Circular RNAs(circRNAs)form a class of endogenous single-stranded RNA transcripts that are widely expressed in eukaryotic cells.These RNAs mediate post-transcriptional control of gene expression and have multiple func...Circular RNAs(circRNAs)form a class of endogenous single-stranded RNA transcripts that are widely expressed in eukaryotic cells.These RNAs mediate post-transcriptional control of gene expression and have multiple functions in biological processes,such as transcriptional regulation and splicing.They serve predominantly as microRNA sponges,RNA-binding proteins,and templates for translation.More importantly,circRNAs are involved in cancer progression,and may serve as promising biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and therapy.Although traditional experimental methods are usually time-consuming and laborious,substantial progress has been made in exploring potential circRNA-disease associations by using computational models,summarized signaling pathway data,and other databases.Here,we review the biological characteristics and functions of circRNAs,including their roles in cancer.Specifically,we focus on the signaling pathways associated with carcinogenesis,and the status of circRNA-associated bioinformatics databases.Finally,we explore the potential roles of circRNAs as prognostic biomarkers in cancer.展开更多
BACKGROUND Despite advancements in early detection and treatment,the prognosis and his-tological types for residual gastric cancer(GC)remains poor.CASE SUMMARY This case report presents a rare occurrence of residual G...BACKGROUND Despite advancements in early detection and treatment,the prognosis and his-tological types for residual gastric cancer(GC)remains poor.CASE SUMMARY This case report presents a rare occurrence of residual GC featuring a combination of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma(SCNEC)and squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)in a 60-year-old male patient.The patient,with a history of Billroth II gas-trectomy for duodenal ulcer bleeding,presented with gastrointestinal bleeding.Preoperative computed tomography and positron emission tomography-compu-ted tomography indicated adenocarcinoma with tumor and abdominal lymph node metastasis.The patient underwent laparoscopic total gastrectomy and ly-mph node dissection for residual GC.Histological examination of the resected tumor confirmed the presence of both SCNEC and SCC.Postoperatively,the patient underwent adjuvant chemotherapy four times.Two years later,the patient was found to occur esophageal cancer and was performed a small bowel stoma and radical esophagectomy.CONCLUSION In this case report,we detail a rare instance of residual GC with mixed SCNEC and SCC,emphasizing the complexity of diagnosis and treatment,and the need for ongoing research.展开更多
Background The ketogenic diet that forces adenosine triphosphate(ATP)production by beta-oxidation of fatty acids instead of carbohydrate glycolysis,has gained consensus on host metabolism.However,the mechanisms how a ...Background The ketogenic diet that forces adenosine triphosphate(ATP)production by beta-oxidation of fatty acids instead of carbohydrate glycolysis,has gained consensus on host metabolism.However,the mechanisms how a ketogenic diet alters gastrointestinal microbiome and its downstream consequences on microbial nutrient availability and energy metabolism remain to be elucidated.Here,we used the sheep model fed with fat-rich diet to evaluate the symbiotic microbiome across three regions of the gastrointestinal tract(rumen,ileum,and colon)to gain a comprehensive understanding of the microbial energy metabolism and microbe-mediated ATP biosynthesis.Results Results showed that sheep fed a fat-rich diet had a greater ADG and increased reliance on fat oxidation for fuel utilization.Metagenomics analysis showed the loss of the specialized fiber-degrading bacteria(genus_Fibrobacter)in the rumen and enrichment of genera RUG420 and Eubacterium,which are involved in lipid metabolism and bile acid processing,in the ileum.A significant functional shift related to energy metabolism was shared across three regions of the gastrointestinal microbiomes.These shifts were dominated by glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and TCA cycle in the rumen and by fatty acid degradation and bile acid transformation in the ileum,indicating adaptation to nutrient availability and energy acquisition.Notably,the abundance of substrate-level phosphorylation(SLP)enzymes was significantly increased in the rumen,ileum and colon,while the ATP-producing capacity through electron transport phosphorylation(ETP)by family_Bacteroidaceae in rumen and Acutalibacteraceae in ileum of sheep with fat-rich diet.Conclusions Altogether,the ATP-related microbiome encoding SLP and ETP in rumen,ileum,and colon contributed 36.95%to the host's weight variation.Our study is the first one demonstrating the microbial potential in the ATP synthesis under the shift in dietary energy source,providing a new perspective on the energy metabolism and precise human macronutrients nutrition.展开更多
基金supported partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82172946,82173290,82273029,81871969,and 81772592)the Project of the Department of Education of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2021KTSCX102)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022A1515010706)the Shenzhen Basic Research Fund(Grant No.JCYJ20190808163801777)the SZU Top Ranking Project(Grant No.860-00000210)。
文摘Circular RNAs(circRNAs)form a class of endogenous single-stranded RNA transcripts that are widely expressed in eukaryotic cells.These RNAs mediate post-transcriptional control of gene expression and have multiple functions in biological processes,such as transcriptional regulation and splicing.They serve predominantly as microRNA sponges,RNA-binding proteins,and templates for translation.More importantly,circRNAs are involved in cancer progression,and may serve as promising biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and therapy.Although traditional experimental methods are usually time-consuming and laborious,substantial progress has been made in exploring potential circRNA-disease associations by using computational models,summarized signaling pathway data,and other databases.Here,we review the biological characteristics and functions of circRNAs,including their roles in cancer.Specifically,we focus on the signaling pathways associated with carcinogenesis,and the status of circRNA-associated bioinformatics databases.Finally,we explore the potential roles of circRNAs as prognostic biomarkers in cancer.
文摘BACKGROUND Despite advancements in early detection and treatment,the prognosis and his-tological types for residual gastric cancer(GC)remains poor.CASE SUMMARY This case report presents a rare occurrence of residual GC featuring a combination of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma(SCNEC)and squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)in a 60-year-old male patient.The patient,with a history of Billroth II gas-trectomy for duodenal ulcer bleeding,presented with gastrointestinal bleeding.Preoperative computed tomography and positron emission tomography-compu-ted tomography indicated adenocarcinoma with tumor and abdominal lymph node metastasis.The patient underwent laparoscopic total gastrectomy and ly-mph node dissection for residual GC.Histological examination of the resected tumor confirmed the presence of both SCNEC and SCC.Postoperatively,the patient underwent adjuvant chemotherapy four times.Two years later,the patient was found to occur esophageal cancer and was performed a small bowel stoma and radical esophagectomy.CONCLUSION In this case report,we detail a rare instance of residual GC with mixed SCNEC and SCC,emphasizing the complexity of diagnosis and treatment,and the need for ongoing research.
基金supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences(Strategic Priority Research Program Grant No.XDA26040304,XDA26050102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072760)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(2022 JJ10054)。
文摘Background The ketogenic diet that forces adenosine triphosphate(ATP)production by beta-oxidation of fatty acids instead of carbohydrate glycolysis,has gained consensus on host metabolism.However,the mechanisms how a ketogenic diet alters gastrointestinal microbiome and its downstream consequences on microbial nutrient availability and energy metabolism remain to be elucidated.Here,we used the sheep model fed with fat-rich diet to evaluate the symbiotic microbiome across three regions of the gastrointestinal tract(rumen,ileum,and colon)to gain a comprehensive understanding of the microbial energy metabolism and microbe-mediated ATP biosynthesis.Results Results showed that sheep fed a fat-rich diet had a greater ADG and increased reliance on fat oxidation for fuel utilization.Metagenomics analysis showed the loss of the specialized fiber-degrading bacteria(genus_Fibrobacter)in the rumen and enrichment of genera RUG420 and Eubacterium,which are involved in lipid metabolism and bile acid processing,in the ileum.A significant functional shift related to energy metabolism was shared across three regions of the gastrointestinal microbiomes.These shifts were dominated by glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and TCA cycle in the rumen and by fatty acid degradation and bile acid transformation in the ileum,indicating adaptation to nutrient availability and energy acquisition.Notably,the abundance of substrate-level phosphorylation(SLP)enzymes was significantly increased in the rumen,ileum and colon,while the ATP-producing capacity through electron transport phosphorylation(ETP)by family_Bacteroidaceae in rumen and Acutalibacteraceae in ileum of sheep with fat-rich diet.Conclusions Altogether,the ATP-related microbiome encoding SLP and ETP in rumen,ileum,and colon contributed 36.95%to the host's weight variation.Our study is the first one demonstrating the microbial potential in the ATP synthesis under the shift in dietary energy source,providing a new perspective on the energy metabolism and precise human macronutrients nutrition.
