Tuta absoluta(Meyrick) originated in South America and is one of the most serious pests of tomatoes. It is also known to attack other solanaceous crops, including potato, eggplant, pepper, tobacco, and weedy species s...Tuta absoluta(Meyrick) originated in South America and is one of the most serious pests of tomatoes. It is also known to attack other solanaceous crops, including potato, eggplant, pepper, tobacco, and weedy species such as black nightshade. After accidental introduction into Spain in 2006, this pest spread rapidly throughout Afro-Eurasia and has become a major threat to tomato production worldwide. Here, we report the first record of T. absoluta as an invasive pest in China. It was found in tomato fields in Ili Kazakg Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Ili, Xinjiang), China, and its occurrence was confirmed by both morphological and molecular approaches. In Ili, T. absoluta has been found to attack eggplant, potato, and black nightshade. We found the larvae generally mining and feeding on leaves and boring into tomato fruits, with multiple larvae sometimes observed in a single fruit. Its infestation levels differ among the tomato fields and host species. In all of the surveyed tomato fields, T. absoluta infested 100% of plants. In some of the fields, up to 90% of the eggplant and 100% of the potato plants were infested. Since no natural enemies were found under field conditions, suitable management practices are urgently needed to stop the further spread of this destructive pest in China.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To research the effect of Rhodiolae on cognitive function on dementia rats and to investigate its potential mechanism.METHODS Established dementia model via injecting ibotenic acid into basal nuclei,and rand...OBJECTIVE To research the effect of Rhodiolae on cognitive function on dementia rats and to investigate its potential mechanism.METHODS Established dementia model via injecting ibotenic acid into basal nuclei,and randomly divided the model rats into model group,Aricept group(1.4 mg·kg-1)and Rhodiolae group(0.14 mg·kg-1),moreover the sham group was built byinjecting normal saline.All animals received homologous drugs after modeling 1 week,and the sham group and model group were gave isometric normal saline(10 mL·kg-1),1/d.Morris water maze was used to evaluate the change of cognitive function after the rats were treated 40 d,and pathomorphism in CA1 and cerebral cortex were observed by Nissl staining and the numbers of nerve cell in these areas were counted.The concentration of MDA,H2O2,CAT,SOD and GR in brain tissue were detected by spectrophotography.RESULTS Compared to model group,the escape latency of Rhodiolae groups〔(31.10±20.97)s compare to(51.07±13.04)s〕was shortened but it hadn′t statistical difference,and the total swimming distance〔(8469.88±4724.74)cm compare to(15862.17±1315.69)cm〕was shortened obviously,furthermore the times entered the target quadrant〔(9.50±1.87)times compare to(6.50±1.38)times〕and the percentage in target quadrant〔(33.87±4.47)%compare to(26.17±2.58)%〕were evidently increased.Moderate shrinkage of nucleus of neurons in cerebral cortex of model rats,mild hyperplasia of glial cells and loosely neuron was also observed in CA1 area,but those lesions were distinctly ameliorated in Rhodiolae groups.What′s more,the numbers of nerve cells in CA1〔(70.40±4.00)compare to(45.50±4.95)〕and cerebral cortex〔(63.00±5.29)compare to(42.40±11.87)〕of Rhodiolae groups were obviously increased.In addition,compared to model group,the content of MDA〔(14.72±4.42)compare to(19.99±4.70)g protein·L-1〕and H2O2〔(60.07±6.38)mmol·L-1compare to(76.37±6.06)mmol·L-1〕were evidently decreased,the activity of GSH〔(41.30±14.81)k U·g-1protein compare to(15.93±3.59)k U·g-1protein〕was visibly increased,and the activity of SOD〔(5.74±3.76)g protein·L-1compare to(2.72±1.09)g protein·L-1〕and CAT〔(210.45±60.11)k U·g-1protein compare to(171.48±56.50)k U·g-1protein〕were also increased but without statistical difference.CONCLUSION Rhodiolae improve learning and remembering function,ameliorate pathological changes and protect neuronal loss which respond to decrease the oxidative products and enhance the activity of antioxidase.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1200600,2016YFC1201200)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(caascx-2017-2022-1AS).
文摘Tuta absoluta(Meyrick) originated in South America and is one of the most serious pests of tomatoes. It is also known to attack other solanaceous crops, including potato, eggplant, pepper, tobacco, and weedy species such as black nightshade. After accidental introduction into Spain in 2006, this pest spread rapidly throughout Afro-Eurasia and has become a major threat to tomato production worldwide. Here, we report the first record of T. absoluta as an invasive pest in China. It was found in tomato fields in Ili Kazakg Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Ili, Xinjiang), China, and its occurrence was confirmed by both morphological and molecular approaches. In Ili, T. absoluta has been found to attack eggplant, potato, and black nightshade. We found the larvae generally mining and feeding on leaves and boring into tomato fruits, with multiple larvae sometimes observed in a single fruit. Its infestation levels differ among the tomato fields and host species. In all of the surveyed tomato fields, T. absoluta infested 100% of plants. In some of the fields, up to 90% of the eggplant and 100% of the potato plants were infested. Since no natural enemies were found under field conditions, suitable management practices are urgently needed to stop the further spread of this destructive pest in China.
基金The project supported by Key Projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China(81430100)Academic and technical leaders of Sichuan Province to Raise Funds for Funding Projects(2015058)Sichuan Province Youth Science and technology Innovation Research Team(2014TD0007)
文摘OBJECTIVE To research the effect of Rhodiolae on cognitive function on dementia rats and to investigate its potential mechanism.METHODS Established dementia model via injecting ibotenic acid into basal nuclei,and randomly divided the model rats into model group,Aricept group(1.4 mg·kg-1)and Rhodiolae group(0.14 mg·kg-1),moreover the sham group was built byinjecting normal saline.All animals received homologous drugs after modeling 1 week,and the sham group and model group were gave isometric normal saline(10 mL·kg-1),1/d.Morris water maze was used to evaluate the change of cognitive function after the rats were treated 40 d,and pathomorphism in CA1 and cerebral cortex were observed by Nissl staining and the numbers of nerve cell in these areas were counted.The concentration of MDA,H2O2,CAT,SOD and GR in brain tissue were detected by spectrophotography.RESULTS Compared to model group,the escape latency of Rhodiolae groups〔(31.10±20.97)s compare to(51.07±13.04)s〕was shortened but it hadn′t statistical difference,and the total swimming distance〔(8469.88±4724.74)cm compare to(15862.17±1315.69)cm〕was shortened obviously,furthermore the times entered the target quadrant〔(9.50±1.87)times compare to(6.50±1.38)times〕and the percentage in target quadrant〔(33.87±4.47)%compare to(26.17±2.58)%〕were evidently increased.Moderate shrinkage of nucleus of neurons in cerebral cortex of model rats,mild hyperplasia of glial cells and loosely neuron was also observed in CA1 area,but those lesions were distinctly ameliorated in Rhodiolae groups.What′s more,the numbers of nerve cells in CA1〔(70.40±4.00)compare to(45.50±4.95)〕and cerebral cortex〔(63.00±5.29)compare to(42.40±11.87)〕of Rhodiolae groups were obviously increased.In addition,compared to model group,the content of MDA〔(14.72±4.42)compare to(19.99±4.70)g protein·L-1〕and H2O2〔(60.07±6.38)mmol·L-1compare to(76.37±6.06)mmol·L-1〕were evidently decreased,the activity of GSH〔(41.30±14.81)k U·g-1protein compare to(15.93±3.59)k U·g-1protein〕was visibly increased,and the activity of SOD〔(5.74±3.76)g protein·L-1compare to(2.72±1.09)g protein·L-1〕and CAT〔(210.45±60.11)k U·g-1protein compare to(171.48±56.50)k U·g-1protein〕were also increased but without statistical difference.CONCLUSION Rhodiolae improve learning and remembering function,ameliorate pathological changes and protect neuronal loss which respond to decrease the oxidative products and enhance the activity of antioxidase.
