Landuse change from native prairie to managed agriculture can have substantial impacts on soil nutrient properties. Nutrient release from soil organic matter decomposition is the soil’s inherent source of long-term f...Landuse change from native prairie to managed agriculture can have substantial impacts on soil nutrient properties. Nutrient release from soil organic matter decomposition is the soil’s inherent source of long-term fertility</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">;</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> thus it is imperative to understand the effects of continued landuse over </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">time to avoid mistaking actual soil property changes with simple inter-annual </span><span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">variability from one year to the next. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of landuse (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> managed agriculture and native prairie) in two contrasting physiographic regions (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> the Ozark Highlands region of northwest Arkansas and the Grand Prairie region of east-central Arkansas) on the change in extractable soil nutrients over a 15-yr period from 2001 to 2016. Extractable soil Ca, Mg, and Zn increased at least two times more over time (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> < 0.05) under cultivated agriculture in the Grand Prairie than under native prairie in the Grand Prairie or either landuse in the Ozark Highlands. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Averaged across landuse</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">, extractable soil S increased nine times more over time (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> < 0.05) in the Ozark Highlands than in the Grand Prairie, while extractable soil Na and Mn increased at least six times more over time (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> < 0.05) in the Grand Prairie than in the Ozark Highlands. </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Averaged across region,</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> extractable soil Mn increased 2.5 times more over time (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> < 0.05) under native prairie than under agricultural landuse. Results from this long-term field study clearly demonstrate how landuse and regional soil characteristics can affect near-surface soil nutrient contents, which should be taken into consideration when implementing conservation and/or ecosystem restoration activities.展开更多
The Ozark Highlands is a unique botanical transition zone where native prairie and forest once co-existed, but conversion to managed agricultural land</span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdan...The Ozark Highlands is a unique botanical transition zone where native prairie and forest once co-existed, but conversion to managed agricultural land</span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">use has severely reduced the extent of native tallgrass prairie. Quantifying soil nutrient changes over time can contribute to improved understan</span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">ding of the importance of soil fertility in prairie restoration success. The objective of t</span><span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">his study was to evaluate the effects of prairie ecosystem [</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">, chronose</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">quence of four prairie restorations and a native prairie (NP)] and soil moisture regime (SMR;aquic and udic) on the change in extractable soil nutrients </span><span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">over a 12-yr period from 2005 to 2017 in the Ozark Highlands region of northwest Arkansas. Soil Ca content decreased over time (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> ≤ 0.05</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">) in the 17-year-old-aquic and NP-udic combinations, which did not differ and averag</span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">ed </span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?</span><span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">55.7 kg?ha</span><sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?1</span></sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?yr</span><sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?1</span></sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">, but did not change over time in all other ecos</span></span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">ystem-SMR combinations. Soil Na content also decreased over time (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> ≤ 0.05) in the 17-year-old-aquic combination (</span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?</span><span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">0.7 kg?ha</span><sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?1</span></sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?yr</span><sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?1</span></sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">), but did not change over time in any of the other ecosystem-SMR combinations. Averaged across SMR, soil P content decreased over time (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> ≤ 0.05) in the 17-year-old restoration (</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?</span><span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">1.6 kg?ha</span><sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?1</span></sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?yr</span><sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?1</span></sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">), while did not change over time in the other three restorations and NP. Soil K, Mg, and Zn content changes over time did not differ (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> > 0.05) among ecosystem or between SMRs.</span><b> </b><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Soil nutrient changes are manifestations of soil organic matter dynamics over time and contribute to the inherent soil fertility status of an ecosystem, which needs to be balanced for proper ecosystem functioning and restoration success.展开更多
文摘Landuse change from native prairie to managed agriculture can have substantial impacts on soil nutrient properties. Nutrient release from soil organic matter decomposition is the soil’s inherent source of long-term fertility</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">;</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> thus it is imperative to understand the effects of continued landuse over </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">time to avoid mistaking actual soil property changes with simple inter-annual </span><span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">variability from one year to the next. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of landuse (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> managed agriculture and native prairie) in two contrasting physiographic regions (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> the Ozark Highlands region of northwest Arkansas and the Grand Prairie region of east-central Arkansas) on the change in extractable soil nutrients over a 15-yr period from 2001 to 2016. Extractable soil Ca, Mg, and Zn increased at least two times more over time (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> < 0.05) under cultivated agriculture in the Grand Prairie than under native prairie in the Grand Prairie or either landuse in the Ozark Highlands. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Averaged across landuse</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">, extractable soil S increased nine times more over time (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> < 0.05) in the Ozark Highlands than in the Grand Prairie, while extractable soil Na and Mn increased at least six times more over time (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> < 0.05) in the Grand Prairie than in the Ozark Highlands. </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Averaged across region,</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> extractable soil Mn increased 2.5 times more over time (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> < 0.05) under native prairie than under agricultural landuse. Results from this long-term field study clearly demonstrate how landuse and regional soil characteristics can affect near-surface soil nutrient contents, which should be taken into consideration when implementing conservation and/or ecosystem restoration activities.
文摘The Ozark Highlands is a unique botanical transition zone where native prairie and forest once co-existed, but conversion to managed agricultural land</span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">use has severely reduced the extent of native tallgrass prairie. Quantifying soil nutrient changes over time can contribute to improved understan</span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">ding of the importance of soil fertility in prairie restoration success. The objective of t</span><span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">his study was to evaluate the effects of prairie ecosystem [</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">, chronose</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">quence of four prairie restorations and a native prairie (NP)] and soil moisture regime (SMR;aquic and udic) on the change in extractable soil nutrients </span><span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">over a 12-yr period from 2005 to 2017 in the Ozark Highlands region of northwest Arkansas. Soil Ca content decreased over time (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> ≤ 0.05</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">) in the 17-year-old-aquic and NP-udic combinations, which did not differ and averag</span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">ed </span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?</span><span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">55.7 kg?ha</span><sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?1</span></sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?yr</span><sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?1</span></sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">, but did not change over time in all other ecos</span></span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">ystem-SMR combinations. Soil Na content also decreased over time (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> ≤ 0.05) in the 17-year-old-aquic combination (</span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?</span><span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">0.7 kg?ha</span><sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?1</span></sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?yr</span><sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?1</span></sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">), but did not change over time in any of the other ecosystem-SMR combinations. Averaged across SMR, soil P content decreased over time (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> ≤ 0.05) in the 17-year-old restoration (</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?</span><span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">1.6 kg?ha</span><sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?1</span></sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?yr</span><sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?1</span></sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">), while did not change over time in the other three restorations and NP. Soil K, Mg, and Zn content changes over time did not differ (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> > 0.05) among ecosystem or between SMRs.</span><b> </b><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Soil nutrient changes are manifestations of soil organic matter dynamics over time and contribute to the inherent soil fertility status of an ecosystem, which needs to be balanced for proper ecosystem functioning and restoration success.
