This paper is about short review of earthquake statistics and efforts for earthquake mitigation, hazard and risk assessment studies in Pakistan. Pakistan and adjoining region lying between longitude 60°E to 78...This paper is about short review of earthquake statistics and efforts for earthquake mitigation, hazard and risk assessment studies in Pakistan. Pakistan and adjoining region lying between longitude 60°E to 78°E and latitude 20°N to 45°N are selected for the study as this region has a history of many large earthquakes because of its location in the region of intersection of three plates namely Indian, Eurasian and Arabian Sea plate. This paper is based on the study of both seismological history of the region which includes recent and historical seismicity based on earthquake catalogue as well as geological knowledge supplemented with available fault system information. In this study, Pakistan and adjoining regions are divided into 14 seismogenic zones. Seismicity of each zone is studied considering also the major cities in the respective zone and type of infrastructure which is mainly responsible for earthquake disaster rather than earthquake itself.展开更多
A simple,easy and cost-efficient UV spectroscopic method was developed and validated for glibenclamide,the second generation of sulfonylureas,using 0.1 N NaOH as a solvent.The proposed method is linear(R^(2)>0.999)...A simple,easy and cost-efficient UV spectroscopic method was developed and validated for glibenclamide,the second generation of sulfonylureas,using 0.1 N NaOH as a solvent.The proposed method is linear(R^(2)>0.999)with the range 5-25μg mL^(−1),accurate(99.60%),precise(inter and intraday variation 0.241 and 0.019%,respectively)and robust(<1%).The quantification and detection limit were 1.46 and 0.48μg mL^(−1),respectively.The validated method was applied for in vitro interaction studies of glibenclamide(GLB)with commonly prescribed quinolones(ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin,moxifloxacin,and gemifloxacin)and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)(diclofenac sodium,ibuprofen,mefenamic acid,and aspirin)using UV spectrophotometer.The in vitro interaction studies were carried out in different artificially prepared physiological buffers at 37°C for 2 h.Results showed raised level of glibenclamide when interacted with gemifloxacin(pH 7.4),levofloxacin(pH 9),ciprofloxacin(pH 4.5)and with moxifloxacin(pH 4.5,7.4 and 9).Interaction with NSAIDs results in increased%availability of glibenclamide in the presence of diclofenac sodium,ibuprofen,and mefenamic acid at pH 4.5.The anticipated method can be successfully applied for the routine analysis and also for the interaction of glibenclamide with other drugs.展开更多
文摘This paper is about short review of earthquake statistics and efforts for earthquake mitigation, hazard and risk assessment studies in Pakistan. Pakistan and adjoining region lying between longitude 60°E to 78°E and latitude 20°N to 45°N are selected for the study as this region has a history of many large earthquakes because of its location in the region of intersection of three plates namely Indian, Eurasian and Arabian Sea plate. This paper is based on the study of both seismological history of the region which includes recent and historical seismicity based on earthquake catalogue as well as geological knowledge supplemented with available fault system information. In this study, Pakistan and adjoining regions are divided into 14 seismogenic zones. Seismicity of each zone is studied considering also the major cities in the respective zone and type of infrastructure which is mainly responsible for earthquake disaster rather than earthquake itself.
文摘A simple,easy and cost-efficient UV spectroscopic method was developed and validated for glibenclamide,the second generation of sulfonylureas,using 0.1 N NaOH as a solvent.The proposed method is linear(R^(2)>0.999)with the range 5-25μg mL^(−1),accurate(99.60%),precise(inter and intraday variation 0.241 and 0.019%,respectively)and robust(<1%).The quantification and detection limit were 1.46 and 0.48μg mL^(−1),respectively.The validated method was applied for in vitro interaction studies of glibenclamide(GLB)with commonly prescribed quinolones(ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin,moxifloxacin,and gemifloxacin)and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)(diclofenac sodium,ibuprofen,mefenamic acid,and aspirin)using UV spectrophotometer.The in vitro interaction studies were carried out in different artificially prepared physiological buffers at 37°C for 2 h.Results showed raised level of glibenclamide when interacted with gemifloxacin(pH 7.4),levofloxacin(pH 9),ciprofloxacin(pH 4.5)and with moxifloxacin(pH 4.5,7.4 and 9).Interaction with NSAIDs results in increased%availability of glibenclamide in the presence of diclofenac sodium,ibuprofen,and mefenamic acid at pH 4.5.The anticipated method can be successfully applied for the routine analysis and also for the interaction of glibenclamide with other drugs.
