Electrocatalytic oxidation is a promising technology for wastewater treatment,but poor mass transfer and low current efficiency impaded its engineering applications.To address these issues,researchers have developed f...Electrocatalytic oxidation is a promising technology for wastewater treatment,but poor mass transfer and low current efficiency impaded its engineering applications.To address these issues,researchers have developed flow-through electrochemical reactors(FERs)primarily based on porous electrodes,where the pore structure significantly impacts the electrochemical reaction.Therefore,this study systematically investigated the impact of different pore sizes on the fluid dynamics,current potential distribution,mass transfer processes,and degradation performance of FERs.Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)results indicated that smaller pore sizes(10μm,30μm,and 60μm)significantly enhanced convective effects within the fluid,reduced short fluid paths and dead volume regions within the microchannels,and facilitated mass transfer processes.Additionally,smaller pore sizes were conducive to a uniform distribution of current density.Furthermore,Fe(CN)_(6)^(4−)oxidation experiments revealed that the current density at a pore size of 160μm was notably lower than that at 10μm,indicating slower mass transfer of Fe(CN)_(6)^(4−)within larger channels.Calculations based on experimental results demonstrated that the mass transfer rate at a pore size of 10μm was six times than that at 160μm,further confirming the enhancing effect of smaller pore sizes on the mass transfer process.Lastly,experiments on tetracycline degradation showed that at a residence time of 90 s,the removal efficiencies of tetracycline were 80%and 39.1%for porous electrodes with pore sizes of 10μm and 160μm,respectively,demonstrating the superior removal efficiency of smaller pore sizes for tetracycline degradation.展开更多
Regulatory T(Treg)cells are pivotal for maintaining immune homeostasis and play essential roles in various diseases,such as autoimmune diseases,graft-versus-host disease(GVHD),tumors,and infectious diseases.Treg cells...Regulatory T(Treg)cells are pivotal for maintaining immune homeostasis and play essential roles in various diseases,such as autoimmune diseases,graft-versus-host disease(GVHD),tumors,and infectious diseases.Treg cells exert suppressive function via distinct mechanisms,including inhibitory cytokines,granzyme or perforin-mediated cytolysis,metabolic disruption,and suppression of dendritic cells.Forkhead Box P3(FOXP3),the characteristic transcription factor,is essential for Treg cell function and plasticity.Cumulative evidence has demonstrated that FOXP3 activity and Treg cell function are modulated by a variety of post-translational modifications(PTMs),including ubiquitination,acetylation,phosphorylation,methylation,glycosylation,poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation,and uncharacterized modifications.This review describes Treg cell suppressive mechanisms and summarizes the current evidence on PTM regulation of FOXP3 and Treg cell function.Understanding the regulatory role of PTMs in Treg cell plasticity and function will be helpful in designing therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases,GVHD,tumors,and infectious diseases.展开更多
为研究内插热管太阳能真空集热管(solar vacuum collector tube with an inserted heat pipe,SVCTIHP)内部各部件及界面改变与传热效果间关系,指导结构和工艺优化,提高SVHCTIHP性能,建立了SVHCTIHP内部热量传递的数学模型。利用MATLAB...为研究内插热管太阳能真空集热管(solar vacuum collector tube with an inserted heat pipe,SVCTIHP)内部各部件及界面改变与传热效果间关系,指导结构和工艺优化,提高SVHCTIHP性能,建立了SVHCTIHP内部热量传递的数学模型。利用MATLAB软件对型号为Z-Bj/0.6-WF-1.5/16-58的SVCTIHP的动态响应特征进行模拟分析和实验验证。对热量在SVCTIHP内部传递过程中各主要环节的热损失随结构、材料参数的变化规律进行了模拟,分析了提高SVCTIHP集热性能的途径,发现热管与翅片的接触热阻对SVCTIHP集热效率的影响大。利用新型导热胶对热管与翅片的接触部位进行了填充性黏结并进行了实验测试。结果表明:工艺改进后,该型热管冷凝出口端温度提高了37.8℃,集热效率提高12%。展开更多
药物诱发长QT间期综合征(long QT syndrome,LQTS)已成为临床上重要的研究课题,其中获得性长QT间期综合征(acLQTS)的发生主要是药物抑制人类ether-α-go-go相关基因(the human ether-α-go-go related gene,hERG)通道所致。hERG基因编码...药物诱发长QT间期综合征(long QT syndrome,LQTS)已成为临床上重要的研究课题,其中获得性长QT间期综合征(acLQTS)的发生主要是药物抑制人类ether-α-go-go相关基因(the human ether-α-go-go related gene,hERG)通道所致。hERG基因编码快速激活延迟整流钾离子通道(rapid component of the delayed rectifier potassium current,Ikr)的α亚基,其在动作电位3期复极过程中发挥重要作用,也是大多数抗心律失常药物作用的靶点。本文旨在探讨羟基吴茱萸次碱(hydroxyrutaecarpine,HRU)对hERG通道的影响,评估其心脏安全性。利用全细胞膜片钳技术记录HRU对hERG通道电流及动力学的影响,并验证与hERG通道的结合位点。运用PCR技术测定HRU对hERG mRNA表达水平的影响。利用Western blot技术检测HRU对hERG蛋白和转录因子Sp1(specificity protein 1)表达的影响。采用免疫荧光技术证实HRU对hERG蛋白和转录因子Sp1的定位和表达的影响。研究显示,HRU瞬时给药后对hERG电流具有抑制作用,降低hERG通道的失活电流,缩小失活时间常数,作用位点是S6片段的两个芳香族氨基酸即第656位的苯丙氨酸F656和第652位的酪氨酸Y652。HRU孵育给药能够减少hERG蛋白表达量,并抑制hERG电流,降低hERG mRNA的水平,降低细胞核内转录因子Sp1和细胞浆内hERG蛋白表达水平。激光扫描共聚焦实验也显示细胞核内转录因子Sp1和细胞浆内hERG蛋白表达都减少,说明HRU抑制Sp1表达是导致hERG mRNA表达减少的原因。以上结果表明,HRU瞬时给药抑制hERG电流的作用是通过结合hERG通道内F656和Y652位点,缩小失活时间常数,加快通道失活,从而抑制hERG通道功能。此外,HRU还抑制hERG蛋白表达,主要是通过抑制转录因子Sp1的表达,使hERG通道蛋白的转录功能下调,最终导致hERG蛋白减少。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U22A20241 and 21876105)Shaanxi“Scientist&Engineer”Team(No.2023KXJ-131)Xianyang Key S&T Special Projects(No.L2023-ZDKJ-QCY-SXGG-GY-007).
文摘Electrocatalytic oxidation is a promising technology for wastewater treatment,but poor mass transfer and low current efficiency impaded its engineering applications.To address these issues,researchers have developed flow-through electrochemical reactors(FERs)primarily based on porous electrodes,where the pore structure significantly impacts the electrochemical reaction.Therefore,this study systematically investigated the impact of different pore sizes on the fluid dynamics,current potential distribution,mass transfer processes,and degradation performance of FERs.Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)results indicated that smaller pore sizes(10μm,30μm,and 60μm)significantly enhanced convective effects within the fluid,reduced short fluid paths and dead volume regions within the microchannels,and facilitated mass transfer processes.Additionally,smaller pore sizes were conducive to a uniform distribution of current density.Furthermore,Fe(CN)_(6)^(4−)oxidation experiments revealed that the current density at a pore size of 160μm was notably lower than that at 10μm,indicating slower mass transfer of Fe(CN)_(6)^(4−)within larger channels.Calculations based on experimental results demonstrated that the mass transfer rate at a pore size of 10μm was six times than that at 160μm,further confirming the enhancing effect of smaller pore sizes on the mass transfer process.Lastly,experiments on tetracycline degradation showed that at a residence time of 90 s,the removal efficiencies of tetracycline were 80%and 39.1%for porous electrodes with pore sizes of 10μm and 160μm,respectively,demonstrating the superior removal efficiency of smaller pore sizes for tetracycline degradation.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2403000 and 2021YFC2400500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32200728 and 32170925)+3 种基金the Clinical Research Project of Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation(C2301008)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20220531100406014,JCYJ2022081800807016,RCBS20221008093336088,KQTD20210811090115019)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515110375)the Innovative Research Team of High-level Local Universities in Shanghai(SHSMU-ZDCX20210601).
文摘Regulatory T(Treg)cells are pivotal for maintaining immune homeostasis and play essential roles in various diseases,such as autoimmune diseases,graft-versus-host disease(GVHD),tumors,and infectious diseases.Treg cells exert suppressive function via distinct mechanisms,including inhibitory cytokines,granzyme or perforin-mediated cytolysis,metabolic disruption,and suppression of dendritic cells.Forkhead Box P3(FOXP3),the characteristic transcription factor,is essential for Treg cell function and plasticity.Cumulative evidence has demonstrated that FOXP3 activity and Treg cell function are modulated by a variety of post-translational modifications(PTMs),including ubiquitination,acetylation,phosphorylation,methylation,glycosylation,poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation,and uncharacterized modifications.This review describes Treg cell suppressive mechanisms and summarizes the current evidence on PTM regulation of FOXP3 and Treg cell function.Understanding the regulatory role of PTMs in Treg cell plasticity and function will be helpful in designing therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases,GVHD,tumors,and infectious diseases.
文摘为研究内插热管太阳能真空集热管(solar vacuum collector tube with an inserted heat pipe,SVCTIHP)内部各部件及界面改变与传热效果间关系,指导结构和工艺优化,提高SVHCTIHP性能,建立了SVHCTIHP内部热量传递的数学模型。利用MATLAB软件对型号为Z-Bj/0.6-WF-1.5/16-58的SVCTIHP的动态响应特征进行模拟分析和实验验证。对热量在SVCTIHP内部传递过程中各主要环节的热损失随结构、材料参数的变化规律进行了模拟,分析了提高SVCTIHP集热性能的途径,发现热管与翅片的接触热阻对SVCTIHP集热效率的影响大。利用新型导热胶对热管与翅片的接触部位进行了填充性黏结并进行了实验测试。结果表明:工艺改进后,该型热管冷凝出口端温度提高了37.8℃,集热效率提高12%。
文摘药物诱发长QT间期综合征(long QT syndrome,LQTS)已成为临床上重要的研究课题,其中获得性长QT间期综合征(acLQTS)的发生主要是药物抑制人类ether-α-go-go相关基因(the human ether-α-go-go related gene,hERG)通道所致。hERG基因编码快速激活延迟整流钾离子通道(rapid component of the delayed rectifier potassium current,Ikr)的α亚基,其在动作电位3期复极过程中发挥重要作用,也是大多数抗心律失常药物作用的靶点。本文旨在探讨羟基吴茱萸次碱(hydroxyrutaecarpine,HRU)对hERG通道的影响,评估其心脏安全性。利用全细胞膜片钳技术记录HRU对hERG通道电流及动力学的影响,并验证与hERG通道的结合位点。运用PCR技术测定HRU对hERG mRNA表达水平的影响。利用Western blot技术检测HRU对hERG蛋白和转录因子Sp1(specificity protein 1)表达的影响。采用免疫荧光技术证实HRU对hERG蛋白和转录因子Sp1的定位和表达的影响。研究显示,HRU瞬时给药后对hERG电流具有抑制作用,降低hERG通道的失活电流,缩小失活时间常数,作用位点是S6片段的两个芳香族氨基酸即第656位的苯丙氨酸F656和第652位的酪氨酸Y652。HRU孵育给药能够减少hERG蛋白表达量,并抑制hERG电流,降低hERG mRNA的水平,降低细胞核内转录因子Sp1和细胞浆内hERG蛋白表达水平。激光扫描共聚焦实验也显示细胞核内转录因子Sp1和细胞浆内hERG蛋白表达都减少,说明HRU抑制Sp1表达是导致hERG mRNA表达减少的原因。以上结果表明,HRU瞬时给药抑制hERG电流的作用是通过结合hERG通道内F656和Y652位点,缩小失活时间常数,加快通道失活,从而抑制hERG通道功能。此外,HRU还抑制hERG蛋白表达,主要是通过抑制转录因子Sp1的表达,使hERG通道蛋白的转录功能下调,最终导致hERG蛋白减少。
