以云南产卡布里品种鹰嘴豆为原料,采用碱溶酸沉法提取鹰嘴豆蛋白,并分别通过单因素实验和响应面法对蛋白质的提取工艺条件进行优化,然后采用半微量凯氏定氮法测定所提取鹰嘴豆蛋白粉的纯度。结果表明,最佳工艺为液料比12∶1 m L/g,碱溶p...以云南产卡布里品种鹰嘴豆为原料,采用碱溶酸沉法提取鹰嘴豆蛋白,并分别通过单因素实验和响应面法对蛋白质的提取工艺条件进行优化,然后采用半微量凯氏定氮法测定所提取鹰嘴豆蛋白粉的纯度。结果表明,最佳工艺为液料比12∶1 m L/g,碱溶p H10,碱溶时间120 min,在此条件下,脱脂鹰嘴豆蛋白的得率达12.66%±0.14%,与理论值相差2.39%。经过凯氏定氮法测定,用本论文优化方法所提取鹰嘴豆蛋白粉的纯度为77.82%±0.53%,优于已有提取方法,表明利用该论文提出的优化条件可以获得更高纯度的鹰嘴豆蛋白粉。展开更多
目的探讨FAST、急诊卒中识别(recognition of stroke in the emergency room,ROSIER)、洛杉矶院前卒中筛查(Los Angeles prehospital stroke screen,LAPSS)三种卒中筛查量表在社区疑诊卒中患者快速转诊中的应用价值。方法纳入2018年1月-...目的探讨FAST、急诊卒中识别(recognition of stroke in the emergency room,ROSIER)、洛杉矶院前卒中筛查(Los Angeles prehospital stroke screen,LAPSS)三种卒中筛查量表在社区疑诊卒中患者快速转诊中的应用价值。方法纳入2018年1月-2019年9月在北京市昌平区东小口社区卫生服务中心和延庆区永宁社区卫生服务中心就诊的疑似卒中患者,分别用FAST、ROSIER、LAPSS三种量表进行卒中初筛,按照上级医院患者最终诊断分为卒中组和非卒中组,比较三种评价量表筛查卒中的准确率、灵敏度和特异度。结果共纳入309例患者,平均年龄70.5±11.6岁,其中男性156例(50.5%)。卒中组243例(78.6%),非卒中组66例(21.4%)。FAST、ROSIER和LAPSS三种量表筛查卒中的准确率分别为92.2%、71.5%、67.3%(P<0.001),灵敏度分别为94.2%、66.3%、60.5%(P<0.001),特异度分别为84.8%、90.9%、92.4%(P=0.327);进一步两两比较,FAST量表准确率、灵敏度均高于ROSIER和LAPSS量表(均P<0.001)。结论FAST量表的应用价值较好,适合社区医生作为初诊疑似卒中患者快速转诊的判断工具。展开更多
1.Introduction Engineering science and technology is an important driving force in changing the world,and engineering frontiers(here referred to as“engineering fronts”)are important guidelines for future directions ...1.Introduction Engineering science and technology is an important driving force in changing the world,and engineering frontiers(here referred to as“engineering fronts”)are important guidelines for future directions in the development of engineering science and technology.Grasping trends in global engineering science and technology and quickly adapting to new directions in the current scientific and technological revolution have become strategic choices for countries all over the world.Since 2017,the Chinese Academy of Engineering has organized the Engineering Fronts research project,together with Clarivate Analytics and Higher Education Press,with the hope of bringing together the expert knowledge of global engineering and technology talents,assessing global frontiers in engineering research and development,and developing strategic opportunities to provide a reference for active responses to global challenges and sustainable development.展开更多
In this paper, we describe a simple and efficient synthesis of gold nanoparticles(GNPs) of various shapes(spherical, rod-like, hexagonal, truncated triangular, and triangular) using Au(Ⅲ) reduction in aqueous solutio...In this paper, we describe a simple and efficient synthesis of gold nanoparticles(GNPs) of various shapes(spherical, rod-like, hexagonal, truncated triangular, and triangular) using Au(Ⅲ) reduction in aqueous solutions by L-tryptophan. We evaluated the influences of reaction temperature, foreign metal ions Ag(Ⅰ), and surfactants of nonionic(polyethylene glycol, PEG), anionic(sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS), and cationic(cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, CTAB) on GNPs synthesis. We characterized the resultant GNPs using UV–visible adsorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy/high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, selected-area electron diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. We fabricated the variously sized GNPs by controlling the rate of the reduction of gold ions in aqueous solution by varying the reaction temperature: the higher the temperature, the smaller the gold nanospheres. We found the existence of Ag(Ⅰ) to reinforce the reduction of Au(Ⅲ) and to correspond with the appearance of some amorphous bimetallic Au/Ag nanoparticles. Additionally, we found the presence of surfactants to greatly influence the shape of the formed GNPs, especially the presence of CTAB, which results in the anisotropic growth of gold nanocrystals into hexagonal, truncated triangular, and triangular nanoplates. In addition, with the increase in CTAB concentration, we found the amount of gold nanoplates to first increase and then decrease. Finally, we performed preliminary explorations of the reduction process and morphological evolution to propose possible corresponding reduction and morphological evolution pathways.展开更多
Common buckwheat(Fagopyrum esculentum),a specialty crop in southwest China,is not only used as a supplement to primary grain crops but also to produce beverages,such as tea and wine.To fully exploit the products made ...Common buckwheat(Fagopyrum esculentum),a specialty crop in southwest China,is not only used as a supplement to primary grain crops but also to produce beverages,such as tea and wine.To fully exploit the products made from common buckwheat flower,ultra-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC–ESI–MS/MS)was conducted to analyze the metabolites in red-(‘Guihong 2’)and white-flowered(‘Fengtian 1’)buckwheat cultivars.A total of 784 metabolites were identified of which flavonoids were the largest group with 191 components,followed by organic acids and derivatives(126),and amino acids and derivatives(95).Besides,dozens of phenylpropanoids,nucleotides and derivates,lipids,alkaloids as well as several kinds of indole derivatives and sterides were detected.Among these rich varieties of metabolites,24 metabolites were only detected in the red flower that mainly included 8 anthocyanins and 6 flavones,while 22 metabolites were only detected in the white flower,which mainly contained 5 lipids,5 flavonoids,and 5 organic acids and derivatives.Our results enrich the metabolites’information of buckwheat and may be helpful for the exploitation of products from common buckwheat flowers.展开更多
This paper presents a thermal management framework for 120 kV hybrid commutated converter(HCC)valves,addressing critical cooling challenges in multi-hundred-MW power conversion systems.Power loss calculations under ra...This paper presents a thermal management framework for 120 kV hybrid commutated converter(HCC)valves,addressing critical cooling challenges in multi-hundred-MW power conversion systems.Power loss calculations under rated(1.0 p.u.)and overload(1.2 p.u.)conditions demonstrate that HCC valves achieve comparable loss levels to line commutated converter counterparts while enabling active turn-off control.Comparative analysis of radiator configurations identifies 2-parallel branch connections as optimal.Integrated thermal-fluid models combining 3D finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics reveal significant temperature gradients and flow maldistribution in baseline designs.On this basis,this paper modifies the flow from equal flow resistance allocation to heat-based allocation and it reduces maximum integrated gate-commutated thyristor temperature rise by 7.3%at 1.2 p.u.with minimal pressure drop variation.Experimental validation confirms the proposed cooling strategy enhances valve safety margins through improved heat dissipation balance,providing a validated theoretical foundation for high-power converter thermal design.展开更多
As a result of the shrinking working age population （aged 15 to 59 years）, all factors that have driven China＇s rapid economic growth over the past 30years tend to diminish from 2010. The present paper estimates th...As a result of the shrinking working age population （aged 15 to 59 years）, all factors that have driven China＇s rapid economic growth over the past 30years tend to diminish from 2010. The present paper estimates the average annual growth rate of potential output to be 7.2percent over the 12th Five-year Plan period and 6.1 percent over the 13th Five-year Plan period. Future sustainable growth requires furthering economic reform in related areas to enhance potential growth. This paper simulates two scenarios in which both an increase in labor force participation and improvement in total factor productivity can significantly enhance the potential GDP growth rate. Relevant policy implications are discussed.展开更多
Background:Aedes albopictus is distributed widely in China,as a primary vector of Dengue fever and Chikungunya fever in south of China.Chemical insecticide control is one of the integrated programmes to prevent mosqui...Background:Aedes albopictus is distributed widely in China,as a primary vector of Dengue fever and Chikungunya fever in south of China.Chemical insecticide control is one of the integrated programmes to prevent mosquito-borne diseases.Long-term applications of pyrethroids have resulted in the development of resistance in Ae.albopictus populations in China.However,the susceptibility of Ae.albopictus to pyrethroids in Hainan Island was unclear.Knockdown resistance(kdr),caused by point mutations in the VGSC gene,is one of the mechanisms that confer resistance to DDT and pyrethroids.This study was to investigate the resistance level of Ae.albopictus populations in Haikou City to three pyrethroid insecticides,and elucidate the relationship between the resistant phenotype and kdr mutations.Methods:The Aedes albopictus samples were collected in Xinbu Island(XI),Longtang Town(LT),Shishan Town(ST),Baishamen Park(BP),and Flower Market(FM)from Haikou City,Hainan Island,China.The larval susceptibility to deltamethrin,permethrin and beta-cypermethrin was tested by larval bioassays,and adult susceptibility to deltamethrin and DDT was determined by adult bioassays.The degree of resistance was determined by resistance ratio value(RR50>3)for larvae and by mortality for adult.The kdr alleles at codon 1534 of the VGSC gene were genotyped.The relationship between kdr genotypes and resistant phenotypes was analyzed by Chi-square test.Results:Out of five populations,assessed by larval bioassays,XI was susceptible to deltamethrin and permethrin;LT was susceptible to permethrin and beta-cypermethrin;and ST was susceptible to permithrin.FM and BP both were resistant to all of the three pyrethroids,and FM showed the highest degree of resistance,with RR50 values from 65.17 to 436.36.A total of 493 individuals from the larval bioassays were genotyped for kdr alleles.Five alleles were detected,including two wildtype alleles,TTC(F)(67.04%)and TTT(F)(0.41%),and three mutant alleles,TGC(C)(0.30%),TCC(S)(31.54%)and TTG(L)(0.71%).There was a clear correlation between mutant alleles(or F1534S)and resistant phenotypes(P<0.01).Conclusion:Two novel kdr mutant alleles F1534S and F1534L were detected in the pyrethroid resistant populations of Ae.albopictus in Haikou Hainan,China.For the first time,the mutant F1534S was associated with pyrethroid resistance in Ae.albopictus.展开更多
Through review of relevant studies and analysis, this article indicates that the ＂middleincome trap ＂ is in line with the framework of the mainstream economic growth theories, and, therefore, it is a useful concept ...Through review of relevant studies and analysis, this article indicates that the ＂middleincome trap ＂ is in line with the framework of the mainstream economic growth theories, and, therefore, it is a useful concept through which we can analyze economic growth phenomena in specific economic growth phases. The empirical experiences of many countries also indicate that at specific middle-income stages, economies with high rates of growth tend to encounter economic slowdown or even stagnation. The article shows that China is facing the challenge of determining how to move smoothly beyond the middle-income stage of economic development, while taking into account the shifting population structure, changing resource endowment and growth patterns. The article, drawing on international experiences, puts forward several policy suggestions relating to improvement in total factor productivity, expansion of human capital accumulation and deepening of system and governmentfunction reforms.展开更多
Using an input--output method, this paper simulates the impacts of the global financial crisis and the decline of exports on China＇s economy and employment. With shrinking external demand, boosting domestic demand be...Using an input--output method, this paper simulates the impacts of the global financial crisis and the decline of exports on China＇s economy and employment. With shrinking external demand, boosting domestic demand becomes crucial for maintaining economic growth and promoting employment. Our simulated results indicate that an investment scenario with employment as a priority can achieve the objective of employment maximization without significantly reducing growth. Public investment should focus on employment, education, health, housing and social security to rebalance China＇s economy so that it can realize sustained and stable economic growth.展开更多
The aims of the present study were to estimate the affinity between 3,5-(E)-bis(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzal)-4-piperidinone hydrochloride(C0818) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and to investigate the inhibitory effect...The aims of the present study were to estimate the affinity between 3,5-(E)-bis(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzal)-4-piperidinone hydrochloride(C0818) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and to investigate the inhibitory effects of this compound on Hsp90 ATPase activity. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to examine the affinity between varying concentrations of C0818 and Hsp90, N-Hsp90, MHsp90 and C-Hsp90. Fluorescence intensities were recorded in the range of 290–510 nm at 293, 303 and 310 K, respectively. A colorimetric assay for inorganic phosphate(based on the formation of a phosphomolybdate complex and the subsequent reaction with malachite green) were used to examine the inhibitory effects of C0818 on Hsp90 ATPase activity. The equilibrium dissociation constant K_D value of C0818 was found to be 23.41270.943 μmol/L. The interaction between C0818 and Hsp90 was driven mainly by electrostatic interactions. C0818 showed the strongest affinity with C-Hsp90. These results conclusively demonstrate the inhibitory activity of C0818 on the activity of Hsp90 ATPase.展开更多
Using apolitical economy analytical framework, the present paper examines the hukou system reform in China. The potential unification of the social welfare system of rural and urban areas is discussed. The paper revie...Using apolitical economy analytical framework, the present paper examines the hukou system reform in China. The potential unification of the social welfare system of rural and urban areas is discussed. The paper reviews the progress ofhukou system reform since 2004. It is suggested that since China met its Lewis turningpoint in about 2004, and a labor shortage became a limiting factor in production, there has been stronger demand for hukou system reform. In the meantime, various levels of government have apoint where incentives are compatibile for carrying out reforms. The paper also explores some limitations of the currently implemented reform in certain regions andputs forwardrelevantpolicy suggestions.展开更多
As the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in children,autism spectrum disorders(ASD)are characterized by deficits in language development,social interaction,and repetitive behaviors or inflexible interests.Co...As the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in children,autism spectrum disorders(ASD)are characterized by deficits in language development,social interaction,and repetitive behaviors or inflexible interests.Contactin associated protein like 2(CNTNAP2),encoding a single transmembrane protein(CNTNAP2)with 1331 amino acid residues,is a widely validated ASD-susceptible gene.展开更多
Presenilins(PSs)are the catalytic core of γ-secretase complex.However,the mechanism of FAD-associated PS mutations in AD pathogenesis still remains elusive.Here we review the general biology and mechanism of γ-secre...Presenilins(PSs)are the catalytic core of γ-secretase complex.However,the mechanism of FAD-associated PS mutations in AD pathogenesis still remains elusive.Here we review the general biology and mechanism of γ-secretase and focus on the catalytic components–presenilins and their biological functions and contributions to the AD pathogenesis.The functions of presenilins are divided into γ-secretase dependent and γ-secretase independent ones.The γ-secretase dependent functions of presenilins are exemplified by the sequential cleavages in the processing of APP and Notch;the γ-secretase independent functions of presenilins include stabilizing β-catenin in Wnt signaling pathway,regulating calcium homeostasis and their interaction with synaptic transmission.展开更多
This paper provides a framework for assessing the health of China＇s macro economy and the sustainability of economic growth by combining supply-side and demand-side factors and by considering their relationship at di...This paper provides a framework for assessing the health of China＇s macro economy and the sustainability of economic growth by combining supply-side and demand-side factors and by considering their relationship at different stages of development. As the Chinese economy passed through its Lewis turning point, weakened supply-side factors caused its growth to slow. The increasing concern regarding the economic slowdown has induced both the central and local governments to implement various stimulus plans through instruments of macroeconomic, industrial and regional policies. By examining where the imbalances of the Chinese economy really lie and investigating the determinants of the current slowdown and of the enhancement of the potential growth rate, the present paper suggests that the best path of action for the Chinese Government is not to stimulate growth through demand-side factors but to increase the potential growth rate through reforms in certain key areas.展开更多
As China’s demographic transition enters a new stage,the“first demographic dividend”-the economic advantage resulting from demographic changes in recent decades-is bound to disappear permanently.China s future deve...As China’s demographic transition enters a new stage,the“first demographic dividend”-the economic advantage resulting from demographic changes in recent decades-is bound to disappear permanently.China s future development will be characterized by an aging population.The“second demographic dividend”refers to new sources of economic growth derived from this later population change.This paper reveals major constraints caused by aging in China,which is characterized by a tendency to grow old before becoming rich.As the population ages,human capital improvement slows,labor force participation declines and consumption power reduces.This paper suggests taking advantage of a population“echo effect”to improve human capital at all ages,to enhance workers’ability to benefit from employment,and to improve the labor participation rate of the elderly,which in turn would increase the income and social security of the aged.These measures are conducive tofuture economic growth and to the cultivation of the second demographic dividend.展开更多
文摘以云南产卡布里品种鹰嘴豆为原料,采用碱溶酸沉法提取鹰嘴豆蛋白,并分别通过单因素实验和响应面法对蛋白质的提取工艺条件进行优化,然后采用半微量凯氏定氮法测定所提取鹰嘴豆蛋白粉的纯度。结果表明,最佳工艺为液料比12∶1 m L/g,碱溶p H10,碱溶时间120 min,在此条件下,脱脂鹰嘴豆蛋白的得率达12.66%±0.14%,与理论值相差2.39%。经过凯氏定氮法测定,用本论文优化方法所提取鹰嘴豆蛋白粉的纯度为77.82%±0.53%,优于已有提取方法,表明利用该论文提出的优化条件可以获得更高纯度的鹰嘴豆蛋白粉。
文摘目的探讨FAST、急诊卒中识别(recognition of stroke in the emergency room,ROSIER)、洛杉矶院前卒中筛查(Los Angeles prehospital stroke screen,LAPSS)三种卒中筛查量表在社区疑诊卒中患者快速转诊中的应用价值。方法纳入2018年1月-2019年9月在北京市昌平区东小口社区卫生服务中心和延庆区永宁社区卫生服务中心就诊的疑似卒中患者,分别用FAST、ROSIER、LAPSS三种量表进行卒中初筛,按照上级医院患者最终诊断分为卒中组和非卒中组,比较三种评价量表筛查卒中的准确率、灵敏度和特异度。结果共纳入309例患者,平均年龄70.5±11.6岁,其中男性156例(50.5%)。卒中组243例(78.6%),非卒中组66例(21.4%)。FAST、ROSIER和LAPSS三种量表筛查卒中的准确率分别为92.2%、71.5%、67.3%(P<0.001),灵敏度分别为94.2%、66.3%、60.5%(P<0.001),特异度分别为84.8%、90.9%、92.4%(P=0.327);进一步两两比较,FAST量表准确率、灵敏度均高于ROSIER和LAPSS量表(均P<0.001)。结论FAST量表的应用价值较好,适合社区医生作为初诊疑似卒中患者快速转诊的判断工具。
文摘1.Introduction Engineering science and technology is an important driving force in changing the world,and engineering frontiers(here referred to as“engineering fronts”)are important guidelines for future directions in the development of engineering science and technology.Grasping trends in global engineering science and technology and quickly adapting to new directions in the current scientific and technological revolution have become strategic choices for countries all over the world.Since 2017,the Chinese Academy of Engineering has organized the Engineering Fronts research project,together with Clarivate Analytics and Higher Education Press,with the hope of bringing together the expert knowledge of global engineering and technology talents,assessing global frontiers in engineering research and development,and developing strategic opportunities to provide a reference for active responses to global challenges and sustainable development.
基金supported by the Independent Innovation Foundation of Tianjin University (No. 2016XZC-0028)
文摘In this paper, we describe a simple and efficient synthesis of gold nanoparticles(GNPs) of various shapes(spherical, rod-like, hexagonal, truncated triangular, and triangular) using Au(Ⅲ) reduction in aqueous solutions by L-tryptophan. We evaluated the influences of reaction temperature, foreign metal ions Ag(Ⅰ), and surfactants of nonionic(polyethylene glycol, PEG), anionic(sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS), and cationic(cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, CTAB) on GNPs synthesis. We characterized the resultant GNPs using UV–visible adsorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy/high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, selected-area electron diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. We fabricated the variously sized GNPs by controlling the rate of the reduction of gold ions in aqueous solution by varying the reaction temperature: the higher the temperature, the smaller the gold nanospheres. We found the existence of Ag(Ⅰ) to reinforce the reduction of Au(Ⅲ) and to correspond with the appearance of some amorphous bimetallic Au/Ag nanoparticles. Additionally, we found the presence of surfactants to greatly influence the shape of the formed GNPs, especially the presence of CTAB, which results in the anisotropic growth of gold nanocrystals into hexagonal, truncated triangular, and triangular nanoplates. In addition, with the increase in CTAB concentration, we found the amount of gold nanoplates to first increase and then decrease. Finally, we performed preliminary explorations of the reduction process and morphological evolution to propose possible corresponding reduction and morphological evolution pathways.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Project of Karst Science Research Center of Guizhou Provincial People’s Government(U1812401)the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(QianKeHeJiChu[2020]1Y095)+3 种基金Guizhou provincial department of education youth science and technology talent growth project(Qianjiaohe KY Zi[2018]128)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31701494,31760419)the Initial Fund for Doctor Research in Guizhou Normal University(11904/0516026)the Earmarked Fund for construction of the Key Laboratory for Conservation and Innovation of Buckwheat Germplasm in Guizhou(QianJiaoHe KY Zi[2017]002).
文摘Common buckwheat(Fagopyrum esculentum),a specialty crop in southwest China,is not only used as a supplement to primary grain crops but also to produce beverages,such as tea and wine.To fully exploit the products made from common buckwheat flower,ultra-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC–ESI–MS/MS)was conducted to analyze the metabolites in red-(‘Guihong 2’)and white-flowered(‘Fengtian 1’)buckwheat cultivars.A total of 784 metabolites were identified of which flavonoids were the largest group with 191 components,followed by organic acids and derivatives(126),and amino acids and derivatives(95).Besides,dozens of phenylpropanoids,nucleotides and derivates,lipids,alkaloids as well as several kinds of indole derivatives and sterides were detected.Among these rich varieties of metabolites,24 metabolites were only detected in the red flower that mainly included 8 anthocyanins and 6 flavones,while 22 metabolites were only detected in the white flower,which mainly contained 5 lipids,5 flavonoids,and 5 organic acids and derivatives.Our results enrich the metabolites’information of buckwheat and may be helpful for the exploitation of products from common buckwheat flowers.
基金National Key Research and Development Program,Grant/Award Number:2023YFB2405900。
文摘This paper presents a thermal management framework for 120 kV hybrid commutated converter(HCC)valves,addressing critical cooling challenges in multi-hundred-MW power conversion systems.Power loss calculations under rated(1.0 p.u.)and overload(1.2 p.u.)conditions demonstrate that HCC valves achieve comparable loss levels to line commutated converter counterparts while enabling active turn-off control.Comparative analysis of radiator configurations identifies 2-parallel branch connections as optimal.Integrated thermal-fluid models combining 3D finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics reveal significant temperature gradients and flow maldistribution in baseline designs.On this basis,this paper modifies the flow from equal flow resistance allocation to heat-based allocation and it reduces maximum integrated gate-commutated thyristor temperature rise by 7.3%at 1.2 p.u.with minimal pressure drop variation.Experimental validation confirms the proposed cooling strategy enhances valve safety margins through improved heat dissipation balance,providing a validated theoretical foundation for high-power converter thermal design.
文摘As a result of the shrinking working age population （aged 15 to 59 years）, all factors that have driven China＇s rapid economic growth over the past 30years tend to diminish from 2010. The present paper estimates the average annual growth rate of potential output to be 7.2percent over the 12th Five-year Plan period and 6.1 percent over the 13th Five-year Plan period. Future sustainable growth requires furthering economic reform in related areas to enhance potential growth. This paper simulates two scenarios in which both an increase in labor force participation and improvement in total factor productivity can significantly enhance the potential GDP growth rate. Relevant policy implications are discussed.
基金supported by the YM’s grant 81371848 from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China.
文摘Background:Aedes albopictus is distributed widely in China,as a primary vector of Dengue fever and Chikungunya fever in south of China.Chemical insecticide control is one of the integrated programmes to prevent mosquito-borne diseases.Long-term applications of pyrethroids have resulted in the development of resistance in Ae.albopictus populations in China.However,the susceptibility of Ae.albopictus to pyrethroids in Hainan Island was unclear.Knockdown resistance(kdr),caused by point mutations in the VGSC gene,is one of the mechanisms that confer resistance to DDT and pyrethroids.This study was to investigate the resistance level of Ae.albopictus populations in Haikou City to three pyrethroid insecticides,and elucidate the relationship between the resistant phenotype and kdr mutations.Methods:The Aedes albopictus samples were collected in Xinbu Island(XI),Longtang Town(LT),Shishan Town(ST),Baishamen Park(BP),and Flower Market(FM)from Haikou City,Hainan Island,China.The larval susceptibility to deltamethrin,permethrin and beta-cypermethrin was tested by larval bioassays,and adult susceptibility to deltamethrin and DDT was determined by adult bioassays.The degree of resistance was determined by resistance ratio value(RR50>3)for larvae and by mortality for adult.The kdr alleles at codon 1534 of the VGSC gene were genotyped.The relationship between kdr genotypes and resistant phenotypes was analyzed by Chi-square test.Results:Out of five populations,assessed by larval bioassays,XI was susceptible to deltamethrin and permethrin;LT was susceptible to permethrin and beta-cypermethrin;and ST was susceptible to permithrin.FM and BP both were resistant to all of the three pyrethroids,and FM showed the highest degree of resistance,with RR50 values from 65.17 to 436.36.A total of 493 individuals from the larval bioassays were genotyped for kdr alleles.Five alleles were detected,including two wildtype alleles,TTC(F)(67.04%)and TTT(F)(0.41%),and three mutant alleles,TGC(C)(0.30%),TCC(S)(31.54%)and TTG(L)(0.71%).There was a clear correlation between mutant alleles(or F1534S)and resistant phenotypes(P<0.01).Conclusion:Two novel kdr mutant alleles F1534S and F1534L were detected in the pyrethroid resistant populations of Ae.albopictus in Haikou Hainan,China.For the first time,the mutant F1534S was associated with pyrethroid resistance in Ae.albopictus.
文摘Through review of relevant studies and analysis, this article indicates that the ＂middleincome trap ＂ is in line with the framework of the mainstream economic growth theories, and, therefore, it is a useful concept through which we can analyze economic growth phenomena in specific economic growth phases. The empirical experiences of many countries also indicate that at specific middle-income stages, economies with high rates of growth tend to encounter economic slowdown or even stagnation. The article shows that China is facing the challenge of determining how to move smoothly beyond the middle-income stage of economic development, while taking into account the shifting population structure, changing resource endowment and growth patterns. The article, drawing on international experiences, puts forward several policy suggestions relating to improvement in total factor productivity, expansion of human capital accumulation and deepening of system and governmentfunction reforms.
文摘Using an input--output method, this paper simulates the impacts of the global financial crisis and the decline of exports on China＇s economy and employment. With shrinking external demand, boosting domestic demand becomes crucial for maintaining economic growth and promoting employment. Our simulated results indicate that an investment scenario with employment as a priority can achieve the objective of employment maximization without significantly reducing growth. Public investment should focus on employment, education, health, housing and social security to rebalance China＇s economy so that it can realize sustained and stable economic growth.
基金the National Science and Technology Foundation of China for Key Projects of“Major New Drugs Innovation and Development”(2012ZX09103-101028)Fujian Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission of China(2015-1-72)the Projects of Industry-Academy Cooperation for Science and Technology of Fujian Province,Chian(2016Y4005)for this project
文摘The aims of the present study were to estimate the affinity between 3,5-(E)-bis(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzal)-4-piperidinone hydrochloride(C0818) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and to investigate the inhibitory effects of this compound on Hsp90 ATPase activity. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to examine the affinity between varying concentrations of C0818 and Hsp90, N-Hsp90, MHsp90 and C-Hsp90. Fluorescence intensities were recorded in the range of 290–510 nm at 293, 303 and 310 K, respectively. A colorimetric assay for inorganic phosphate(based on the formation of a phosphomolybdate complex and the subsequent reaction with malachite green) were used to examine the inhibitory effects of C0818 on Hsp90 ATPase activity. The equilibrium dissociation constant K_D value of C0818 was found to be 23.41270.943 μmol/L. The interaction between C0818 and Hsp90 was driven mainly by electrostatic interactions. C0818 showed the strongest affinity with C-Hsp90. These results conclusively demonstrate the inhibitory activity of C0818 on the activity of Hsp90 ATPase.
文摘Using apolitical economy analytical framework, the present paper examines the hukou system reform in China. The potential unification of the social welfare system of rural and urban areas is discussed. The paper reviews the progress ofhukou system reform since 2004. It is suggested that since China met its Lewis turningpoint in about 2004, and a labor shortage became a limiting factor in production, there has been stronger demand for hukou system reform. In the meantime, various levels of government have apoint where incentives are compatibile for carrying out reforms. The paper also explores some limitations of the currently implemented reform in certain regions andputs forwardrelevantpolicy suggestions.
基金This work was supported by funding from National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC),Grant/Award Number:81770780 and 31972913Key Research and Development Programs from Hunan Province,Grant/Award Number:2021DK2001+2 种基金Guangdong Key Project in‘Development of New Tools for Diagnosis and Treatment of Autism’,Grant/Award Number:2018B030335001Strategic Priority Research Program of Central South University,Grant/Award Number:ZLXD2017004The project has been funded in part with Independent Exploration and Innovation Project of Central South University,Grant/Award Number:2018zzts393.
文摘As the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in children,autism spectrum disorders(ASD)are characterized by deficits in language development,social interaction,and repetitive behaviors or inflexible interests.Contactin associated protein like 2(CNTNAP2),encoding a single transmembrane protein(CNTNAP2)with 1331 amino acid residues,is a widely validated ASD-susceptible gene.
基金This work was supported by Canadian Institutes of Health Research(CIHR)Operating Grant CCI-117952W.S.was the holder of the Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Alzheimer's Disease+1 种基金S.Z.was the recipient of the Chinese Scholarship Council awardM.Z.is supported by UBC 4YF Scholarship.
文摘Presenilins(PSs)are the catalytic core of γ-secretase complex.However,the mechanism of FAD-associated PS mutations in AD pathogenesis still remains elusive.Here we review the general biology and mechanism of γ-secretase and focus on the catalytic components–presenilins and their biological functions and contributions to the AD pathogenesis.The functions of presenilins are divided into γ-secretase dependent and γ-secretase independent ones.The γ-secretase dependent functions of presenilins are exemplified by the sequential cleavages in the processing of APP and Notch;the γ-secretase independent functions of presenilins include stabilizing β-catenin in Wnt signaling pathway,regulating calcium homeostasis and their interaction with synaptic transmission.
文摘This paper provides a framework for assessing the health of China＇s macro economy and the sustainability of economic growth by combining supply-side and demand-side factors and by considering their relationship at different stages of development. As the Chinese economy passed through its Lewis turning point, weakened supply-side factors caused its growth to slow. The increasing concern regarding the economic slowdown has induced both the central and local governments to implement various stimulus plans through instruments of macroeconomic, industrial and regional policies. By examining where the imbalances of the Chinese economy really lie and investigating the determinants of the current slowdown and of the enhancement of the potential growth rate, the present paper suggests that the best path of action for the Chinese Government is not to stimulate growth through demand-side factors but to increase the potential growth rate through reforms in certain key areas.
文摘As China’s demographic transition enters a new stage,the“first demographic dividend”-the economic advantage resulting from demographic changes in recent decades-is bound to disappear permanently.China s future development will be characterized by an aging population.The“second demographic dividend”refers to new sources of economic growth derived from this later population change.This paper reveals major constraints caused by aging in China,which is characterized by a tendency to grow old before becoming rich.As the population ages,human capital improvement slows,labor force participation declines and consumption power reduces.This paper suggests taking advantage of a population“echo effect”to improve human capital at all ages,to enhance workers’ability to benefit from employment,and to improve the labor participation rate of the elderly,which in turn would increase the income and social security of the aged.These measures are conducive tofuture economic growth and to the cultivation of the second demographic dividend.
