目的:探索针刺治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)的临床选穴特点和规律。方法:检索PubMed、EMbase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(Wanfang)、维普中文期刊服务平台(VIP)、...目的:探索针刺治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)的临床选穴特点和规律。方法:检索PubMed、EMbase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(Wanfang)、维普中文期刊服务平台(VIP)、中国生物医学文献服务系统(SinoMed)建库至2020年7月15日收录的针刺治疗AECOPD的临床研究文献,按纳入、排除标准筛选文献,提取针刺处方及腧穴归经等信息建立数据库,采用Apriori关联规则分析、系统聚类分析等数据挖掘方法对针刺选穴进行频次、归经、分布及关联规则、聚类分析。结果:共纳入文献54篇,提取针刺处方67条,涉及腧穴69个,累计频次475次。使用频次前5的腧穴依次为膻中、肺俞、足三里、丰隆、定喘;所属经脉主要有足太阳膀胱经、任脉、足阳明胃经和手太阴肺经;选穴部位多涉及胸腹、腰背部;特定穴选用以五输穴、募穴、八会穴、背俞穴为多。关联规则分析共得到强关联规则20条,包括丰隆→足三里、风门→膻中、天枢→中脘、定喘+肺俞→膻中、丰隆+肺俞→足三里等;聚类分析得到5个聚类群,分别为:①肺俞;②定喘、膻中;③尺泽、列缺、风门;④足三里、丰隆;⑤天枢、关元、中脘。结论:针刺治疗AECOPD以局部选穴、循经选穴为主,特定穴的选用是针刺组方的重要组成部分,腧穴配伍体现了中医“扶正祛邪、标本兼顾”的治疗原则。展开更多
Microsporidia are highly specialized obligate intracellular parasites that can infect a wide variety of animals ranging from protists to mammals. The classical concept of the parasite invasion into a host cell involve...Microsporidia are highly specialized obligate intracellular parasites that can infect a wide variety of animals ranging from protists to mammals. The classical concept of the parasite invasion into a host cell involves its polar tube acting as a needle-syringe system. However, recent studies show microsporidian spores can also gain access to host cells by phagocytosis. The present study investigated the phagocytic uptake process of causative agent of the pebrine disease, Nosema bombycis, in several insect cell lines. We observed KOH-treated spores and cold-storaged spores can be easily uptaken by all the studied cell types 4 h post inoculation. In contrast, large numbers of freshly recovered spores remained in the culture medium. To further investigate the intracellular fates of KOH-treated spores and cold-storaged spores, electron and fluorescence microscopy were performed. No intracellular germination or subsequent parasite development were observed. Intracellular spores can be detected in host cells by polyclonal antibody 7 d post inoculation, suggesting phagocytized N. bombycis could not be digested by these non-professional phagocytes. Our results suggest that, phagocytic uptake of N. bombycis spores might represent a defense mechanism of the host cells and the intact spore wall barrier enable freshly recovered spores to keep resistance to this mechanism.展开更多
文摘目的:探索针刺治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)的临床选穴特点和规律。方法:检索PubMed、EMbase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(Wanfang)、维普中文期刊服务平台(VIP)、中国生物医学文献服务系统(SinoMed)建库至2020年7月15日收录的针刺治疗AECOPD的临床研究文献,按纳入、排除标准筛选文献,提取针刺处方及腧穴归经等信息建立数据库,采用Apriori关联规则分析、系统聚类分析等数据挖掘方法对针刺选穴进行频次、归经、分布及关联规则、聚类分析。结果:共纳入文献54篇,提取针刺处方67条,涉及腧穴69个,累计频次475次。使用频次前5的腧穴依次为膻中、肺俞、足三里、丰隆、定喘;所属经脉主要有足太阳膀胱经、任脉、足阳明胃经和手太阴肺经;选穴部位多涉及胸腹、腰背部;特定穴选用以五输穴、募穴、八会穴、背俞穴为多。关联规则分析共得到强关联规则20条,包括丰隆→足三里、风门→膻中、天枢→中脘、定喘+肺俞→膻中、丰隆+肺俞→足三里等;聚类分析得到5个聚类群,分别为:①肺俞;②定喘、膻中;③尺泽、列缺、风门;④足三里、丰隆;⑤天枢、关元、中脘。结论:针刺治疗AECOPD以局部选穴、循经选穴为主,特定穴的选用是针刺组方的重要组成部分,腧穴配伍体现了中医“扶正祛邪、标本兼顾”的治疗原则。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30771456)
文摘Microsporidia are highly specialized obligate intracellular parasites that can infect a wide variety of animals ranging from protists to mammals. The classical concept of the parasite invasion into a host cell involves its polar tube acting as a needle-syringe system. However, recent studies show microsporidian spores can also gain access to host cells by phagocytosis. The present study investigated the phagocytic uptake process of causative agent of the pebrine disease, Nosema bombycis, in several insect cell lines. We observed KOH-treated spores and cold-storaged spores can be easily uptaken by all the studied cell types 4 h post inoculation. In contrast, large numbers of freshly recovered spores remained in the culture medium. To further investigate the intracellular fates of KOH-treated spores and cold-storaged spores, electron and fluorescence microscopy were performed. No intracellular germination or subsequent parasite development were observed. Intracellular spores can be detected in host cells by polyclonal antibody 7 d post inoculation, suggesting phagocytized N. bombycis could not be digested by these non-professional phagocytes. Our results suggest that, phagocytic uptake of N. bombycis spores might represent a defense mechanism of the host cells and the intact spore wall barrier enable freshly recovered spores to keep resistance to this mechanism.
