in the other 12 trials.No trial reported the incidence of complications,quality of life outcomes,or health economics.CONCLUSION：HGWWD treatment improves diabetic neurologic symptoms and ameliorates nerve conduction velocities.Our study suggests that HGWWD may have significant therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.However,the methodological quality of the randomized controlled trials was generally low.Larger and better-designed randomized controlled trials are required to more reliably assess the clinical effectiveness of HGWWD.
基金This study was supported by Opening Fund of Provincial Key Lab of Applied Nuclear Techniques in Geosciences(No.201904)Key Scientific and Technological Project(No.KY201957)of Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources.
文摘Dongping Lake area,located in the lower reaches of Yellow River,is an ideal place to study the changes of modern river and lake sedimentary environment.The sediment samples of Dawen River,Yellow River,and Dongping Lake were collected,and the major elements,trace elements and organic matter geochemical composition of the samples were analyzed.Cluster analysis,characteristic element ratio method and graphic method were used to explore the geochemical characteristics of sediments and their environmental implication.The results show that the contents of SiO_(2),Na_(2)O,TiO_(2) and Zr in sediments of Dawen River and Yellow River are relatively high,and the contents of iron and manganese oxides,organic matter,CaO,P2O5 and Sr in lake sediments are relatively high.That reveals the differences of sedimentary environments between the rivers and the lake.The contents of Sr and Zr in Dawen River are affected by the rapid migration of clastic materials in the upstream carbonate source area during the flood season;the δCe,ΣREE and REE’s ratios in the sediments of the Yellow River reflect the influence of the Loess source;and the distribution of elements changes along the flow direction during the flood season.The characteristics of pH,element composition and LREE&HREE fractionation of the lake sediments indicate that the sediment source is complex,and the lake environment is affected by the flood season.The study shows that the geochemical content and its variation characteristics of sediments effectively reveal the sedimentary environment,material composition and characteristics of flood season of rivers and the lake in the study area.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2019YFA0705600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51822205,21875121)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(Grant Nos.18JCJQJC46300,19JCZDJC31900)the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.B12015)the “Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter”,Nankai University(Grant No.63181206)。
文摘The rapid development of micro-electronics raises the demand of their power sources to be simplified,miniaturized and highly integratable with other electronics on a chip.In-plane Micro-sized energy storage devices(MESDs),which are composed of interdigitated electrodes on a single chip,have aroused particular attentions since they could be easily integrated with other miniaturized electronics,reducing the complexity of overall chip design via removing complex interconnections with bulky power sources.This review highlights the achievements in the device fabrication of in-plane MESDs,as well as their integration and intelligent designs.We also discussed the current challenges and future perspectives for the development of in-plane MESDs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41772043 and 41802043)the Chinese Academy of Sciences“Light of West China”Program(Dawei Fan,2017 and Jingui Xu,2019)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(Dawei Fan,2018434)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Funding of High-Level Overseas Talents of Guizhou Province(Dawei Fan,[2019]10).
文摘Mesozoic intermediate-felsic magmatic rocks in the eastern North China Craton commonly show geochemical similarity to adakites.However,the lack of direct constraints from partial melting experiments at high pressures and temperatures fuels a debate over the origin of these rocks.In this work,we performed partial melting experiments at 1.5 GPa and 800–950℃on amphibolite samples collected from the vicinity of the Mesozoic potassium-rich adakitic rocks in the Zhangjiakou area,northern margin of the North China Craton.The experimental melts range from granitic to granodioritic compositions,with SiO_(2)=56.4–72.6 wt.%,Al_(2)O_(3)=16.1–19.3 wt.%,FeO^(*)=2.4–9.6 wt.%,MgO=0.3–2.0 wt.%,CaO=0.6–3.8 wt.%,Na_(2)O=4.7–5.3 wt.%,and K_(2)O=2.6–3.9 wt.%,which are in the ranges of the surrounding Mesozoic potassium-rich adakitic rocks,except for the higher Al_(2)O_(3)contents and the data point at 1.5 GPa and 800℃.Trace element compositions of the melts measured by LA-ICP-MS are rich in Sr(849–1067 ppm)and light rare earth elements(LREEs)and poor in Y(<10.4 ppm)and Yb(<0.88 ppm),and have high Sr/Y(102–221)and(La/Yb)n(27–41)ratios and strongly fractionated rare earth element(REE)patterns,whereas no obvious negative Eu anomalies are observed.The geochemical characteristics show overall similarity to the Mesozoic potassium-rich adakitic rocks in the area,especially adakites with low Mg#,again except for the data point at 1.5 GPa and 800℃.The results suggest that partial melting of amphibolite can produce potassium-rich adakitic rocks with low Mg#in the eastern North China Craton under the experimental conditions of 1.5 GPa and 850–950℃.The experimental restites consist of hornblende(Hbl)+plagioclase(Pl)+garnet(Grt)±clinopyroxene(Cpx),a mineral assemblage significantly different from that of the nearby Hannuoba mafic granulite xenoliths which consist of Cpx+orthopyroxene(Opx)+Pl±Grt.Chemically,the experimental restites contain higher Al_(2)O_(3)but lower MgO and CaO than the Hannuoba mafic granulite xenoliths.We therefore argue that the Hannuoba mafic granulite xenoliths cannot represent the direct products of partial melting of the experimental amphibolite.
文摘BACKGROUND Keratosis pilaris is a hereditary abnormal keratosis of the hair follicle orifice.Gray-brown keratotic plugs in the pores and dark red keratotic papules at the openings of hair follicles can be seen,which contain coiled hair and are often accompanied by perifollicular erythema and pigmentation.Glycolic acid can correct the abnormalities of hair follicular duct keratosis and eliminate excessive accumulation of keratinocytes.It also promotes skin metabolism and accelerates the melanin metabolism.The therapeutic effect is related to the glycolic acid concentration.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a high concentration of glycolic acid in the treatment of keratosis pilaris,and to observe the outcomes at 5-year of follow-up.METHODS Twenty-five participants were recruited and areas with typical keratosis pilaris were selected as testing sites.High concentrations of glycolic acid(50%or 70%)were applied to a circular area(d=8 cm,S=50 cm2)and repeated four times,on days 0,20,40 and 60.Before each treatment and 20 d after the last treatment,on days 0,20,40,60,and 80 and at a 5-year follow-up,The number of follicular keratotic papules were counted and the extent of perifollicular erythema and pigmentation was determined.At the same time,the participants provided subjective evaluations of treatment efficacy and safety.RESULTS Treatment effectiveness was indicated by the percentage of keratotic papules in the test site,on days 20,40,60 and 80,which were 8%,12%,36%,and 60%,respectively.Compared with day 0,each difference was significant(P<0.05).Compared with day 0,differences in melanin content(M)in the skin and skin lightness(L)on days 40,60 and 80,the were statistically significant(P<0.05);skin hemoglobin content(E)on days 60 and 80 was statistically different as compared with before treatment(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the number of keratotic papules,M,L,and E in 9 participants at the 5-year follow-up compared with before treatment(P>0.05%).CONCLUSION A high concentration of glycolic acid significantly improved skin roughness as well as follicular hyperpigmentation of patients with keratosis pilaris.The treatment was relatively safe,but there was no significant difference at the 5-year follow-up compared to before treatment.
基金This study was supported by National Key R&D Programof China(Grant No.2017YFA0206701)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51822205 and 21875121)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2019M650045)Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.B12015)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(Grant No.18JCJQJC46300).
文摘The recent boom in flexible and wearable electronics requires their powersources not only to be adequately compact but also could undergo extremedeformation without significant degradation in performance. Here, flexibleand tailorable quasi‐solid‐state microsized Ag/Zn batteries (micro‐AZBs)were designed by combining mask‐assisted spray printing and electrochemicaldeposition strategies. The micro‐AZBs display ultrastable outputvoltage, excellent energy, and power densities, as well as stable cycling performance.Furthermore, the micro‐AZBs with desired shapes can be designedin series or in parallel on a flexible chip to output improved voltage or currentwith the internal connection. More importantly, the microelectrodes could besprayed on various substrates. Flexible micro‐AZBs could be achieved onflexible substrates and tailorable micro‐AZBs are obtained when they arefabricated on clothes. They exhibit stable electrochemical performance evenunder bending or cutting states. The novel design of such quasi‐solid‐statemicro‐AZBs would pave a way for the miniaturization and integration ofenergy storage devices.
基金supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No.2017YFA0206701)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51822205 and 21875121)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2019M650045)。
文摘The recent boom in large-scale energy storage system promotes the development of lithium-oxygen batteries because of their high theo retical energy density.However,their applications are still limited by the sluggish kinetic,insoluble discharge product deposition and the undesired parasitic reaction.Herein,the free-standing nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide/Co(OH)_(2)(NRGO/Co(OH)_(2)) composite films were prepared by a facile hydrothermal method,The NRGO/Co(OH)_(2) composite films display interconnected three-dimensional conductive network,which can not only promote the diffusion of O2 and the transport of electrolyte ions,but also provide abundant storage space for discharge products.Moreover,the introduction of nitrogen-containing functional groups results in improved conductivity and electron adsorption ability,which can facilitate electron transport and enhance the surface catalytic activity.Combining with excellent catalytic performance,the lithium-oxygen batteries with NRGO/Co(OH)_(2) composite film cathodes deliver low charge overpotential and excellent cycling performance.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52273202 and 62104261)Y.B.Y.and Y.L.acknowledge the program of the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Nos.2025JJ30026 and 2023JJ40695)+2 种基金L.M.D.and Y.B.Y.acknowledge financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFB3803300 and 2023YFE0116800)Y.B.Y.and Y.Z.acknowledge the Key Project of the Natural Science Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.2023D01D03)L.M.D.acknowledges the financial support from the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.IS23037).
文摘Introducing moderate iodide vacancies in halide perovskites has been frequently observed to form n-type doping effect and optimize the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,it has been widely recognized that iodide vacancies are mobile and photochemically detrimental.Herein,tris(2-aminoethyl)amine(TAEA),a branched molecule containing three primary amino groups and one tertiary amino group,is reported to passivate the undercoordinated Pb^(2+)ions and meanwhile n-dope the perovskite surface with its multiple amino groups.After TAEA post-treatment,the PSCs show robustly improved fill factor(FF)from 76.2%to 82.9%,improved open-circuit voltage(VOC)from 1.08 to 1.16 V,and enhanced PCE from 19.4%to 23.4%.Moreover,the oxygen stability of the TAEA treated perovskite film has been substantially improved simultaneously,which is essentially different from the decreased oxygen stability in the case of using iodide vacancy as the n-dopant.Benefited from the iodide vacancies filling effect by TAEA,the activation energy(Ea)of ions migration in perovskites also increased from 0.43 to 0.67 eV.
