The traceability system can effectively reduce the food safety risks, however, it is confronted with various problems during its implementation. In this context, the paper carries out a case study of consumers in Weif...The traceability system can effectively reduce the food safety risks, however, it is confronted with various problems during its implementation. In this context, the paper carries out a case study of consumers in Weifang, Shandong Province, and studies their willingness to pay the traceable pork with different quality information. The results indicate that, the consumers show high expectations towards the introduction of traceability system, and they tend to buy the traceable pork only with breeding and slaughter information; their behaviors of purchase are greatly influenced by the following factors: the consumers education, age, income, attention on food safety and whether there are pregnant family members, etc..展开更多
A systematic understanding of the effect of magnetic field intensity on the liquid state-dependent solidi-fication of a Co-B hypereutectic alloy was carried out.The application of a magnetic field promotes nucleation,...A systematic understanding of the effect of magnetic field intensity on the liquid state-dependent solidi-fication of a Co-B hypereutectic alloy was carried out.The application of a magnetic field promotes nucleation,as evidenced by the reduction in undercooling,and the extent of the reduction is proportional to the intensity of the magnetic field.Nevertheless,for different liquid states,the magnetic field has dissimilar impacts on facilitating nucleation,manifested in the low-temperature liquid is more affected by the magnetic field,and the enhancing effect is more significant.A pre-nucleation model,modified from classical nucleation theory to include clusters as nucleation precursors,has been developed to describe the phenomena of liquid state-dependent nucleation.The model adeptly elucidates how the magnetic field intensity influences the nucleation of diverse melt structures differently,which is primarily attributed to the varying contact angles resulting from differences in surface tension as the magnetic field interacts with distinct melt structures.The present work might be helpful for not only theoretically understanding the effect of magnetic field intensity on the liquid state-dependent solidification but also providing an alternative strategy and criterion to tailor the microstructure and properties via magnetic field.展开更多
Coagulation–ultrafiltration(C–UF) is widely used for surface water treatment. With the removal of pollutants, the characteristics of organic matter change and affect the final treatment efficiency and the developmen...Coagulation–ultrafiltration(C–UF) is widely used for surface water treatment. With the removal of pollutants, the characteristics of organic matter change and affect the final treatment efficiency and the development of membrane fouling. In this study, we built a dynamic C–UF set-up to carry out the treatment of micro-polluted surface water, to investigate the characteristics of dissolved organic matter from different units. The influences of poly aluminum chloride and poly dimethyldiallylammonium chloride(PDMDAAC) on removal efficiency and membrane fouling were also investigated. Results showed that the dosage of PDMDAAC evidently increased the UV254 and dissolved organic carbon removal efficiencies,and thereby alleviated membrane fouling in the C–UF process. Most hydrophobic bases(HoB)and hydrophobic neutral fractions could be removed by coagulation. Similarly, UF was good at removing HoB compared to hydrophilic substances(HiS) and hydrophobic acid(HoA)fractions. HiS and HoA fractions with low molecule weight accumulated on the surface of the membrane, causing the increase of transmembrane pressure(TMP). Membrane fouling was mainly caused by a removable cake layer, and mechanical cleaning was an efficient way to decrease the TMP.展开更多
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of one kind of food industry effluent, cassava stillage and its anaerobic fermentation liquid, on biological nutrient removal （BNR） from municipal wastewater in a...The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of one kind of food industry effluent, cassava stillage and its anaerobic fermentation liquid, on biological nutrient removal （BNR） from municipal wastewater in anaerobic- anoxic-aerobic sequencing batch reactors （SBRs）. Experiments were carried out with cassava stillage supernatant and its anaerobic fermentation liquid, and one pure compound （sodium acetate） served as an external carbon source. Cyclic studies indicated that the cassava by-products not only affected the transformation of nitrogen, phosphorus, poly-13-hydroxyalkanoates （PHAs）, and glycogen in the BNR process, but also resulted in higher removal efficiencies for phosphorus and nitrogen compared with sodium acetate. Furthermore, assays for phosphorus accumulating or- ganisms （PAOs） and denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms （DPAOs） demonstrated that the proportion of DPAOs to PAOs reached 62.6% （Day 86） and 61.8% （Day 65） when using cassava stillage and its anaerobic fer- mentation liquid, respectively, as the external carbon source. In addition, the nitrate utilization rates （NURs） of the cassava by-products were in the range of 5.49-5.99 g N/（kg MLVSS.h） （MLVSS is mixed liquor volatile suspended solids） and 6.63-6.81 g N/（kg MLVSS.h）, respectively. The improvement in BNR performance and the reduction in the amount of cassava stillage to be treated in-situ make cassava stillage and its anaerobic fermentation liquid attractive alternatives to sodium acetate as external carbon sources for BNR processes.展开更多
Ischemic stroke can cause blood-brain barrier(BBB)injury,which worsens brain damage induced by stroke.Abnormal expression of tight junction proteins in endothelial cells(ECs)can increase intracellular space and BBB le...Ischemic stroke can cause blood-brain barrier(BBB)injury,which worsens brain damage induced by stroke.Abnormal expression of tight junction proteins in endothelial cells(ECs)can increase intracellular space and BBB leakage.Selective inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase,the negative regulatory substrate of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase(MKP)-1,improves tight junction protein function in ECs,and genetic deletion of MKP-1 aggravates ischemic brain injury.However,whether the latter affects BBB integrity,and the cell type-specific mechanism underlying this process,remain unclear.In this study,we established an adult male mouse model of ischemic stroke by occluding the middle cerebral artery for 60 minutes and overexpressed MKP-1 in ECs on the injured side via lentiviral transfection before stroke.We found that overexpression of MKP-1 in ECs reduced infarct volume,reduced the level of inflammatory factors interleukin-1β,interleukin-6,and chemokine C-C motif ligand-2,inhibited vascular injury,and promoted the recovery of sensorimotor and memory/cognitive function.Overexpression of MKP-1 in ECs also inhibited the activation of cerebral ischemia-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)1/2 and the downregulation of occludin expression.Finally,to investigate the mechanism by which MKP-1 exerted these functions in ECs,we established an ischemic stroke model in vitro by depriving the primary endothelial cell of oxygen and glucose,and pharmacologically inhibited the activity of MKP-1 and ERK1/2.Our findings suggest that MKP-1 inhibition aggravates oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced cell death,cell monolayer leakage,and downregulation of occludin expression,and that inhibiting ERK1/2 can reverse these effects.In addition,co-inhibition of MKP-1 and ERK1/2 exhibited similar effects to inhibition of ERK1/2.These findings suggest that overexpression of MKP-1 in ECs can prevent ischemia-induced occludin downregulation and cell death via deactivating ERK1/2,thereby protecting the integrity of BBB,alleviating brain injury,and improving post-stroke prognosis.展开更多
The structure transition inside the Co-81.5at.%B alloy liquid has been studied by an in-situ magnetization measurement.A crossover was observed on the 1/M-T curve during the overheating process,indicating that a liqui...The structure transition inside the Co-81.5at.%B alloy liquid has been studied by an in-situ magnetization measurement.A crossover was observed on the 1/M-T curve during the overheating process,indicating that a liquid-liquid structure transition(LLST)took place in the melt.Based on this information,the effects of LLST on the solidification behavior,microstructure and tribology property were investigated experimentally.The sample solidified with the LLST exhibits significantly different solidification behaviors,i.e.,the nucleation undercooling and the recalescence extent are conspicuously enlarged,and the solidification time is shortened.As a result,the microstructure is effectively refined and homogenized,and the hardness and wear resistance are significantly enhanced.The present work might be helpful for not only theoretically understanding the influence of LLST on the solidification behavior but also providing an alternative approach to tailor the microstructure and properties.展开更多
While there have been multiple recent reports in the literature focusing on the effects of magnetic field on the phase transformation behaviors,the research conducted with an ultra-high magnetic field greater than 20 ...While there have been multiple recent reports in the literature focusing on the effects of magnetic field on the phase transformation behaviors,the research conducted with an ultra-high magnetic field greater than 20 T is still preliminary.In the current study,the structure evolution of Co-B alloys are experimentally studied with undercooling.The effects of a 25 T magnetic field on the solidification behavior and the subsequent solid-state phase transformation behavior have been investigated.The 25 T magnetic field is confirmed to have little effect on the homogeneous nucleation,but have some influence on the heterogeneous nucleation of Co_(3) B and Co_(23)B6 phases by modifying the wetting angleθ.The decomposition of Co_(23)B6 phase in the subsequent cooling process can be effectively suppressed by applying the 25 T magnetic field.The present work might be helpful for not only theoretically understanding the influence of ultra-high magnetic field on the phase transformation behaviors but a potential technology of field-manipulation of magnetic materials.展开更多
Brain functional impairment after stroke is common;however,the molecular mechanisms of post-stroke recovery remain unclear.It is well-recognized that age is the most important independent predictor of poor outcomes af...Brain functional impairment after stroke is common;however,the molecular mechanisms of post-stroke recovery remain unclear.It is well-recognized that age is the most important independent predictor of poor outcomes after stroke as older patients show poorer functional outcomes following stroke.Mounting evidence suggests that axonal regeneration and angiogenesis,the major forms of brain plasticity responsible for post-stroke recovery,diminished with advanced age.Previous studies suggest that Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate(Rac)1 enhances stroke recovery as activation of Rac1 improved behavior recovery in a young mice stroke model.Here,we investigated the role of Rac1 signaling in long-term functional recovery and brain plasticity in an aged(male,18 to 22 months old C57BL/6J)brain after ischemic stroke.We found that as mice aged,Rac1 expression declined in the brain.Delayed overexpression of Rac1,using lentivirus encoding Rac1 injected day 1 after ischemic stroke,promoted cognitive(assessed using novel object recognition test)and sensorimotor(assessed using adhesive removal tests)recovery on days 14–28.This was accompanied by the increase of neurite and proliferative endothelial cells in the periinfarct zone assessed by immunostaining.In a reverse approach,pharmacological inhibition of Rac1 by intraperitoneal injection of Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 for 14 successive days after ischemic stroke worsened the outcome with the reduction of neurite and proliferative endothelial cells.Furthermore,Rac1 inhibition reduced the activation of p21-activated kinase 1,the protein level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and increased the protein level of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the ischemic brain on day 28 after stroke.Our work provided insight into the mechanisms behind the diminished plasticity after cerebral ischemia in aged brains and identified Rac1 as a potential therapeutic target for improving functional recovery in the older adults after stroke.展开更多
Systematic understanding on the magnetic field intensity dependent microstructure evolution and re-crystallization behavior in a Co-B eutectic alloy under a constant undercooling(ΔT≈100 K)were carried out.Absent of ...Systematic understanding on the magnetic field intensity dependent microstructure evolution and re-crystallization behavior in a Co-B eutectic alloy under a constant undercooling(ΔT≈100 K)were carried out.Absent of the magnetic field,the comparable size of divorced FCC-Co and Co_(3)B eutectic ellipsoidal grains coexist with a few regular lamellas.When the magnetic field is less than 15 T,the elongated primary FCC-Co dendrites parallel to the magnetic field with the dispersed FCC-Co nano-particles em-bedded within the Co_(3)B matrix occupy the inter-dendrite regions.Once the magnetic field increases to 20 T,the FCC-Co/Co_(2)B anomalous eutectic colonies dominate.The formation mechanism of Co_(2)B phase is discussed from several aspects of the competitive nucleation,the chemical redistribution induced by the thermomagnetic-induced convection and magnetic dipole interaction,and the strain-induced trans-formation.Furthermore,the application of magnetic field is found to promote recrystallization,proved by the lower density of misorientation,the appearance of FCC-Co annealed twins and more Co_(3)B sub-grains.This work could further enrich our knowledge about the magnetic-dependent microstructure evolution and recrystallization process in the undercooled Co-B system and provide guidance for controlling the microstructures and properties under extreme conditions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile(C.difficile)infection(CDI)is a rare clinical disease caused by changes in the intestinal microenvironment,which has a variety of causes and a poor prognosis,and for which there is no s...BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile(C.difficile)infection(CDI)is a rare clinical disease caused by changes in the intestinal microenvironment,which has a variety of causes and a poor prognosis,and for which there is no standardized clinical treatment.CASE SUMMARY A patient experienced recurrent difficulty in bowel movements over the past decade.Recently,symptoms worsened within the last ten days,leading to a clinic visit due to constipation.The patient was subsequently referred to our depart-ment.Preoperatively,the patient was diagnosed with obstructed colon accom-panied by gallstones.Empirical antibiotics were administered both before and after surgery to prevent infection.On the fourth day post-surgery,symptoms of CDI emerged.Stool cultures confirmed the presence of C.difficile DNA.Treatment involved a combination of vancomycin and linezolid,resulting in the patient's successful recovery upon discharge.However,the patient failed to adhere to the prescribed medication after discharge and was discovered deceased during a follow-up two months later.CONCLUSION CDI is the leading cause of nosocomial post-operative care,with limited clinical cases and poor patient prognosis,and comprehensive clinical treatment guidelines are still lacking.This infection can be triggered by a variety of factors,including intestinal hypoxia,inappropriate antibiotic use,and bile acid circulation disorders.In patients with chronic bowel disease and related etiologies,prompt preoperative attention to possible CDI and preoperative bowel preparation is critical.Adequate and prolonged medication should be maintained in the treatment of CDI to prevent recurrence of the disease.展开更多
Undercooling solidification under a magnetic field(UMF)is an effective way to tailor the microstructure and properties of Co-based alloys.In this study,by attributing to the UMF treatment,the strength−ductility trade-...Undercooling solidification under a magnetic field(UMF)is an effective way to tailor the microstructure and properties of Co-based alloys.In this study,by attributing to the UMF treatment,the strength−ductility trade-off dilemma in GH605 superalloy is successfully overcome.The UMF treatment can effectively refine the grains and increase the solid solubility,leading to the high yield strength.The main deformation mechanism in the as-forged alloy is dislocation slipping.By contrast,multiple deformation mechanisms,including stacking faults,twining,dislocation slipping,and their strong interactions are activated in the UMF-treated sample during compression deformation,which enhances the strength and ductility simultaneously.In addition,the precipitation of hard Laves phases along the grain boundaries can be obtained after UMF treatment,hindering crack propagation during compression deformation.展开更多
Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a transient synaptic excitation, followed by depression, which can propagate slowly across cortex, subcortex and retina. CSD is implicated in migraine with aura and may lead to m...Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a transient synaptic excitation, followed by depression, which can propagate slowly across cortex, subcortex and retina. CSD is implicated in migraine with aura and may lead to migraine pain. CSD can be suppressed by inhibition of both NR2A and NR2B containing N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors. However, whether there is a synergistic effect of co-inhibition of NR2A and NR2B containing receptors on CSD remains unknown. In this study, an efficient in vitro model of migraine with intrinsic optical imaging approach was applied to address this role of co-activation of both NR2A and NR2B in CSD. The results showed that co-application of NVP-AAM077, a drug selectively targeting for NR2A and Ro 25-6981, a drug selectively targeting for NR2B containing receptors, showed synergistic inhibitory effects on propagation rate and the magnitude of CSD in a concentration dependent manner in chick retina. Inhibition of CSD propagation was also observed by a clinical acceptable drug that antagonizes both NR2A and NR2B containing receptors, memantine, at 10 μM. These data suggest that combinational use of antagonists selectively targeting NR2A and NR2B containing receptors could be a useful strategy for preventative treatment of migraine with improved efficacy with potential alleviated side effects.展开更多
Radiative cooling materials(RCMs)dissipate heat to outer space through long-wave radiation and have recently been explored for building surfaces owing to their ability to significantly lower surface temperatures.Asses...Radiative cooling materials(RCMs)dissipate heat to outer space through long-wave radiation and have recently been explored for building surfaces owing to their ability to significantly lower surface temperatures.Assessing the energy-saving potential of RCMs at the urban scale is challenging due to the dynamic performance of RCMs and complex shading effects among buildings.In this study,an integrated simulation framework for RCM performance and urban building energy models(UBEMs)is proposed,considering the actual urban building form and shading relationships.The energy-saving potential and its spatial heterogeneity were analyzed in a case study of 158,497 buildings in Guangzhou,China.The results showed that installing radiative cooling materials on roofs will achieve a 0.5 TWh electricity(5.2%)reduction in annual cooling electricity consumption and a 0.3 GWe(4.1%)reduction in peak cooling electricity loads.When applied to both the roofs and facades,the electricity reductions increase to 1.3 TWh(13.4%)in annual consumption and 0.8 GW(11.0%)in peak load.The proposed approach enables the assessment of radiative cooling potential in complex urban environments,supporting the optimal placement of RCMs and the development of effective deployment strategies.展开更多
Introduced by A.Volberg(1997),matrix A_(p,∞)weights provide a suitable generalization of Muckenhoupt A_(∞)weights from the classical theory.In our previous work,we established new characterizations of these weights....Introduced by A.Volberg(1997),matrix A_(p,∞)weights provide a suitable generalization of Muckenhoupt A_(∞)weights from the classical theory.In our previous work,we established new characterizations of these weights.Here,we use these results to study inhomogeneous Besov-type and Triebel-Lizorkin-type spaces with such weights.In particular,we characterize these spaces,in terms of theφ-transform,molecules,and wavelets,and obtain the boundedness of almost diagonal operators,pseudo-differential operators,trace operators,pointwise multipliers,and Calderón-Zygmund operators on these spaces.This is the first systematic study of inhomogeneous Besov-Triebel-Lizorkin-type spaces with A_(p,∞)-matrix weights,but some of the results are new even when specialized to the scalar unweighted case.展开更多
Buildings contribute to almost 30%of total energy consumption worldwide.Developing building energy modeling programs is of great significance for lifecycle building performance assessment and optimization.Advances in ...Buildings contribute to almost 30%of total energy consumption worldwide.Developing building energy modeling programs is of great significance for lifecycle building performance assessment and optimization.Advances in novel building technologies,the requirements of high-performance computation,and the demands for multi-objective models have brought new challenges for building energy modeling software and platforms.To meet the increasing simulation demands,DeST 3.0,a new-generation building performance simulation platform,was developed and released.The structure of DeST 3.0 incorporates four simulation engines,including building analysis and simulation(BAS)engine,HVAC system engine,combined plant simulation(CPS)engine,and energy system(ES)engine,connected by air loop and water loop balancing iterations.DeST 3.0 offers numerous new simulation features,such as advanced simulation modules for building envelopes,occupant behavior and energy systems,cross-platform and compatible simulation kernel,FMI/FMU-based co-simulation functionalities,and high-performance parallel simulation architecture.DeST 3.0 has been thoroughly evaluated and validated using code verification,inter-program comparison,and case-study calibration.DeST 3.0 has been applied in various aspects throughout the building lifecycle,supporting building design,operation,retrofit analysis,code appliance,technology adaptability evaluation as well as research and education.The new generation building simulation platform DeST 3.0 provides an efficient tool and comprehensive simulation platform for lifecycle building performance analysis and optimization.展开更多
The noise that comes from finite element simulation often causes the model to fall into the local optimal solution and over fitting during optimization of generator.Thus,this paper proposes a Gaussian Process Regressi...The noise that comes from finite element simulation often causes the model to fall into the local optimal solution and over fitting during optimization of generator.Thus,this paper proposes a Gaussian Process Regression(GPR)model based on Conditional Likelihood Lower Bound Search(CLLBS)to optimize the design of the generator,which can filter the noise in the data and search for global optimization by combining the Conditional Likelihood Lower Bound Search method.Taking the efficiency optimization of 15 kW Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor as an example.Firstly,this method uses the elementary effect analysis to choose the sensitive variables,combining the evolutionary algorithm to design the super Latin cube sampling plan;Then the generator-converter system is simulated by establishing a co-simulation platform to obtain data.A Gaussian process regression model combing the method of the conditional likelihood lower bound search is established,which combined the chi-square test to optimize the accuracy of the model globally.Secondly,after the model reaches the accuracy,the Pareto frontier is obtained through the NSGA-II algorithm by considering the maximum output torque as a constraint.Last,the constrained optimization is transformed into an unconstrained optimizing problem by introducing maximum constrained improvement expectation(CEI)optimization method based on the re-interpolation model,which cross-validated the optimization results of the Gaussian process regression model.The above method increase the efficiency of generator by 0.76%and 0.5%respectively;And this method can be used for rapid modeling and multi-objective optimization of generator systems.展开更多
Background:Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection is associated with significant metabolic disruptions,and under-standing how these disruptions contribute to cardiovascular disease(CVD)is essential for improving p...Background:Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection is associated with significant metabolic disruptions,and under-standing how these disruptions contribute to cardiovascular disease(CVD)is essential for improving patient management and therapeutic strategies.By integrating metabolomics and transcriptomics,we aimed to elucidate the cardiometabolic disease spectrum of people living with HIV(PLWH)and to identify biomarkers and pathways associated with disease progression in this population.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional observational study between October 2022 and June 2023 at the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen,China.Participants were categorized into one of four groups:HIV+without metabolic abnormalities(healthy control[HC]),HIV+with untreated metabolic(UM)abnormalities(HIV+UM),HIV+with treated metabolic(TM)abnormalities(HIV+TM),and HIV+with CVD(HIV+CVD).Key metabolic and transcriptomic features were identified through a comparative analysis using untargeted metabolomics and RNA sequencing,followed by statistical and pathway enrichment analyses.Results:This study included 114 PLWH:HC group(n=30),HIV+UM group(n=19),HIV+TM group(n=46),and HIV+CVD group(n=19).Through comparative analyses of untargeted metabolomic and transcriptomic data across these four groups,we identified 580 dysmetabolic features(DMFs)based on significant changes between the HC group and the HIV+UM/TM groups,with no statistically significant differences in the HIV+UM/TM vs.HIV+CVD comparisons.Notably,90.52%of these DMFs(525/580)exhibited reduced abundance in the HIV+CVD group.In contrast,241 CVD-specific features were identified based on significant differences between the HIV+CVD group and the HIV+UM/TM groups.These features,primarily found in the HIV+CVD group,included metabolites and genes strongly associated with chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction—key processes in the pathogenesis of CVD among PLWH.Features that indicated a transition from metabolic abnormalities to CVD were termed escalation features(ESCFs).ESCFs included early biomarkers of lipid dysregulation,such as phosphatidylcholine(O-22:1/20:4),and upregulated genes,such as CAMP,both of which showed progressive changes from the HC group through the HIV+UM/TM groups to the HIV+CVD group.Features that indicated a reversal in expression trends—such as those increasing from the HC group to the HIV+UM/TM groups but decreasing in the HIV+CVD group,or vice versa—were termed de-escalation features(DSCFs).DSCFs included lipid species and genes involved in lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function.The integration of metabolomic and transcriptomic data revealed disruptions in pathways,such as glycerophospholipid and ara-chidonic acid metabolism,with concurrent upregulation of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and the immune response.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis based on the integration of metabolomic and transcriptomic data markedly improved CVD prediction among PLWH,with an area under the curve of 0.965,sensitivity of 84.2%,and specificity of 96.9%.Conclusions:This study identified key metabolic and transcriptomic alterations associated with CVD among PLWH.These alterations,primarily driven by immune activation,inflammation,and metabolic dysregulation,reflect unique molecular charac-teristics of CVD in PLWH.Our findings underscore the importance of early detection and tailored interventions to manage CVD risk in this population,providing insights into potential biomarkers for disease progression.展开更多
Self-powered microelectronics are essential for the sustained and autonomous operations of wireless electronics and microrobots.However,they are challenged by integratable microenergy supplies.Herein,we report a singl...Self-powered microelectronics are essential for the sustained and autonomous operations of wireless electronics and microrobots.However,they are challenged by integratable microenergy supplies.Herein,we report a single-layer(SL)MoS_(2)/graphene heterostructure for stable Zn-ion microbatteries.The MoS_(2)/graphene heterostructure not only provides high chemical affinity for Zn and generates perfect lattice matching for Zn(002)deposition,but also facilitates homogeneous current density distribution.As a result,Zn metal is reversibly epitaxially plating/stripping at/from the heterostructure,without the formation of dendrites.The MoS_(2)/graphene-based Zn||MnO2 microbattery with a tiny footprint area sub-0.1 mm2 shows a stable high capacity of 0.16 mAh cm-^(2)at 0.5 mA cm-^(2)within 470 cycles.Using a single piece of crystalline MoS_(2)/graphene film,on-chip microbatteries and transistors were simultaneously fabricated via a facile lithography process,achieving highly integrated self-powered field-effect transistors and photodetector.The SL MoS_(2)/graphene-based self-powered monolithically integrated microsystem paves a new way for the multi-functionalization and miniaturization of next-generation electronics.展开更多
Zinc powder-based anodes encounter significant challenges,including severe side-reactions and nonuniform Zn plating-stripping processes.These issues lead to poor reversibility and low zinc utilization,which substantia...Zinc powder-based anodes encounter significant challenges,including severe side-reactions and nonuniform Zn plating-stripping processes.These issues lead to poor reversibility and low zinc utilization,which substantially impede their practical applications.Herein,we fabricated a multifunctional carbonyl-containing zinc metharcylate(ZMA)layer on the surface of three-dimensional(3D)zinc powder anode through in-situ modification.The ZMA layer with high electronegativity and highly nucleophilic carbonyl group assists the de-solvation process,which is conducive to the Zn^(2+)transport and homogenization of the ionic flux.In addition,the hydrophobic carbon chains in ZMA work as a protective layer to reduce the Zn powder direct contact with free-water and significantly improving side-reactions resistance.Finally,through the synergistic effect of ZMA and 3D Zn structure,the prepared electrode could cycle stably at 20 mA cm^(-2)/20 mAh cm^(-2) for 1153 h(depth of discharge:38.10%).The stable 3D Zn-MnO_(2) battery with a high capacity retention(84.2%over 500 cycles)is also demonstrated.展开更多
INTRODUCTION Resource competition among conspecific seeds lessens when plant seeds are dispersed far away from the mother plant,thereby enhancing seed survival,expanding the potential distribution area of plant popula...INTRODUCTION Resource competition among conspecific seeds lessens when plant seeds are dispersed far away from the mother plant,thereby enhancing seed survival,expanding the potential distribution area of plant populations,and maintaining the stability of plant communities(Trakhtenbrot et al.2014).展开更多
基金Supported by the Youth Project for Humanities and Social Sciences of Ministry of Education in 2012(12YJC630326 and 12XJJC790003)
文摘The traceability system can effectively reduce the food safety risks, however, it is confronted with various problems during its implementation. In this context, the paper carries out a case study of consumers in Weifang, Shandong Province, and studies their willingness to pay the traceable pork with different quality information. The results indicate that, the consumers show high expectations towards the introduction of traceability system, and they tend to buy the traceable pork only with breeding and slaughter information; their behaviors of purchase are greatly influenced by the following factors: the consumers education, age, income, attention on food safety and whether there are pregnant family members, etc..
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52104386 and 52127807)the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing(NPU),China(Nos.2024-ZD-02 and 2024-BJ-02).
文摘A systematic understanding of the effect of magnetic field intensity on the liquid state-dependent solidi-fication of a Co-B hypereutectic alloy was carried out.The application of a magnetic field promotes nucleation,as evidenced by the reduction in undercooling,and the extent of the reduction is proportional to the intensity of the magnetic field.Nevertheless,for different liquid states,the magnetic field has dissimilar impacts on facilitating nucleation,manifested in the low-temperature liquid is more affected by the magnetic field,and the enhancing effect is more significant.A pre-nucleation model,modified from classical nucleation theory to include clusters as nucleation precursors,has been developed to describe the phenomena of liquid state-dependent nucleation.The model adeptly elucidates how the magnetic field intensity influences the nucleation of diverse melt structures differently,which is primarily attributed to the varying contact angles resulting from differences in surface tension as the magnetic field interacts with distinct melt structures.The present work might be helpful for not only theoretically understanding the effect of magnetic field intensity on the liquid state-dependent solidification but also providing an alternative strategy and criterion to tailor the microstructure and properties via magnetic field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51678349)the Tai Shan Scholar Foundation (No.ts201511003)
文摘Coagulation–ultrafiltration(C–UF) is widely used for surface water treatment. With the removal of pollutants, the characteristics of organic matter change and affect the final treatment efficiency and the development of membrane fouling. In this study, we built a dynamic C–UF set-up to carry out the treatment of micro-polluted surface water, to investigate the characteristics of dissolved organic matter from different units. The influences of poly aluminum chloride and poly dimethyldiallylammonium chloride(PDMDAAC) on removal efficiency and membrane fouling were also investigated. Results showed that the dosage of PDMDAAC evidently increased the UV254 and dissolved organic carbon removal efficiencies,and thereby alleviated membrane fouling in the C–UF process. Most hydrophobic bases(HoB)and hydrophobic neutral fractions could be removed by coagulation. Similarly, UF was good at removing HoB compared to hydrophilic substances(HiS) and hydrophobic acid(HoA)fractions. HiS and HoA fractions with low molecule weight accumulated on the surface of the membrane, causing the increase of transmembrane pressure(TMP). Membrane fouling was mainly caused by a removable cake layer, and mechanical cleaning was an efficient way to decrease the TMP.
基金supported by the National Water Pollution Control and Management of Major Special Science and Technology Foundation(No.2011ZX07303-001),China
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of one kind of food industry effluent, cassava stillage and its anaerobic fermentation liquid, on biological nutrient removal （BNR） from municipal wastewater in anaerobic- anoxic-aerobic sequencing batch reactors （SBRs）. Experiments were carried out with cassava stillage supernatant and its anaerobic fermentation liquid, and one pure compound （sodium acetate） served as an external carbon source. Cyclic studies indicated that the cassava by-products not only affected the transformation of nitrogen, phosphorus, poly-13-hydroxyalkanoates （PHAs）, and glycogen in the BNR process, but also resulted in higher removal efficiencies for phosphorus and nitrogen compared with sodium acetate. Furthermore, assays for phosphorus accumulating or- ganisms （PAOs） and denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms （DPAOs） demonstrated that the proportion of DPAOs to PAOs reached 62.6% （Day 86） and 61.8% （Day 65） when using cassava stillage and its anaerobic fer- mentation liquid, respectively, as the external carbon source. In addition, the nitrate utilization rates （NURs） of the cassava by-products were in the range of 5.49-5.99 g N/（kg MLVSS.h） （MLVSS is mixed liquor volatile suspended solids） and 6.63-6.81 g N/（kg MLVSS.h）, respectively. The improvement in BNR performance and the reduction in the amount of cassava stillage to be treated in-situ make cassava stillage and its anaerobic fermentation liquid attractive alternatives to sodium acetate as external carbon sources for BNR processes.
基金supported by Research Start-up Funding of Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital,No.2021-07(to FB)Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen,No.SZZYSM 202111011(to XDQ and FB)+1 种基金Key Discipline Established by Zhejiang Province,Jiaxing City Jointly-Pain Medicine,No.2019-ss-ttyx(to LSX)Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Neurology and Pain Medicine,No.[2014]81(to LSX)。
文摘Ischemic stroke can cause blood-brain barrier(BBB)injury,which worsens brain damage induced by stroke.Abnormal expression of tight junction proteins in endothelial cells(ECs)can increase intracellular space and BBB leakage.Selective inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase,the negative regulatory substrate of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase(MKP)-1,improves tight junction protein function in ECs,and genetic deletion of MKP-1 aggravates ischemic brain injury.However,whether the latter affects BBB integrity,and the cell type-specific mechanism underlying this process,remain unclear.In this study,we established an adult male mouse model of ischemic stroke by occluding the middle cerebral artery for 60 minutes and overexpressed MKP-1 in ECs on the injured side via lentiviral transfection before stroke.We found that overexpression of MKP-1 in ECs reduced infarct volume,reduced the level of inflammatory factors interleukin-1β,interleukin-6,and chemokine C-C motif ligand-2,inhibited vascular injury,and promoted the recovery of sensorimotor and memory/cognitive function.Overexpression of MKP-1 in ECs also inhibited the activation of cerebral ischemia-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)1/2 and the downregulation of occludin expression.Finally,to investigate the mechanism by which MKP-1 exerted these functions in ECs,we established an ischemic stroke model in vitro by depriving the primary endothelial cell of oxygen and glucose,and pharmacologically inhibited the activity of MKP-1 and ERK1/2.Our findings suggest that MKP-1 inhibition aggravates oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced cell death,cell monolayer leakage,and downregulation of occludin expression,and that inhibiting ERK1/2 can reverse these effects.In addition,co-inhibition of MKP-1 and ERK1/2 exhibited similar effects to inhibition of ERK1/2.These findings suggest that overexpression of MKP-1 in ECs can prevent ischemia-induced occludin downregulation and cell death via deactivating ERK1/2,thereby protecting the integrity of BBB,alleviating brain injury,and improving post-stroke prognosis.
基金financially supported by the fund of National Key Laboratory for Precision Hot Processing of Metals(No.6142909200104)Shanghai Sailing Program+2 种基金National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates(No.S202010699137)Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51690164 and 51801161)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘The structure transition inside the Co-81.5at.%B alloy liquid has been studied by an in-situ magnetization measurement.A crossover was observed on the 1/M-T curve during the overheating process,indicating that a liquid-liquid structure transition(LLST)took place in the melt.Based on this information,the effects of LLST on the solidification behavior,microstructure and tribology property were investigated experimentally.The sample solidified with the LLST exhibits significantly different solidification behaviors,i.e.,the nucleation undercooling and the recalescence extent are conspicuously enlarged,and the solidification time is shortened.As a result,the microstructure is effectively refined and homogenized,and the hardness and wear resistance are significantly enhanced.The present work might be helpful for not only theoretically understanding the influence of LLST on the solidification behavior but also providing an alternative approach to tailor the microstructure and properties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51690164)the fund of National Key Laboratory for Precision Hot Processing of Metals(6142909200104)+2 种基金National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates(S202010699137)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe support of the LNCMI-CNRS。
文摘While there have been multiple recent reports in the literature focusing on the effects of magnetic field on the phase transformation behaviors,the research conducted with an ultra-high magnetic field greater than 20 T is still preliminary.In the current study,the structure evolution of Co-B alloys are experimentally studied with undercooling.The effects of a 25 T magnetic field on the solidification behavior and the subsequent solid-state phase transformation behavior have been investigated.The 25 T magnetic field is confirmed to have little effect on the homogeneous nucleation,but have some influence on the heterogeneous nucleation of Co_(3) B and Co_(23)B6 phases by modifying the wetting angleθ.The decomposition of Co_(23)B6 phase in the subsequent cooling process can be effectively suppressed by applying the 25 T magnetic field.The present work might be helpful for not only theoretically understanding the influence of ultra-high magnetic field on the phase transformation behaviors but a potential technology of field-manipulation of magnetic materials.
基金supported by NIH grants RF1 AG069466(to JL and LDM),R01 NS099628(to JL),and AG069466(to JL and LDM)the American Heart Association award 20POST35180172(to FB)。
文摘Brain functional impairment after stroke is common;however,the molecular mechanisms of post-stroke recovery remain unclear.It is well-recognized that age is the most important independent predictor of poor outcomes after stroke as older patients show poorer functional outcomes following stroke.Mounting evidence suggests that axonal regeneration and angiogenesis,the major forms of brain plasticity responsible for post-stroke recovery,diminished with advanced age.Previous studies suggest that Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate(Rac)1 enhances stroke recovery as activation of Rac1 improved behavior recovery in a young mice stroke model.Here,we investigated the role of Rac1 signaling in long-term functional recovery and brain plasticity in an aged(male,18 to 22 months old C57BL/6J)brain after ischemic stroke.We found that as mice aged,Rac1 expression declined in the brain.Delayed overexpression of Rac1,using lentivirus encoding Rac1 injected day 1 after ischemic stroke,promoted cognitive(assessed using novel object recognition test)and sensorimotor(assessed using adhesive removal tests)recovery on days 14–28.This was accompanied by the increase of neurite and proliferative endothelial cells in the periinfarct zone assessed by immunostaining.In a reverse approach,pharmacological inhibition of Rac1 by intraperitoneal injection of Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 for 14 successive days after ischemic stroke worsened the outcome with the reduction of neurite and proliferative endothelial cells.Furthermore,Rac1 inhibition reduced the activation of p21-activated kinase 1,the protein level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and increased the protein level of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the ischemic brain on day 28 after stroke.Our work provided insight into the mechanisms behind the diminished plasticity after cerebral ischemia in aged brains and identified Rac1 as a potential therapeutic target for improving functional recovery in the older adults after stroke.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(Nos.52104386 and 52127807)Shanghai Sailing Program,Xi’an Association for Science and Tech-nology Young Talents Lifting Program,and the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing(NPU),China(No.2022-TS-08).We acknowledge the support of the LNCMI-CNRS,member of the Euro-pean Magnetic Field Laboratory(EMFL).We also thank Dr.Zheng from ZKKF(Beijing)Science&Technology Company for supporting the characterization of the materials.
文摘Systematic understanding on the magnetic field intensity dependent microstructure evolution and re-crystallization behavior in a Co-B eutectic alloy under a constant undercooling(ΔT≈100 K)were carried out.Absent of the magnetic field,the comparable size of divorced FCC-Co and Co_(3)B eutectic ellipsoidal grains coexist with a few regular lamellas.When the magnetic field is less than 15 T,the elongated primary FCC-Co dendrites parallel to the magnetic field with the dispersed FCC-Co nano-particles em-bedded within the Co_(3)B matrix occupy the inter-dendrite regions.Once the magnetic field increases to 20 T,the FCC-Co/Co_(2)B anomalous eutectic colonies dominate.The formation mechanism of Co_(2)B phase is discussed from several aspects of the competitive nucleation,the chemical redistribution induced by the thermomagnetic-induced convection and magnetic dipole interaction,and the strain-induced trans-formation.Furthermore,the application of magnetic field is found to promote recrystallization,proved by the lower density of misorientation,the appearance of FCC-Co annealed twins and more Co_(3)B sub-grains.This work could further enrich our knowledge about the magnetic-dependent microstructure evolution and recrystallization process in the undercooled Co-B system and provide guidance for controlling the microstructures and properties under extreme conditions.
文摘BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile(C.difficile)infection(CDI)is a rare clinical disease caused by changes in the intestinal microenvironment,which has a variety of causes and a poor prognosis,and for which there is no standardized clinical treatment.CASE SUMMARY A patient experienced recurrent difficulty in bowel movements over the past decade.Recently,symptoms worsened within the last ten days,leading to a clinic visit due to constipation.The patient was subsequently referred to our depart-ment.Preoperatively,the patient was diagnosed with obstructed colon accom-panied by gallstones.Empirical antibiotics were administered both before and after surgery to prevent infection.On the fourth day post-surgery,symptoms of CDI emerged.Stool cultures confirmed the presence of C.difficile DNA.Treatment involved a combination of vancomycin and linezolid,resulting in the patient's successful recovery upon discharge.However,the patient failed to adhere to the prescribed medication after discharge and was discovered deceased during a follow-up two months later.CONCLUSION CDI is the leading cause of nosocomial post-operative care,with limited clinical cases and poor patient prognosis,and comprehensive clinical treatment guidelines are still lacking.This infection can be triggered by a variety of factors,including intestinal hypoxia,inappropriate antibiotic use,and bile acid circulation disorders.In patients with chronic bowel disease and related etiologies,prompt preoperative attention to possible CDI and preoperative bowel preparation is critical.Adequate and prolonged medication should be maintained in the treatment of CDI to prevent recurrence of the disease.
基金the fund of National Key Laboratory for Precision Hot Processing of Metals,China(No.6142909200104)State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing(NPU),China(No.2022-TS-08)National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates.We thank Dr.ZHENG from ZKKF(Beijing)Science&Technology Company for supporting the characterization of the materials.
文摘Undercooling solidification under a magnetic field(UMF)is an effective way to tailor the microstructure and properties of Co-based alloys.In this study,by attributing to the UMF treatment,the strength−ductility trade-off dilemma in GH605 superalloy is successfully overcome.The UMF treatment can effectively refine the grains and increase the solid solubility,leading to the high yield strength.The main deformation mechanism in the as-forged alloy is dislocation slipping.By contrast,multiple deformation mechanisms,including stacking faults,twining,dislocation slipping,and their strong interactions are activated in the UMF-treated sample during compression deformation,which enhances the strength and ductility simultaneously.In addition,the precipitation of hard Laves phases along the grain boundaries can be obtained after UMF treatment,hindering crack propagation during compression deformation.
文摘Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a transient synaptic excitation, followed by depression, which can propagate slowly across cortex, subcortex and retina. CSD is implicated in migraine with aura and may lead to migraine pain. CSD can be suppressed by inhibition of both NR2A and NR2B containing N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors. However, whether there is a synergistic effect of co-inhibition of NR2A and NR2B containing receptors on CSD remains unknown. In this study, an efficient in vitro model of migraine with intrinsic optical imaging approach was applied to address this role of co-activation of both NR2A and NR2B in CSD. The results showed that co-application of NVP-AAM077, a drug selectively targeting for NR2A and Ro 25-6981, a drug selectively targeting for NR2B containing receptors, showed synergistic inhibitory effects on propagation rate and the magnitude of CSD in a concentration dependent manner in chick retina. Inhibition of CSD propagation was also observed by a clinical acceptable drug that antagonizes both NR2A and NR2B containing receptors, memantine, at 10 μM. These data suggest that combinational use of antagonists selectively targeting NR2A and NR2B containing receptors could be a useful strategy for preventative treatment of migraine with improved efficacy with potential alleviated side effects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number:52225801)Tsinghua university initiative Scientific Research Program.
文摘Radiative cooling materials(RCMs)dissipate heat to outer space through long-wave radiation and have recently been explored for building surfaces owing to their ability to significantly lower surface temperatures.Assessing the energy-saving potential of RCMs at the urban scale is challenging due to the dynamic performance of RCMs and complex shading effects among buildings.In this study,an integrated simulation framework for RCM performance and urban building energy models(UBEMs)is proposed,considering the actual urban building form and shading relationships.The energy-saving potential and its spatial heterogeneity were analyzed in a case study of 158,497 buildings in Guangzhou,China.The results showed that installing radiative cooling materials on roofs will achieve a 0.5 TWh electricity(5.2%)reduction in annual cooling electricity consumption and a 0.3 GWe(4.1%)reduction in peak cooling electricity loads.When applied to both the roofs and facades,the electricity reductions increase to 1.3 TWh(13.4%)in annual consumption and 0.8 GW(11.0%)in peak load.The proposed approach enables the assessment of radiative cooling potential in complex urban environments,supporting the optimal placement of RCMs and the development of effective deployment strategies.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0712900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12431006 and 12371093)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2233300008)the Research Council of Finland(Grant Nos.346314 and 364208)。
文摘Introduced by A.Volberg(1997),matrix A_(p,∞)weights provide a suitable generalization of Muckenhoupt A_(∞)weights from the classical theory.In our previous work,we established new characterizations of these weights.Here,we use these results to study inhomogeneous Besov-type and Triebel-Lizorkin-type spaces with such weights.In particular,we characterize these spaces,in terms of theφ-transform,molecules,and wavelets,and obtain the boundedness of almost diagonal operators,pseudo-differential operators,trace operators,pointwise multipliers,and Calderón-Zygmund operators on these spaces.This is the first systematic study of inhomogeneous Besov-Triebel-Lizorkin-type spaces with A_(p,∞)-matrix weights,but some of the results are new even when specialized to the scalar unweighted case.
基金supported by the“13th Five-Year”National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC0702200)。
文摘Buildings contribute to almost 30%of total energy consumption worldwide.Developing building energy modeling programs is of great significance for lifecycle building performance assessment and optimization.Advances in novel building technologies,the requirements of high-performance computation,and the demands for multi-objective models have brought new challenges for building energy modeling software and platforms.To meet the increasing simulation demands,DeST 3.0,a new-generation building performance simulation platform,was developed and released.The structure of DeST 3.0 incorporates four simulation engines,including building analysis and simulation(BAS)engine,HVAC system engine,combined plant simulation(CPS)engine,and energy system(ES)engine,connected by air loop and water loop balancing iterations.DeST 3.0 offers numerous new simulation features,such as advanced simulation modules for building envelopes,occupant behavior and energy systems,cross-platform and compatible simulation kernel,FMI/FMU-based co-simulation functionalities,and high-performance parallel simulation architecture.DeST 3.0 has been thoroughly evaluated and validated using code verification,inter-program comparison,and case-study calibration.DeST 3.0 has been applied in various aspects throughout the building lifecycle,supporting building design,operation,retrofit analysis,code appliance,technology adaptability evaluation as well as research and education.The new generation building simulation platform DeST 3.0 provides an efficient tool and comprehensive simulation platform for lifecycle building performance analysis and optimization.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFB1503700)the Hunan Natural Science Foundation-Science and Education Joint Project(2019JJ70063)。
文摘The noise that comes from finite element simulation often causes the model to fall into the local optimal solution and over fitting during optimization of generator.Thus,this paper proposes a Gaussian Process Regression(GPR)model based on Conditional Likelihood Lower Bound Search(CLLBS)to optimize the design of the generator,which can filter the noise in the data and search for global optimization by combining the Conditional Likelihood Lower Bound Search method.Taking the efficiency optimization of 15 kW Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor as an example.Firstly,this method uses the elementary effect analysis to choose the sensitive variables,combining the evolutionary algorithm to design the super Latin cube sampling plan;Then the generator-converter system is simulated by establishing a co-simulation platform to obtain data.A Gaussian process regression model combing the method of the conditional likelihood lower bound search is established,which combined the chi-square test to optimize the accuracy of the model globally.Secondly,after the model reaches the accuracy,the Pareto frontier is obtained through the NSGA-II algorithm by considering the maximum output torque as a constraint.Last,the constrained optimization is transformed into an unconstrained optimizing problem by introducing maximum constrained improvement expectation(CEI)optimization method based on the re-interpolation model,which cross-validated the optimization results of the Gaussian process regression model.The above method increase the efficiency of generator by 0.76%and 0.5%respectively;And this method can be used for rapid modeling and multi-objective optimization of generator systems.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality(JCYJ20220531102202005)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2024A1515012118)+1 种基金the Shenzhen High-level Hospital Construction Fund(G2022153,25260G1005)the Shenzhen Fund for Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialties(SZGSP011).
文摘Background:Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection is associated with significant metabolic disruptions,and under-standing how these disruptions contribute to cardiovascular disease(CVD)is essential for improving patient management and therapeutic strategies.By integrating metabolomics and transcriptomics,we aimed to elucidate the cardiometabolic disease spectrum of people living with HIV(PLWH)and to identify biomarkers and pathways associated with disease progression in this population.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional observational study between October 2022 and June 2023 at the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen,China.Participants were categorized into one of four groups:HIV+without metabolic abnormalities(healthy control[HC]),HIV+with untreated metabolic(UM)abnormalities(HIV+UM),HIV+with treated metabolic(TM)abnormalities(HIV+TM),and HIV+with CVD(HIV+CVD).Key metabolic and transcriptomic features were identified through a comparative analysis using untargeted metabolomics and RNA sequencing,followed by statistical and pathway enrichment analyses.Results:This study included 114 PLWH:HC group(n=30),HIV+UM group(n=19),HIV+TM group(n=46),and HIV+CVD group(n=19).Through comparative analyses of untargeted metabolomic and transcriptomic data across these four groups,we identified 580 dysmetabolic features(DMFs)based on significant changes between the HC group and the HIV+UM/TM groups,with no statistically significant differences in the HIV+UM/TM vs.HIV+CVD comparisons.Notably,90.52%of these DMFs(525/580)exhibited reduced abundance in the HIV+CVD group.In contrast,241 CVD-specific features were identified based on significant differences between the HIV+CVD group and the HIV+UM/TM groups.These features,primarily found in the HIV+CVD group,included metabolites and genes strongly associated with chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction—key processes in the pathogenesis of CVD among PLWH.Features that indicated a transition from metabolic abnormalities to CVD were termed escalation features(ESCFs).ESCFs included early biomarkers of lipid dysregulation,such as phosphatidylcholine(O-22:1/20:4),and upregulated genes,such as CAMP,both of which showed progressive changes from the HC group through the HIV+UM/TM groups to the HIV+CVD group.Features that indicated a reversal in expression trends—such as those increasing from the HC group to the HIV+UM/TM groups but decreasing in the HIV+CVD group,or vice versa—were termed de-escalation features(DSCFs).DSCFs included lipid species and genes involved in lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function.The integration of metabolomic and transcriptomic data revealed disruptions in pathways,such as glycerophospholipid and ara-chidonic acid metabolism,with concurrent upregulation of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and the immune response.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis based on the integration of metabolomic and transcriptomic data markedly improved CVD prediction among PLWH,with an area under the curve of 0.965,sensitivity of 84.2%,and specificity of 96.9%.Conclusions:This study identified key metabolic and transcriptomic alterations associated with CVD among PLWH.These alterations,primarily driven by immune activation,inflammation,and metabolic dysregulation,reflect unique molecular charac-teristics of CVD in PLWH.Our findings underscore the importance of early detection and tailored interventions to manage CVD risk in this population,providing insights into potential biomarkers for disease progression.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFE0121000)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,the Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University(CX2021042)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62288102)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi(5110210130),the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(5140220004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(G2022WD01007 and D5000230125).
文摘Self-powered microelectronics are essential for the sustained and autonomous operations of wireless electronics and microrobots.However,they are challenged by integratable microenergy supplies.Herein,we report a single-layer(SL)MoS_(2)/graphene heterostructure for stable Zn-ion microbatteries.The MoS_(2)/graphene heterostructure not only provides high chemical affinity for Zn and generates perfect lattice matching for Zn(002)deposition,but also facilitates homogeneous current density distribution.As a result,Zn metal is reversibly epitaxially plating/stripping at/from the heterostructure,without the formation of dendrites.The MoS_(2)/graphene-based Zn||MnO2 microbattery with a tiny footprint area sub-0.1 mm2 shows a stable high capacity of 0.16 mAh cm-^(2)at 0.5 mA cm-^(2)within 470 cycles.Using a single piece of crystalline MoS_(2)/graphene film,on-chip microbatteries and transistors were simultaneously fabricated via a facile lithography process,achieving highly integrated self-powered field-effect transistors and photodetector.The SL MoS_(2)/graphene-based self-powered monolithically integrated microsystem paves a new way for the multi-functionalization and miniaturization of next-generation electronics.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0121000)Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi(2022ZY2-JCYJ-01-10)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Xi’an(24ZDCYJSGG0039)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University(CX2024103 and CX2023029).
文摘Zinc powder-based anodes encounter significant challenges,including severe side-reactions and nonuniform Zn plating-stripping processes.These issues lead to poor reversibility and low zinc utilization,which substantially impede their practical applications.Herein,we fabricated a multifunctional carbonyl-containing zinc metharcylate(ZMA)layer on the surface of three-dimensional(3D)zinc powder anode through in-situ modification.The ZMA layer with high electronegativity and highly nucleophilic carbonyl group assists the de-solvation process,which is conducive to the Zn^(2+)transport and homogenization of the ionic flux.In addition,the hydrophobic carbon chains in ZMA work as a protective layer to reduce the Zn powder direct contact with free-water and significantly improving side-reactions resistance.Finally,through the synergistic effect of ZMA and 3D Zn structure,the prepared electrode could cycle stably at 20 mA cm^(-2)/20 mAh cm^(-2) for 1153 h(depth of discharge:38.10%).The stable 3D Zn-MnO_(2) battery with a high capacity retention(84.2%over 500 cycles)is also demonstrated.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060395,32060256)the Mongolian Plateau Rodent Pest Green Prevention and Sustainable Control Innovation Team(BR22-13-07)+4 种基金the Major Science and Technology Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2021ZD0006)the Science and Technology Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2021GG0108)the Program for Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(NJYT22044)the Grassland Ecological protection and Restoration Treatment Subsidy(Z75070050001-2110405)the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Postgraduate Research Innovation Funding Project(B20210160Z).
文摘INTRODUCTION Resource competition among conspecific seeds lessens when plant seeds are dispersed far away from the mother plant,thereby enhancing seed survival,expanding the potential distribution area of plant populations,and maintaining the stability of plant communities(Trakhtenbrot et al.2014).
