This paper, which is to be collocated with international research studies of the historical origins of corporate social responsibility （CSR）, deals with both the theme of CSR itself and the topics related to it thro...This paper, which is to be collocated with international research studies of the historical origins of corporate social responsibility （CSR）, deals with both the theme of CSR itself and the topics related to it through an examination of the key characteristics of the theories of the master in the field of Italian Economia Aziendale, Paolo Emilio Cassandro （1910-2004）, who wrote an impressive number of works on numerous subjects that are of notable current relevance, including the social role of business, the concept of added value, and the role of the social report in the process of providing information for external purposes. Through an analytical-descriptive approach, our work will focus in particular on certain aspects of his life and works, which show beyond doubt the great value of his contribution to the advancement, at both national and international levels, of research into CSR. The main aim of what follows is to highlight not only the innovative nature of Cassandro＇s studies of the subject when compared with other research carried out in Italy in the second half of the 20th century but also how strikingly relevant they are to CSR as a topic for international scholars today.展开更多
Among individuals with known alcohol use disorder(AUD),the prevalence of alcoholic fatty liver disease(AFLD)is present in 25-90%of cases(1).Shroff et al.(1)report that the annual progression to cirrhosis is 3%in the p...Among individuals with known alcohol use disorder(AUD),the prevalence of alcoholic fatty liver disease(AFLD)is present in 25-90%of cases(1).Shroff et al.(1)report that the annual progression to cirrhosis is 3%in the presence of AFLD,10%in case of alcohol-related steatohepatitis(ASH)and 8%with any grade of pre-cirrhotic fibrosis.Alcohol-related liver disease(ALD)is the cause of 36%of cases of cirrhosis in the United States and nearly one half of cirrhosis-related deaths worldwide(1).Ethanol is a recognized carcinogen for several malignancies with the risk starting at low dose(10 gr/1 unit/day)(2).The link between alcohol consumption(AC)and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is well known:various evaluations carried out by both USA and Italian groups indicate that such a correlation is present in 32%to 45%of cases(2).With the reduction of hepatitis C virus(HCV)cases,AC will become the main cause of HCC in Western countries.Furthermore,ALD and metabolic syndrome(MS)are currently the main causes of liver transplantation(LT)(3).展开更多
文摘This paper, which is to be collocated with international research studies of the historical origins of corporate social responsibility （CSR）, deals with both the theme of CSR itself and the topics related to it through an examination of the key characteristics of the theories of the master in the field of Italian Economia Aziendale, Paolo Emilio Cassandro （1910-2004）, who wrote an impressive number of works on numerous subjects that are of notable current relevance, including the social role of business, the concept of added value, and the role of the social report in the process of providing information for external purposes. Through an analytical-descriptive approach, our work will focus in particular on certain aspects of his life and works, which show beyond doubt the great value of his contribution to the advancement, at both national and international levels, of research into CSR. The main aim of what follows is to highlight not only the innovative nature of Cassandro＇s studies of the subject when compared with other research carried out in Italy in the second half of the 20th century but also how strikingly relevant they are to CSR as a topic for international scholars today.
文摘Among individuals with known alcohol use disorder(AUD),the prevalence of alcoholic fatty liver disease(AFLD)is present in 25-90%of cases(1).Shroff et al.(1)report that the annual progression to cirrhosis is 3%in the presence of AFLD,10%in case of alcohol-related steatohepatitis(ASH)and 8%with any grade of pre-cirrhotic fibrosis.Alcohol-related liver disease(ALD)is the cause of 36%of cases of cirrhosis in the United States and nearly one half of cirrhosis-related deaths worldwide(1).Ethanol is a recognized carcinogen for several malignancies with the risk starting at low dose(10 gr/1 unit/day)(2).The link between alcohol consumption(AC)and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is well known:various evaluations carried out by both USA and Italian groups indicate that such a correlation is present in 32%to 45%of cases(2).With the reduction of hepatitis C virus(HCV)cases,AC will become the main cause of HCC in Western countries.Furthermore,ALD and metabolic syndrome(MS)are currently the main causes of liver transplantation(LT)(3).
