液态金属电池(liquid metal batteries,LMBs)作为一种极具潜力的大规模电化学储能技术,具备高电流密度、长循环寿命、低成本且易于规模化等核心优势,在可再生能源消纳、电网调峰填谷以及微电网稳定等领域呈现出广阔的应用前景。该综述...液态金属电池(liquid metal batteries,LMBs)作为一种极具潜力的大规模电化学储能技术,具备高电流密度、长循环寿命、低成本且易于规模化等核心优势,在可再生能源消纳、电网调峰填谷以及微电网稳定等领域呈现出广阔的应用前景。该综述系统地梳理了液态金属电池自诞生以来的发展历程,从电极材料体系优化、多物理场耦合机制解析、状态估计与成组管理技术三个关键维度,全面总结了近年研究进展。着重分析了锂基、钠基、钙基等主流体系的电极材料改性策略,磁流体不稳定性等多场耦合问题的调控方法,以及基于模型与数据驱动的状态估计技术突破。深入探讨了当前液态金属电池面临的材料成本、界面腐蚀、工程化应用等技术瓶颈,并结合材料科学、电化学工程与人工智能的交叉融合趋势,提出了多组元智能材料设计、多场协同调控、全生命周期智能化管理等未来发展方向。展开更多
Excessive phosphorus and arsenic in water bodies not only destroy ecosystems but also pose a serious threat to human health.In this study,a series of Al-doped modified metal-organic frameworks(Zr-Al-MOF)were prepared ...Excessive phosphorus and arsenic in water bodies not only destroy ecosystems but also pose a serious threat to human health.In this study,a series of Al-doped modified metal-organic frameworks(Zr-Al-MOF)were prepared by solvothermal method,which achieved efficient removal of phosphate and arsenate in water.Due to the use of inexpensive Al salts,the material has a lower cost and is more economical.The molar ratio of metal salts,adsorption time,solution pH,initial concentration,temperature and coexisting anions were studied,and it was found that when the molar ratio of Zr:Al was 2,Zr-Al-MOF had the best adsorption performance for phosphate and arsenate,and the maximum adsorption capacity was 93.04 mg P/g and 173.83 mg As/g,respectively.It traps phosphate and arsenate at a fast reaction rate and can be recycled repeatedly.In addition,0.15 g/L of 2Zr-Al-MOF can effectively reduce the phosphate and arsenate content in the contaminated spring water samples of Yangzonghai Lake to the standard range of drinking water,which further confirms the application potential of 2Zr-Al-MOF.By FT-IR and XPS analysis,it was found that the adsorption mechanism was ligand exchange,electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bond formation.The theoretical calculation shows that the adsorption energy is negative,which indicates that 2Zr-Al-MOF is attractive to phosphate and arsenate,and the adsorption state is stable.The results show that 2Zr-Al-MOF is an effective phosphate and arsenate adsorbent and has broad application prospects in eutrophication water treatment.展开更多
The internal flow fields within a three-dimensional inward-tunning combined inlet are extremely complex,especially during the engine mode transition,where the tunnel changes may impact the flow fields significantly.To...The internal flow fields within a three-dimensional inward-tunning combined inlet are extremely complex,especially during the engine mode transition,where the tunnel changes may impact the flow fields significantly.To develop an efficient flow field reconstruction model for this,we present an Improved Conditional Denoising Diffusion Generative Adversarial Network(ICDDGAN),which integrates Conditional Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models(CDDPMs)with Style GAN,and introduce a reconstruction discrimination mechanism and dynamic loss weight learning strategy.We establish the Mach number flow field dataset by numerical simulation at various backpressures for the mode transition process from turbine mode to ejector ramjet mode at Mach number 2.5.The proposed ICDDGAN model,given only sparse parameter information,can rapidly generate high-quality Mach number flow fields without a large number of samples for training.The results show that ICDDGAN is superior to CDDGAN in terms of training convergence and stability.Moreover,the interpolation and extrapolation test results during backpressure conditions show that ICDDGAN can accurately and quickly reconstruct Mach number fields at various tunnel slice shapes,with a Structural Similarity Index Measure(SSIM)of over 0.96 and a Mean-Square Error(MSE)of 0.035%to actual flow fields,reducing time costs by 7-8 orders of magnitude compared to Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)calculations.This can provide an efficient means for rapid computation of complex flow fields.展开更多
文摘液态金属电池(liquid metal batteries,LMBs)作为一种极具潜力的大规模电化学储能技术,具备高电流密度、长循环寿命、低成本且易于规模化等核心优势,在可再生能源消纳、电网调峰填谷以及微电网稳定等领域呈现出广阔的应用前景。该综述系统地梳理了液态金属电池自诞生以来的发展历程,从电极材料体系优化、多物理场耦合机制解析、状态估计与成组管理技术三个关键维度,全面总结了近年研究进展。着重分析了锂基、钠基、钙基等主流体系的电极材料改性策略,磁流体不稳定性等多场耦合问题的调控方法,以及基于模型与数据驱动的状态估计技术突破。深入探讨了当前液态金属电池面临的材料成本、界面腐蚀、工程化应用等技术瓶颈,并结合材料科学、电化学工程与人工智能的交叉融合趋势,提出了多组元智能材料设计、多场协同调控、全生命周期智能化管理等未来发展方向。
基金supported by the NSFC-Yunnan Joint Fund(No.U2102210)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22168044)+1 种基金Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(No.202201BF070001-013)the Research Innovation Fund for Graduate Students of Yunnan University(No.KC-23234004).
文摘Excessive phosphorus and arsenic in water bodies not only destroy ecosystems but also pose a serious threat to human health.In this study,a series of Al-doped modified metal-organic frameworks(Zr-Al-MOF)were prepared by solvothermal method,which achieved efficient removal of phosphate and arsenate in water.Due to the use of inexpensive Al salts,the material has a lower cost and is more economical.The molar ratio of metal salts,adsorption time,solution pH,initial concentration,temperature and coexisting anions were studied,and it was found that when the molar ratio of Zr:Al was 2,Zr-Al-MOF had the best adsorption performance for phosphate and arsenate,and the maximum adsorption capacity was 93.04 mg P/g and 173.83 mg As/g,respectively.It traps phosphate and arsenate at a fast reaction rate and can be recycled repeatedly.In addition,0.15 g/L of 2Zr-Al-MOF can effectively reduce the phosphate and arsenate content in the contaminated spring water samples of Yangzonghai Lake to the standard range of drinking water,which further confirms the application potential of 2Zr-Al-MOF.By FT-IR and XPS analysis,it was found that the adsorption mechanism was ligand exchange,electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bond formation.The theoretical calculation shows that the adsorption energy is negative,which indicates that 2Zr-Al-MOF is attractive to phosphate and arsenate,and the adsorption state is stable.The results show that 2Zr-Al-MOF is an effective phosphate and arsenate adsorbent and has broad application prospects in eutrophication water treatment.
文摘The internal flow fields within a three-dimensional inward-tunning combined inlet are extremely complex,especially during the engine mode transition,where the tunnel changes may impact the flow fields significantly.To develop an efficient flow field reconstruction model for this,we present an Improved Conditional Denoising Diffusion Generative Adversarial Network(ICDDGAN),which integrates Conditional Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models(CDDPMs)with Style GAN,and introduce a reconstruction discrimination mechanism and dynamic loss weight learning strategy.We establish the Mach number flow field dataset by numerical simulation at various backpressures for the mode transition process from turbine mode to ejector ramjet mode at Mach number 2.5.The proposed ICDDGAN model,given only sparse parameter information,can rapidly generate high-quality Mach number flow fields without a large number of samples for training.The results show that ICDDGAN is superior to CDDGAN in terms of training convergence and stability.Moreover,the interpolation and extrapolation test results during backpressure conditions show that ICDDGAN can accurately and quickly reconstruct Mach number fields at various tunnel slice shapes,with a Structural Similarity Index Measure(SSIM)of over 0.96 and a Mean-Square Error(MSE)of 0.035%to actual flow fields,reducing time costs by 7-8 orders of magnitude compared to Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)calculations.This can provide an efficient means for rapid computation of complex flow fields.
