AIM:To investigate the prevalence and types of eyelid disorders among an elderly population in China,underscoring the significance of eyelid health for the aging demographic.METHODS:A cross-sectional epidemiological s...AIM:To investigate the prevalence and types of eyelid disorders among an elderly population in China,underscoring the significance of eyelid health for the aging demographic.METHODS:A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted on 3038 individuals over the age of 50,all of whom were evaluated at the community health center.Each participant underwent routine ophthalmic examinations and eyelid morphology evaluations by an ophthalmologist.Eyelid disorders and morphology were assessed through slit-lamp examination and direct visual inspection.The study analyzed the characteristics of common eyelid disorders,including blepharoptosis,dermatochalasis,eyelid tumors,entropion,lower eyelid retraction(LER)and ectropion,as well as eyelid morphologies such as sunken and bulging eyelids.Descriptive statistics were used for demographic data,Chi-square test analyzed gender distribution differences,and logistic regression calculated odds ratios for blepharoptosis(P<0.05 considered significant).RESULTS:The study revealed that eyelid disorders were present in 1250(41%)individuals,with blepharoptosis being the most common disorder(25%),followed by severe dermatochalasis(16%),eyelid tumors(9.3%),LER and ectropion(11%),and entropion(1.2%).Sunken eyelids were more prevalent in men(26%)than in women(17%).The study found significant associations between the presence of blepharoptosis and sunken upper eyelids[P=0.01,odds ratio(OR)=1.33],as well as male gender(P=0.038,OR=1.22).Additionally,the prevalence of blepharoptosis increased with age.CONCLUSION:Eyelid disorders are highly prevalent in older people and increase steeply with age.This study highlights the need for increased awareness of eyelid health among older individuals at risk for eyelid disorders and the importance of ophthalmic examination for early diagnosis and management of these disorders.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the occurrence of eye asthenopia in Chinese adults and pinpoint the factors contributing to it using a 17-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire(ASQ-17).METHODS:A total of 2509 Chinese adults aged 18 ...AIM:To investigate the occurrence of eye asthenopia in Chinese adults and pinpoint the factors contributing to it using a 17-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire(ASQ-17).METHODS:A total of 2509 Chinese adults aged 18 and above from 30 regions in China participated in a crosssectional online survey in February 2020.The survey utilized the ASQ-17,which had been proven reliable and validated for assessing asthenopia-related symptoms experienced in the past two weeks among the Chinese population.Data on demographics and living conditions,including age,gender,humidity,air quality in their residential areas,frequency of heightened anxiety or depression,daily duration of near vision activity,sleep duration,sleep quality,and history of eye surgery,were collected.Principal component analysis and multivariate logistic regression were employed to identify independent factors associated with asthenopia.RESULTS:Out of the 2502 participants,with an average age of 31±8y included in the analysis,asthenopia was prevalent in 35.2%of cases.Multivariate analysis revealed that the most influential risk factor was poor sleep and mental well-being,which encompassed shorter daily sleep duration,lower sleep quality,and more frequent feelings of heightened anxiety or depression[odds ratio(OR):2.07,95%confidence interval(CI):1.88–2.29,P<0.001].This was followed by each additional 2h of daily near vision activity relative to 4h(OR:1.33,95%CI:1.21–1.45,P<0.001),and lower humidity and worse air quality in the residential area(OR:1.10,95%CI:1.02–1.21,P=0.019).CONCLUSION:Asthenopia is a common issue among Chinese adults,and preventative measures should focus on improving sleep and mental well-being.Further research targeting physiological exposure,different age groups or longitudinal studies to establish causality are needed to explore the role of sleep and mental status as an influencing factor.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the ocular biological characteristics of children with myopia and rapid axial length(AL)changes prescribed spectacles with highly aspherical lenslets(HAL).METHODS:Data were collected from 156 childr...AIM:To investigate the ocular biological characteristics of children with myopia and rapid axial length(AL)changes prescribed spectacles with highly aspherical lenslets(HAL).METHODS:Data were collected from 156 children(252 eyes)with myopia and HAL treatment who were aged 7-13 and had rapid AL changes.The participants were divided into groups with AL reduction and elongation according to the changes in AL within 6mo.Paired t-tests were used to compare the ocular biological parameters at baseline and after rapid changes post-HAL treatment.Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to determine the association between the ocular parameters and AL changes.RESULTS:The ocular biological parameters significantly changed in the children with myopia and rapid AL changes after HAL treatment.In the group with AL reduction,the anterior chamber depth(ACD)and vitreous chamber depth(VCD)decreased.The crystalline lens thickness(CLT)increased,corneal flat keratometry(FK)decreased,and steep keratometry(SK)increased(all P<0.001).The eyes in the group with AL elongation had increased ACD and VCD and steepened SK,but the CLT or FK findings were not different.AL change was negatively associated with baseline astigmatism(r=-0.171;P=0.007).CONCLUSION:In the eyes with HAL treatment,decreased ACD and VCD,thickened CLT,flattened FK,and steepened SK are observed during AL reduction.Lower baseline astigmatism is associated with AL reduction.The AL reduction may suggest the potential efficacy of HAL intervention in myopia control,while providing evidence for optimizing personalized myopia management strategies.Further longitudinal studies are warranted to validate whether rapid AL changes predict sustained treatment efficacy.展开更多
Objective Antiretroviral drugs covered by medical insurance have been gradually used by people living with human immunodeficiency virus(PLWH)in recent years in China.This study aimed to analyze their willingness to pa...Objective Antiretroviral drugs covered by medical insurance have been gradually used by people living with human immunodeficiency virus(PLWH)in recent years in China.This study aimed to analyze their willingness to pay(WTP)for antiretroviral drugs.Methods A mixed-methods study design involving a cross-sectional survey and in-depth interviews was conducted.A cross-sectional survey was performed to collect data on the general characteristics,economic status,antiretroviral therapy(ART)status,and WTP of PLWH in 18 Chinese cities from August 2022 to February 2023.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with WTP.Representatives of PLWH were interviewed via in-depth interviews,and the data were thematically analyzed.Results Among the 941 PLWH,271(28.80%)were willing to pay for antiretroviral drugs covered by medical insurance.For basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents,PLWH with the following characteristics were more willing to pay:an educational level of senior high school or technical secondary school,having an undergraduate degree or higher,frequently working away from their hometowns,and homosexual transmission.Off-farm workers and recipients of government medical aid were more unwilling to pay.For basic medical insurance for urban employees,PLWH with the following characteristics were more willing to pay:frequently working away from their hometowns;homosexual transmission;personal annual income≥100,000 CNY;and adverse events of antiretroviral drugs.The main reasons for PLWH’s WTP for antiretroviral drugs covered by medical insurance were that the drugs had fewer adverse events and were easier to administer.The main reasons for PLWH’s unwillingness to pay were financial difficulties and privacy concerns.Conclusion Nearly one-third of PLWH are willing to pay for antiretroviral drugs covered by medical insurance.In the future,PLWH with a high WTP can be guided to use these drugs.展开更多
AIM:To develop the 17-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire(ASQ)-17 by Rasch analysis,and to generate a predictiveness score.METHODS:Totally 739 participants were recruited and 680 were involved in the result analysis ...AIM:To develop the 17-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire(ASQ)-17 by Rasch analysis,and to generate a predictiveness score.METHODS:Totally 739 participants were recruited and 680 were involved in the result analysis in this prospective,cross-sectional study.Three rounds of Rasch analysis were used to analyze the psychometric characteristics of items and options.RESULTS:Phase 1 assessed the original ASQ-19,adjusted the item scoring mode to a four-point Likert response rating scale and combined the 18th and 19th items into a new item.Phase 2 deleted the 11th item.Phases 3 and 4 assessed the new ASQ-17.All the evaluation indexes of ASQ-17 were acceptable.The Infit and Outfit MnSq values of items were 0.67-1.48,the variance explained by the principal component and the unexplained variance explained by the first contrast were 53.90%-59.40%and 1.50-1.80 in three dimensions.The curve peaks of scores in each dimension were separated and in the same order.The PSR and PSI values were 2.80 and 0.89,respectively.The mean scores of dimensions A(9.5±4.1 vs 3.5±3.2),B(7.3±3.3 vs 2.5±2.7),C(4.3±2.2 vs 1.4±2.0)and total(21.1±8.1 vs 7.4±7.0)in asthenopia participants were significantly higher than those without asthenopia(all P<0.001).The area under the curve in two groups was 0.899(P<0.001).Youden’s index was up to the maximum value of 0.784 when the cut-off value was 12.5.CONCLUSION:ASQ-17 has stronger option sorting and suitability than ASQ-19.It is an effective assessment tool for asthenopia with an optimal cut-off threshold value of 12.5,which is suitable for diagnosis and curative effect evaluation.展开更多
AIM： To quantitatively evaluate the effect of a simulated smog environment on human visual function by psychophysical methods.METHODS： The smog environment was simulated in a 40×40×60 cm3 glass chamber fil...AIM： To quantitatively evaluate the effect of a simulated smog environment on human visual function by psychophysical methods.METHODS： The smog environment was simulated in a 40×40×60 cm3 glass chamber filled with a PM2.5 aerosol, and 14 subjects with normal visual function were examined by psychophysical methods with the foggy smog box placed in front of their eyes. The transmission of light through the smog box, an indication of the percentage concentration of smog, was determined with a luminance meter. Visual function under different smog concentrations was evaluated by the E-visual acuity, crowded E-visual acuity and contrast sensitivity.RESULTS： E-visual acuity, crowded E-visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were all impaired with a decrease in the transmission rate（TR） according to power functions, with invariable exponents of-1.41,-1.62 and-0.7, respectively, and R2 values of 0.99 for E and crowded E-visual acuity, 0.96 for contrast sensitivity. Crowded E-visual acuity decreased faster than E-visual acuity. There was a good correlation between the TR, extinction coefficient and visibility under heavy-smog conditions.CONCLUSION： Increases in smog concentration have a strong effect on visual function.展开更多
China’s human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS)prevention and control efforts have entered a new stage,necessitating the exploration of more effective intervention strategies.HIV pr...China’s human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS)prevention and control efforts have entered a new stage,necessitating the exploration of more effective intervention strategies.HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP)is a proven method to prevent HIV infection,but its promotion in China faces challenges such as low public acceptance and inadequate service capacity.To further promote PrEP,the“HIV PrEP Model Exploration Project”was launched,exploring three PrEP service models:PrEP clinics,Digital services and physical testing,and PrEP self-service vending machines.The project achieved certain results,establishing a PrEP service network,training professional staff,and promoting the use of PrEP.In the future,it is necessary to further expand publicity channels,enhance public awareness and acceptance,optimize follow-up management,and promote the popularization of PrEP and HIV/AIDS prevention and control efforts.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and clinical symptoms of mpox cases with and without human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)reported in China in 2023,providing evidence for coordina...Objective:This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and clinical symptoms of mpox cases with and without human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)reported in China in 2023,providing evidence for coordinated prevention and control strategies for both infections.Method:All confirmed mpox cases reported in 2023 were extracted from China’s Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.Data were collected from the surveillance system and epidemiological investigations.Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 24.0,with group comparisons conducted using t-tests and chi-square tests.Results:Among 1,712 confirmed mpox cases in China during 2023,802(46.8%)were people with human immunodeficiency virus(PWH).Of the 1,702 male cases,97.3%of PWH and 91.1%of those without HIV self-identified as men who have sex with men(MSM).Age distribution showed 79.4%of PWH and 87.6%of those without HIV were under 40 years old,while 64.2%of PWH and 71.3%of those without HIV were reported from eastern regions.Cardinal symptoms at diagnosis occurred at similar rates between those with and without HIV,including rash(90.9%vs.93.4%),fever(52.5%vs.53.8%),and lymphadenopathy(23.8%vs.25.4%).Among coinfected cases,individuals diagnosed with HIV after mpox or within one year before mpox demonstrated higher rates of immunodeficiency and lower rates of HIV viral suppression.Conclusion:Male mpox cases with HIV was more likely to be MSM,older,and reported from central and western regions compared to those without HIV.No significant differences were observed in cardinal symptom occurrence between groups.These findings emphasize the importance of implementing integrated prevention strategies targeting both HIV and mpox,particularly among key populations.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Since May 2022,a global outbreak of mpox has emerged in more than 100 non-endemic countries.As of December 2023,over 90,000 cases had been reported.The outbreak has predo...Summary What is already known about this topic?Since May 2022,a global outbreak of mpox has emerged in more than 100 non-endemic countries.As of December 2023,over 90,000 cases had been reported.The outbreak has predominantly affected men who have sex with men(MSM),with sexual contact identified as the principal mode of transmission.What is added by this report?Since June 2023,China has faced an occurrence of mpox,predominantly affecting the MSM population.Approximately 90%of those affected reported engaging in homosexual behavior within 21 days prior to symptom onset,a trend that aligns with the global outbreak pattern.The prompt identification of cases,diligent tracing of close contacts,and the implementation of appropriate management strategies have successfully mitigated the spread of mpox virus in China.What are the implications for public health practice?We propose that mpox is transmitted locally within China.Drawing from our experiences in controlling the virus spread,it is crucial to investigate and formulate effective surveillance and educational strategies.Importantly,we must encourage high-risk populations to promptly seek medical care upon the onset of symptoms.展开更多
Introduction:This study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)epidemiological landscape in China through a historical review and current assessment.Methods:Data were extract...Introduction:This study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)epidemiological landscape in China through a historical review and current assessment.Methods:Data were extracted from China’s HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System(CRIMS).Transmission patterns across different phases were visualized using stacked area charts.Geographical correlations between transmission routes were analyzed using scatter plots and Pearson correlation coefficients.The extent and trends of HIV spread among the general population were evaluated using Venn diagrams and Cochran-Armitage tests.Results:The HIV epidemic in China evolved through four distinct phases:injecting drug user(IDU)dominated(1989–1994),former plasma donor(FPD)outbreak(1995–2005),sexual transmission dominance(2006–2014),and general population spread(2015–present).A strong correlation was observed between provinces reporting high numbers of IDU cases and those with elevated heterosexual transmission(r=0.88,P<0.001).Between 2015 and 2023,393,926 cases were identified among the general population through non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual contact(NMNCHC).The proportion of general population cases among heterosexual transmissions increased significantly from 46.2%to 55.7%(Z=42.7,P<0.001).Conclusion:The significant spread of HIV into the general population necessitates the development of targeted prevention strategies for both high-risk and general populations to address emerging epidemiological challenges.展开更多
In the contemporary landscape of global health challenges,human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)remain significant public health concerns both domestically and internationally.Re...In the contemporary landscape of global health challenges,human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)remain significant public health concerns both domestically and internationally.Recent UNAIDS estimates indicate that by the end of 2023,approximately 39.9 million people were living with HIV/AIDS globally,with 1.3 million new infections and 630,000 deaths(1).While current prevention and treatment strategies have contributed to a steady decline in new infections and mortality rates,we remain considerably distant from achieving the ambitious target of“ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030”.展开更多
Introduction:A comprehensive analysis of nationwide survival trends for people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS,PLWHA)from the initial reported case to present has n...Introduction:A comprehensive analysis of nationwide survival trends for people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS,PLWHA)from the initial reported case to present has not been conducted.This study evaluated the survival outcomes of PLWHA reported in China from 1985 to 2022.Methods:We analyzed data from PLWHA recorded in the National HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System from 1985 to 2022.Survival rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves,and factors associated with survival time were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models.Results:Progressive relaxation of antiretroviral therapy initiation criteria led to significant improvements in survival rates across different diagnostic periods in China.The 1-year and 5-year cumulative survival rates increased from 85.2%and 66.1%in the 1985–2003 cohort to 91.1%and 81.4%in the 2016–2022 cohort.Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed elevated mortality risks among males,individuals aged≥65 years,those with injection drug use or other transmission routes,hospital-tested patients,and those with lower CD4 counts at diagnosis or without treatment.Conclusions:Antiretroviral therapy has effectively reduced mortality risk among PLWHA in China.Future efforts should focus on expanding HIV testing to reduce the proportion of late diagnoses with lower CD4 counts and providing targeted,differentiated services for older populations to further decrease mortality risk among PLWHA.展开更多
Introduction:Recent data indicate a year-on-year increase in the proportion of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS)cases reported among individuals aged≥50 in China.This study com...Introduction:Recent data indicate a year-on-year increase in the proportion of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS)cases reported among individuals aged≥50 in China.This study compares the epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases in populations above and below 50 years of age.By doing so,it seeks to scrutinize the current epidemiological landscape of HIV within these distinct age cohorts and suggest tailored interventions for each group.Methods:We utilized data from the Chinese HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System for our comparative analysis.Joinpoint regression analysis was employed to assess the trends in standardized detection rates.Results:In China,the number of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in the 15-49 age group increased from 51,436 in 2010 to 55,397 in 2022,while it increased from 11,751 in 2010 to 51,856 in 2022 in the group aged≥50 years.Recent years have seen a greater proportion and detection rate of HIV/AIDS cases among the≥50 age demographic compared to the 15-49 age group.In 2022,significant statistical differences were observed between males and females in both age cohorts with respect to education,marital status,occupation,mode of transmission,location of diagnosis,and region.Conclusions:The observed trend of a rising proportion of HIV/AIDS cases in individuals aged 50 years and older necessitates heightened attention.It is imperative that we develop and implement interventions specifically designed to prevent and control the transmission of HIV within this demographic.展开更多
Summary What is already known on this topic?Men who have sex with men(MSM)in China have a high rate of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection.Pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP)and postexposure prophylaxis(PEP)have bee...Summary What is already known on this topic?Men who have sex with men(MSM)in China have a high rate of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection.Pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP)and postexposure prophylaxis(PEP)have been shown to be effective in preventing HIV,which may help to contain the HIV epidemic among MSM.What is added by this report?This study found that knowledge and usage of PrEP were low among MSM,indicating that this population is at high risk for HIV infection.Promotion of PrEP and PEP among MSM is necessary to reduce the risk of HIV infection in this population.What are the implications for public health practice?PrEP and PEP are novel HIV prevention strategies that have been demonstrated to be effective and safe.To further reduce HIV transmission among MSM in China,it is necessary to promote the use of PrEP and PEP.展开更多
Transmission network analysis is a crucial evaluation tool aiming to explore the characteristics of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic,develop evidence-based prevention strategies,and contribute to various area...Transmission network analysis is a crucial evaluation tool aiming to explore the characteristics of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic,develop evidence-based prevention strategies,and contribute to various areas of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome prevention and control.Over recent decades,transmission networks have made tremendous strides in terms of modes,methods,applications,and various other aspects.Transmission network methods,including social,sexual,and molecular transmission networks,have played a pivotal role.Each transmission network research method has its advantages,as well as its limitations.In this study,we established a systematic review of these aforementioned transmission networks with respect to their definitions,applications,limitations,recent progress,and synthetic applications.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Significant changes in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)transmission modes have occurred in China,and the proportion of heterosexual transmission increased in recent year...Summary What is already known about this topic?Significant changes in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)transmission modes have occurred in China,and the proportion of heterosexual transmission increased in recent years.What is added by this report?The proportions of diverse transmission routes and subgroups of heterosexual transmission were analyzed by provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs).展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?The annual rates of newly diagnosed cases of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)are increasing in China,yet the annual number of newly diagnosed cases of HIV infected throu...Summary What is already known about this topic?The annual rates of newly diagnosed cases of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)are increasing in China,yet the annual number of newly diagnosed cases of HIV infected through injection drug use(IDU)is decreasing.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Identifying the most influential spreaders in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)transmission networks is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies.What is add...Summary What is already known about this topic?Identifying the most influential spreaders in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)transmission networks is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies.What is added by this report?This study identified key nodes of the HIV molecular transmission network among men who have sex with men(MSM)by utilizing linkages between sequences to reconstruct the transmission network at the molecular level.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?It is known that drug users(DUs)was brought into human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)sentinel surveillance as HIV related high-risk group since 1990s with a higher HIV antibody posi...What is already known about this topic?It is known that drug users(DUs)was brought into human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)sentinel surveillance as HIV related high-risk group since 1990s with a higher HIV antibody positive rate in the early stage.What is added by this report?This study not only showed that HIV antibody positive rate had decreased steadily since 2010 and maintained stable in past 4 years,but also showed that the proportion of the new narcotic and the mixed drug users increased since 2010 and HIV antibody positive rate of mixed abuse users increased year by year.What are the implications for public health practice?Some existing policies and strategies publicity,education and interventions require adjustments since new narcotic drug users contributed to DUs HIV infections.The challenge of HIV infection and transmission among drug users abusing both traditional and new narcotic drugs also require more attention.展开更多
To combat the rapidly escalating COVID-19 epidemic in Italy,China’s third expert team against the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy departed on March 25,2020.I joined the expert team on March 25–April 8,2020.As the chairma...To combat the rapidly escalating COVID-19 epidemic in Italy,China’s third expert team against the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy departed on March 25,2020.I joined the expert team on March 25–April 8,2020.As the chairman of Italian Red Cross,Francesco Rocca,said he appreciated the Chinese experts who,after their arduous work on the front lines of China for over a month,chose to move ahead by flying to Italy to offer help(1).Medical experts of Italian National Institute of infectious diseases said that Chinese experts have gained a great deal of experience that Italy urgently needs,and that due to the considerable success China has had in fighting the epidemic,they wanted to work with Chinese experts on an international level in Italy(2).展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82101176)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LTGD23H120002).
文摘AIM:To investigate the prevalence and types of eyelid disorders among an elderly population in China,underscoring the significance of eyelid health for the aging demographic.METHODS:A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted on 3038 individuals over the age of 50,all of whom were evaluated at the community health center.Each participant underwent routine ophthalmic examinations and eyelid morphology evaluations by an ophthalmologist.Eyelid disorders and morphology were assessed through slit-lamp examination and direct visual inspection.The study analyzed the characteristics of common eyelid disorders,including blepharoptosis,dermatochalasis,eyelid tumors,entropion,lower eyelid retraction(LER)and ectropion,as well as eyelid morphologies such as sunken and bulging eyelids.Descriptive statistics were used for demographic data,Chi-square test analyzed gender distribution differences,and logistic regression calculated odds ratios for blepharoptosis(P<0.05 considered significant).RESULTS:The study revealed that eyelid disorders were present in 1250(41%)individuals,with blepharoptosis being the most common disorder(25%),followed by severe dermatochalasis(16%),eyelid tumors(9.3%),LER and ectropion(11%),and entropion(1.2%).Sunken eyelids were more prevalent in men(26%)than in women(17%).The study found significant associations between the presence of blepharoptosis and sunken upper eyelids[P=0.01,odds ratio(OR)=1.33],as well as male gender(P=0.038,OR=1.22).Additionally,the prevalence of blepharoptosis increased with age.CONCLUSION:Eyelid disorders are highly prevalent in older people and increase steeply with age.This study highlights the need for increased awareness of eyelid health among older individuals at risk for eyelid disorders and the importance of ophthalmic examination for early diagnosis and management of these disorders.
基金Supported by Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau Project(No.Y20240062)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82000861).
文摘AIM:To investigate the occurrence of eye asthenopia in Chinese adults and pinpoint the factors contributing to it using a 17-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire(ASQ-17).METHODS:A total of 2509 Chinese adults aged 18 and above from 30 regions in China participated in a crosssectional online survey in February 2020.The survey utilized the ASQ-17,which had been proven reliable and validated for assessing asthenopia-related symptoms experienced in the past two weeks among the Chinese population.Data on demographics and living conditions,including age,gender,humidity,air quality in their residential areas,frequency of heightened anxiety or depression,daily duration of near vision activity,sleep duration,sleep quality,and history of eye surgery,were collected.Principal component analysis and multivariate logistic regression were employed to identify independent factors associated with asthenopia.RESULTS:Out of the 2502 participants,with an average age of 31±8y included in the analysis,asthenopia was prevalent in 35.2%of cases.Multivariate analysis revealed that the most influential risk factor was poor sleep and mental well-being,which encompassed shorter daily sleep duration,lower sleep quality,and more frequent feelings of heightened anxiety or depression[odds ratio(OR):2.07,95%confidence interval(CI):1.88–2.29,P<0.001].This was followed by each additional 2h of daily near vision activity relative to 4h(OR:1.33,95%CI:1.21–1.45,P<0.001),and lower humidity and worse air quality in the residential area(OR:1.10,95%CI:1.02–1.21,P=0.019).CONCLUSION:Asthenopia is a common issue among Chinese adults,and preventative measures should focus on improving sleep and mental well-being.Further research targeting physiological exposure,different age groups or longitudinal studies to establish causality are needed to explore the role of sleep and mental status as an influencing factor.
基金Supported by the Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province of China(No.2020KY191).
文摘AIM:To investigate the ocular biological characteristics of children with myopia and rapid axial length(AL)changes prescribed spectacles with highly aspherical lenslets(HAL).METHODS:Data were collected from 156 children(252 eyes)with myopia and HAL treatment who were aged 7-13 and had rapid AL changes.The participants were divided into groups with AL reduction and elongation according to the changes in AL within 6mo.Paired t-tests were used to compare the ocular biological parameters at baseline and after rapid changes post-HAL treatment.Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to determine the association between the ocular parameters and AL changes.RESULTS:The ocular biological parameters significantly changed in the children with myopia and rapid AL changes after HAL treatment.In the group with AL reduction,the anterior chamber depth(ACD)and vitreous chamber depth(VCD)decreased.The crystalline lens thickness(CLT)increased,corneal flat keratometry(FK)decreased,and steep keratometry(SK)increased(all P<0.001).The eyes in the group with AL elongation had increased ACD and VCD and steepened SK,but the CLT or FK findings were not different.AL change was negatively associated with baseline astigmatism(r=-0.171;P=0.007).CONCLUSION:In the eyes with HAL treatment,decreased ACD and VCD,thickened CLT,flattened FK,and steepened SK are observed during AL reduction.Lower baseline astigmatism is associated with AL reduction.The AL reduction may suggest the potential efficacy of HAL intervention in myopia control,while providing evidence for optimizing personalized myopia management strategies.Further longitudinal studies are warranted to validate whether rapid AL changes predict sustained treatment efficacy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.72374186]。
文摘Objective Antiretroviral drugs covered by medical insurance have been gradually used by people living with human immunodeficiency virus(PLWH)in recent years in China.This study aimed to analyze their willingness to pay(WTP)for antiretroviral drugs.Methods A mixed-methods study design involving a cross-sectional survey and in-depth interviews was conducted.A cross-sectional survey was performed to collect data on the general characteristics,economic status,antiretroviral therapy(ART)status,and WTP of PLWH in 18 Chinese cities from August 2022 to February 2023.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with WTP.Representatives of PLWH were interviewed via in-depth interviews,and the data were thematically analyzed.Results Among the 941 PLWH,271(28.80%)were willing to pay for antiretroviral drugs covered by medical insurance.For basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents,PLWH with the following characteristics were more willing to pay:an educational level of senior high school or technical secondary school,having an undergraduate degree or higher,frequently working away from their hometowns,and homosexual transmission.Off-farm workers and recipients of government medical aid were more unwilling to pay.For basic medical insurance for urban employees,PLWH with the following characteristics were more willing to pay:frequently working away from their hometowns;homosexual transmission;personal annual income≥100,000 CNY;and adverse events of antiretroviral drugs.The main reasons for PLWH’s WTP for antiretroviral drugs covered by medical insurance were that the drugs had fewer adverse events and were easier to administer.The main reasons for PLWH’s unwillingness to pay were financial difficulties and privacy concerns.Conclusion Nearly one-third of PLWH are willing to pay for antiretroviral drugs covered by medical insurance.In the future,PLWH with a high WTP can be guided to use these drugs.
基金Supported by Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau Project(No.Y2020036)the National Science Foundation of China(No.82000861)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFC2008200).
文摘AIM:To develop the 17-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire(ASQ)-17 by Rasch analysis,and to generate a predictiveness score.METHODS:Totally 739 participants were recruited and 680 were involved in the result analysis in this prospective,cross-sectional study.Three rounds of Rasch analysis were used to analyze the psychometric characteristics of items and options.RESULTS:Phase 1 assessed the original ASQ-19,adjusted the item scoring mode to a four-point Likert response rating scale and combined the 18th and 19th items into a new item.Phase 2 deleted the 11th item.Phases 3 and 4 assessed the new ASQ-17.All the evaluation indexes of ASQ-17 were acceptable.The Infit and Outfit MnSq values of items were 0.67-1.48,the variance explained by the principal component and the unexplained variance explained by the first contrast were 53.90%-59.40%and 1.50-1.80 in three dimensions.The curve peaks of scores in each dimension were separated and in the same order.The PSR and PSI values were 2.80 and 0.89,respectively.The mean scores of dimensions A(9.5±4.1 vs 3.5±3.2),B(7.3±3.3 vs 2.5±2.7),C(4.3±2.2 vs 1.4±2.0)and total(21.1±8.1 vs 7.4±7.0)in asthenopia participants were significantly higher than those without asthenopia(all P<0.001).The area under the curve in two groups was 0.899(P<0.001).Youden’s index was up to the maximum value of 0.784 when the cut-off value was 12.5.CONCLUSION:ASQ-17 has stronger option sorting and suitability than ASQ-19.It is an effective assessment tool for asthenopia with an optimal cut-off threshold value of 12.5,which is suitable for diagnosis and curative effect evaluation.
基金Supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 81570880)
文摘AIM： To quantitatively evaluate the effect of a simulated smog environment on human visual function by psychophysical methods.METHODS： The smog environment was simulated in a 40×40×60 cm3 glass chamber filled with a PM2.5 aerosol, and 14 subjects with normal visual function were examined by psychophysical methods with the foggy smog box placed in front of their eyes. The transmission of light through the smog box, an indication of the percentage concentration of smog, was determined with a luminance meter. Visual function under different smog concentrations was evaluated by the E-visual acuity, crowded E-visual acuity and contrast sensitivity.RESULTS： E-visual acuity, crowded E-visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were all impaired with a decrease in the transmission rate（TR） according to power functions, with invariable exponents of-1.41,-1.62 and-0.7, respectively, and R2 values of 0.99 for E and crowded E-visual acuity, 0.96 for contrast sensitivity. Crowded E-visual acuity decreased faster than E-visual acuity. There was a good correlation between the TR, extinction coefficient and visibility under heavy-smog conditions.CONCLUSION： Increases in smog concentration have a strong effect on visual function.
文摘China’s human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS)prevention and control efforts have entered a new stage,necessitating the exploration of more effective intervention strategies.HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP)is a proven method to prevent HIV infection,but its promotion in China faces challenges such as low public acceptance and inadequate service capacity.To further promote PrEP,the“HIV PrEP Model Exploration Project”was launched,exploring three PrEP service models:PrEP clinics,Digital services and physical testing,and PrEP self-service vending machines.The project achieved certain results,establishing a PrEP service network,training professional staff,and promoting the use of PrEP.In the future,it is necessary to further expand publicity channels,enhance public awareness and acceptance,optimize follow-up management,and promote the popularization of PrEP and HIV/AIDS prevention and control efforts.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFC2309501).
文摘Objective:This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and clinical symptoms of mpox cases with and without human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)reported in China in 2023,providing evidence for coordinated prevention and control strategies for both infections.Method:All confirmed mpox cases reported in 2023 were extracted from China’s Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.Data were collected from the surveillance system and epidemiological investigations.Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 24.0,with group comparisons conducted using t-tests and chi-square tests.Results:Among 1,712 confirmed mpox cases in China during 2023,802(46.8%)were people with human immunodeficiency virus(PWH).Of the 1,702 male cases,97.3%of PWH and 91.1%of those without HIV self-identified as men who have sex with men(MSM).Age distribution showed 79.4%of PWH and 87.6%of those without HIV were under 40 years old,while 64.2%of PWH and 71.3%of those without HIV were reported from eastern regions.Cardinal symptoms at diagnosis occurred at similar rates between those with and without HIV,including rash(90.9%vs.93.4%),fever(52.5%vs.53.8%),and lymphadenopathy(23.8%vs.25.4%).Among coinfected cases,individuals diagnosed with HIV after mpox or within one year before mpox demonstrated higher rates of immunodeficiency and lower rates of HIV viral suppression.Conclusion:Male mpox cases with HIV was more likely to be MSM,older,and reported from central and western regions compared to those without HIV.No significant differences were observed in cardinal symptom occurrence between groups.These findings emphasize the importance of implementing integrated prevention strategies targeting both HIV and mpox,particularly among key populations.
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Since May 2022,a global outbreak of mpox has emerged in more than 100 non-endemic countries.As of December 2023,over 90,000 cases had been reported.The outbreak has predominantly affected men who have sex with men(MSM),with sexual contact identified as the principal mode of transmission.What is added by this report?Since June 2023,China has faced an occurrence of mpox,predominantly affecting the MSM population.Approximately 90%of those affected reported engaging in homosexual behavior within 21 days prior to symptom onset,a trend that aligns with the global outbreak pattern.The prompt identification of cases,diligent tracing of close contacts,and the implementation of appropriate management strategies have successfully mitigated the spread of mpox virus in China.What are the implications for public health practice?We propose that mpox is transmitted locally within China.Drawing from our experiences in controlling the virus spread,it is crucial to investigate and formulate effective surveillance and educational strategies.Importantly,we must encourage high-risk populations to promptly seek medical care upon the onset of symptoms.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan(Grant number 2022YFC2305201).
文摘Introduction:This study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)epidemiological landscape in China through a historical review and current assessment.Methods:Data were extracted from China’s HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System(CRIMS).Transmission patterns across different phases were visualized using stacked area charts.Geographical correlations between transmission routes were analyzed using scatter plots and Pearson correlation coefficients.The extent and trends of HIV spread among the general population were evaluated using Venn diagrams and Cochran-Armitage tests.Results:The HIV epidemic in China evolved through four distinct phases:injecting drug user(IDU)dominated(1989–1994),former plasma donor(FPD)outbreak(1995–2005),sexual transmission dominance(2006–2014),and general population spread(2015–present).A strong correlation was observed between provinces reporting high numbers of IDU cases and those with elevated heterosexual transmission(r=0.88,P<0.001).Between 2015 and 2023,393,926 cases were identified among the general population through non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual contact(NMNCHC).The proportion of general population cases among heterosexual transmissions increased significantly from 46.2%to 55.7%(Z=42.7,P<0.001).Conclusion:The significant spread of HIV into the general population necessitates the development of targeted prevention strategies for both high-risk and general populations to address emerging epidemiological challenges.
文摘In the contemporary landscape of global health challenges,human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)remain significant public health concerns both domestically and internationally.Recent UNAIDS estimates indicate that by the end of 2023,approximately 39.9 million people were living with HIV/AIDS globally,with 1.3 million new infections and 630,000 deaths(1).While current prevention and treatment strategies have contributed to a steady decline in new infections and mortality rates,we remain considerably distant from achieving the ambitious target of“ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030”.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan(Grant number 2022YFC2305201).
文摘Introduction:A comprehensive analysis of nationwide survival trends for people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS,PLWHA)from the initial reported case to present has not been conducted.This study evaluated the survival outcomes of PLWHA reported in China from 1985 to 2022.Methods:We analyzed data from PLWHA recorded in the National HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System from 1985 to 2022.Survival rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves,and factors associated with survival time were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models.Results:Progressive relaxation of antiretroviral therapy initiation criteria led to significant improvements in survival rates across different diagnostic periods in China.The 1-year and 5-year cumulative survival rates increased from 85.2%and 66.1%in the 1985–2003 cohort to 91.1%and 81.4%in the 2016–2022 cohort.Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed elevated mortality risks among males,individuals aged≥65 years,those with injection drug use or other transmission routes,hospital-tested patients,and those with lower CD4 counts at diagnosis or without treatment.Conclusions:Antiretroviral therapy has effectively reduced mortality risk among PLWHA in China.Future efforts should focus on expanding HIV testing to reduce the proportion of late diagnoses with lower CD4 counts and providing targeted,differentiated services for older populations to further decrease mortality risk among PLWHA.
文摘Introduction:Recent data indicate a year-on-year increase in the proportion of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS)cases reported among individuals aged≥50 in China.This study compares the epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases in populations above and below 50 years of age.By doing so,it seeks to scrutinize the current epidemiological landscape of HIV within these distinct age cohorts and suggest tailored interventions for each group.Methods:We utilized data from the Chinese HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System for our comparative analysis.Joinpoint regression analysis was employed to assess the trends in standardized detection rates.Results:In China,the number of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in the 15-49 age group increased from 51,436 in 2010 to 55,397 in 2022,while it increased from 11,751 in 2010 to 51,856 in 2022 in the group aged≥50 years.Recent years have seen a greater proportion and detection rate of HIV/AIDS cases among the≥50 age demographic compared to the 15-49 age group.In 2022,significant statistical differences were observed between males and females in both age cohorts with respect to education,marital status,occupation,mode of transmission,location of diagnosis,and region.Conclusions:The observed trend of a rising proportion of HIV/AIDS cases in individuals aged 50 years and older necessitates heightened attention.It is imperative that we develop and implement interventions specifically designed to prevent and control the transmission of HIV within this demographic.
文摘Summary What is already known on this topic?Men who have sex with men(MSM)in China have a high rate of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection.Pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP)and postexposure prophylaxis(PEP)have been shown to be effective in preventing HIV,which may help to contain the HIV epidemic among MSM.What is added by this report?This study found that knowledge and usage of PrEP were low among MSM,indicating that this population is at high risk for HIV infection.Promotion of PrEP and PEP among MSM is necessary to reduce the risk of HIV infection in this population.What are the implications for public health practice?PrEP and PEP are novel HIV prevention strategies that have been demonstrated to be effective and safe.To further reduce HIV transmission among MSM in China,it is necessary to promote the use of PrEP and PEP.
文摘Transmission network analysis is a crucial evaluation tool aiming to explore the characteristics of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic,develop evidence-based prevention strategies,and contribute to various areas of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome prevention and control.Over recent decades,transmission networks have made tremendous strides in terms of modes,methods,applications,and various other aspects.Transmission network methods,including social,sexual,and molecular transmission networks,have played a pivotal role.Each transmission network research method has its advantages,as well as its limitations.In this study,we established a systematic review of these aforementioned transmission networks with respect to their definitions,applications,limitations,recent progress,and synthetic applications.
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Significant changes in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)transmission modes have occurred in China,and the proportion of heterosexual transmission increased in recent years.What is added by this report?The proportions of diverse transmission routes and subgroups of heterosexual transmission were analyzed by provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?The annual rates of newly diagnosed cases of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)are increasing in China,yet the annual number of newly diagnosed cases of HIV infected through injection drug use(IDU)is decreasing.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.71473234 and 71573239).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Identifying the most influential spreaders in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)transmission networks is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies.What is added by this report?This study identified key nodes of the HIV molecular transmission network among men who have sex with men(MSM)by utilizing linkages between sequences to reconstruct the transmission network at the molecular level.
文摘What is already known about this topic?It is known that drug users(DUs)was brought into human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)sentinel surveillance as HIV related high-risk group since 1990s with a higher HIV antibody positive rate in the early stage.What is added by this report?This study not only showed that HIV antibody positive rate had decreased steadily since 2010 and maintained stable in past 4 years,but also showed that the proportion of the new narcotic and the mixed drug users increased since 2010 and HIV antibody positive rate of mixed abuse users increased year by year.What are the implications for public health practice?Some existing policies and strategies publicity,education and interventions require adjustments since new narcotic drug users contributed to DUs HIV infections.The challenge of HIV infection and transmission among drug users abusing both traditional and new narcotic drugs also require more attention.
文摘To combat the rapidly escalating COVID-19 epidemic in Italy,China’s third expert team against the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy departed on March 25,2020.I joined the expert team on March 25–April 8,2020.As the chairman of Italian Red Cross,Francesco Rocca,said he appreciated the Chinese experts who,after their arduous work on the front lines of China for over a month,chose to move ahead by flying to Italy to offer help(1).Medical experts of Italian National Institute of infectious diseases said that Chinese experts have gained a great deal of experience that Italy urgently needs,and that due to the considerable success China has had in fighting the epidemic,they wanted to work with Chinese experts on an international level in Italy(2).
