Immunotherapy has brought unprecedented breakthroughs to advanced malignant tumors,yet the immune microenvironment shaped by the tumor stroma has often been underestimated in the traditional focus on the“immune check...Immunotherapy has brought unprecedented breakthroughs to advanced malignant tumors,yet the immune microenvironment shaped by the tumor stroma has often been underestimated in the traditional focus on the“immune checkpoint-T cell”axis.Collagen not only constitutes a mechanical barrier that distinguishes between the periphery and core of solid tumors but also systematically remodels the orientation of metabolism,vasculature,and immune cell phenotypic plasticity through its spatial density,fiber arrangement,and crosslinking patterns(F igure 1)[1,2].Abundant evidence suggests that over-accumulated types I and III collagen drive CD8+T cell exhaustion,NK cell functional inhibition,and tumor-associated macrophage polarization through ligand-receptor networks involving LAIR-1,DDR2,andβ1/β3 integrins[3-6].Mechanistically,collagen engagement of LAIR-1 delivers inhibitory signals in effector lymphocytes,promoting dysfunctional or exhausted states[7-9].In parallel,collagen-β1/β3 integrin signaling activates mechanotransduction pathways(e.g.,FAK/SRC),reducing T-cell motility and immune-tumor contact,while DDR2 activation supports matrix-remodeling programs that limit lymphocyte trafficking.展开更多
Wearable ultrasound devices represent a transformative advancement in therapeutic applications,offering noninvasive,continuous,and targeted treatment for deep tissues.These systems leverage flexible materials(e.g.,pie...Wearable ultrasound devices represent a transformative advancement in therapeutic applications,offering noninvasive,continuous,and targeted treatment for deep tissues.These systems leverage flexible materials(e.g.,piezoelectric composites,biodegradable polymers)and conformable designs to enable stable integration with dynamic anatomical surfaces.Key innovations include ultrasound-enhanced drug delivery through cavitation-mediated transdermal penetration,accelerated tissue regeneration via mechanical and electrical stimulation,and precise neuromodulation using focused acoustic waves.Recent developments demonstrate wireless operation,real-time monitoring,and closed-loop therapy,facilitated by energy-efficient transducers and AI-driven adaptive control.Despite progress,challenges persist in material durability,clinical validation,and scalable manufacturing.Future directions highlight the integration of nanomaterials,3D-printed architectures,and multimodal sensing for personalized medicine.This technology holds significant potential to redefine chronic disease management,postoperative recovery,and neurorehabilitation,bridging the gap between clinical and home-based care.展开更多
High-resolution remote sensing images(HRSIs)are now an essential data source for gathering surface information due to advancements in remote sensing data capture technologies.However,their significant scale changes an...High-resolution remote sensing images(HRSIs)are now an essential data source for gathering surface information due to advancements in remote sensing data capture technologies.However,their significant scale changes and wealth of spatial details pose challenges for semantic segmentation.While convolutional neural networks(CNNs)excel at capturing local features,they are limited in modeling long-range dependencies.Conversely,transformers utilize multihead self-attention to integrate global context effectively,but this approach often incurs a high computational cost.This paper proposes a global-local multiscale context network(GLMCNet)to extract both global and local multiscale contextual information from HRSIs.A detail-enhanced filtering module(DEFM)is proposed at the end of the encoder to refine the encoder outputs further,thereby enhancing the key details extracted by the encoder and effectively suppressing redundant information.In addition,a global-local multiscale transformer block(GLMTB)is proposed in the decoding stage to enable the modeling of rich multiscale global and local information.We also design a stair fusion mechanism to transmit deep semantic information from deep to shallow layers progressively.Finally,we propose the semantic awareness enhancement module(SAEM),which further enhances the representation of multiscale semantic features through spatial attention and covariance channel attention.Extensive ablation analyses and comparative experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.Specifically,our method achieved a mean Intersection over Union(mIoU)of 86.89%on the ISPRS Potsdam dataset and 84.34%on the ISPRS Vaihingen dataset,outperforming existing models such as ABCNet and BANet.展开更多
Copper,one of the most prolific transition metals in the body,is required for normal brain physiological activity and allows various functions to work normally through its range of concentrations.Copper homeostasis is...Copper,one of the most prolific transition metals in the body,is required for normal brain physiological activity and allows various functions to work normally through its range of concentrations.Copper homeostasis is meticulously maintained through a complex network of copper-dependent proteins,including copper transporters(CTR1 and CTR2),the two copper ion transporters the Cu-transporting ATPase 1(ATP7A)and Cu-transporting beta(ATP7B),and the three copper chaperones ATOX1,CCS,and COX17.Disruptions in copper homeostasis can lead to either the deficiency or accumulation of copper in brain tissue.Emerging evidence suggests that abnormal copper metabolism or copper binding to various proteins,including ceruloplasmin and metallothionein,is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.However,the exact mechanisms underlying these processes are not known.Copper is a potent oxidant that increases reactive oxygen species production and promotes oxidative stress.Elevated reactive oxygen species levels may further compromise mitochondrial integrity and cause mitochondrial dysfunction.Reactive oxygen species serve as key signaling molecules in copper-induced neuroinflammation,with elevated levels activating several critical inflammatory pathways.Additionally,copper can bind aberrantly to several neuronal proteins,including alphasynuclein,tau,superoxide dismutase 1,and huntingtin,thereby inducing neurotoxicity and ultimately cell death.This study focuses on the latest literature evaluating the role of copper in neurodegenerative diseases,with a particular focus on copper-containing metalloenzymes and copper-binding proteins in the regulation of copper homeostasis and their involvement in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.By synthesizing the current findings on the functions of copper in oxidative stress,neuroinflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,and protein misfolding,we aim to elucidate the mechanisms by which copper contributes to a wide range of hereditary and neuronal disorders,such as Wilson's disease,Menkes'disease,Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,Huntington's disease,and multiple sclerosis.Potential clinically significant therapeutic targets,including superoxide dismutase 1,D-penicillamine,and 5,7-dichloro-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline,along with their associated therapeutic agents,are further discussed.Ultimately,we collate evidence that copper homeostasis may function in the underlying etiology of several neurodegenerative diseases and offer novel insights into the potential prevention and treatment of these diseases based on copper homeostasis.展开更多
IL-33 and its receptor ST2 play crucial roles in tissue repair and homeostasis.However,their involvement in optic neuropathy due to trauma and glaucoma remains unclear.Here,we report that IL-33 and ST2 were highly exp...IL-33 and its receptor ST2 play crucial roles in tissue repair and homeostasis.However,their involvement in optic neuropathy due to trauma and glaucoma remains unclear.Here,we report that IL-33 and ST2 were highly expressed in the mouse optic nerve and retina.Deletion of IL-33 or ST2 exacerbated retinal ganglion cell(RGC)loss,retinal thinning,and nerve fiber degeneration following optic nerve(ON)injury.This heightened retinal neurodegeneration correlated with increased neurotoxic astrocytes in Il33-/-mice.In vitro,rIL-33 mitigated the neurotoxic astrocyte phenotype and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory factors,thereby alleviating the RGC death induced by neurotoxic astrocyte-conditioned medium in retinal explants.Exogenous IL-33 treatment improved RGC survival in Il33-/-and WT mice after ON injury,but not in ST2-/-mice.Our findings highlight the role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in modulating reactive astrocyte function and providing neuroprotection for RGCs following ON injury.展开更多
Porous carbons hold broad application prospects in the domains of electrochemical energy storage devices and sensors.In this study,porous carbon derived from sodium alginate-encapsulated ZIF-8(SA/ZIF-8-C)was suc-cessf...Porous carbons hold broad application prospects in the domains of electrochemical energy storage devices and sensors.In this study,porous carbon derived from sodium alginate-encapsulated ZIF-8(SA/ZIF-8-C)was suc-cessfully prepared by blending ZIF-8 particles with sodium alginate,forming hydrogel beads in the presence of divalent metal ions,and subsequently subjecting them to high-temperature pyrolysis.Various characterization techniques were employed to evaluate the properties of the prepared materials.The introduction of a carbon framework on ZIF-8-derived particles effectively enhanced the conductivity of the prepared materials.The SA/ZIF-8(1.0)-C sample heated at 800℃exhibited a specific capacitance of up to 208 F g^(-1)at a current density of 0.5 A g^(-1)and outstanding cyclic stability.Even after 10,000 charge and discharge cycles,its capacitance retention rate remained as high as 87.14%.The symmetric supercapacitor constructed with the composite demonstrated an excellent energy density of 14.58 Wh kg^(-1)at a power capacity of 403.85 W kg^(-1).The implementation of this study provides new ideas and inspiration for the development of high-performance supercapacitors.展开更多
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy(ARVC)is a progressive disease characterized by adipose and fibrous replacement of the myocardium.While elevated testosterone levels have been implicated in the pathologi...Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy(ARVC)is a progressive disease characterized by adipose and fibrous replacement of the myocardium.While elevated testosterone levels have been implicated in the pathological process of ARVC,its exact contribution to cardiac fibrosis in ARVC remains unclear.In this study,we analyzed the potential contribution of gender-based differences on the distribution of the low-voltage area in an ARVC cohort undergoing an electrophysiological study,which was indicated by feature selection.Additionally,we established engineered cardiac spheroid models in vitro using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell(iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes(iPSC-CMs)and iPSC-derived cardiac fibroblasts(icFBs).We elucidated the pathogenicity of abnormal splicing in the plakophilin-2(PKP2)gene caused by an intronic mutation.Additionally,pathogenic validation of the desmoglein-2(DSG2)point mutation further confirms the reliability of the models.Moreover,testosterone exacerbated the DNA damage in the mutated cardiomyocytes and further activated myofibroblasts in a chain reaction.In conclusion,we designed and constructed an in vitro three-dimensionally-engineered cardiac spheroid model of ARVC based on clinical findings and provided direct evidence of the fibrotic role of testosterone in ARVC.展开更多
The depression mechanism of sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb^(2+)activated sphalerite in the flotation separation of galena from sphalerite still lacked in-depth insight.Therefore,the depression mechanism of sulfite ...The depression mechanism of sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb^(2+)activated sphalerite in the flotation separation of galena from sphalerite still lacked in-depth insight.Therefore,the depression mechanism of sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb^(2+)activated sphalerite in the flotation separation of galena from sphalerite was further systematically investigated with experiments and density functional theory(DFT)calculations.The X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy(XPS)results,DFT calculation results,and frontier molecular orbital analysis indicated that sulfite ions were difficult to be adsorbed on sphalerite surface,suggesting that sulfite ions achieved depression effects on sphalerite through other non-adsorption mechanisms.First,the oxygen content in the surface of sphalerite treated with sulfite ions in creased,which enhanced the hydrophilicity of the sphalerite and further increased the difference in hydrophilicity between sphalerite and galena.Then,sulfite ions were chelated with lead ions to form PbSO_(3)in solution.The hydrophilic PbSO_(3)was more easily adsorbed on sphalerite than galena.The interaction between sulfite ions and lead ions could effectively inhibit the activation of sphalerite.In addition the UV spectrum showed that after adding sulfite ions,the peak of perxanthate in the sphalerite treated xanthate solution was significantly stronger than that in the galena with xanthate solution,indicating that xanthate interacted more readily with sulfite ions and oxygen mo lecules within the sphalerite system,leading to the formation of perxanthate.However,sulfite ions hardly depressed the flotation of ga lena and could promote the flotation of galena to some extent.This study deepened the understanding of the depression mechanism o sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb^(2+)activated sphalerite.展开更多
The change of soil temperature can affect the regional climate, so it is of great significance to research the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of regional soil temperature over a long period of time for...The change of soil temperature can affect the regional climate, so it is of great significance to research the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of regional soil temperature over a long period of time for the research of the land-air interaction, climate change and ecological agricultural construction. We use the v2.0 and v2.1 data set combined with GLDAS and Noah models to analyze the spatiotemporal variation of temperature in soil layers of 0 - 200 cm in China during the period of 71 years from 1948 to 2018. Firstly, the Mann-Kendall test method is used to research the variation trend of soil temperature over the past 71 years in China and the spatial variation of these trends. Secondly, by calculating the spatiotemporal coefficient of variation (CV) of soil temperature, the spatial-temporal fluctuation of soil temperature in China is further studied and analyzed. Finally, the Hurst index is used to analyze the possible future trend of soil temperature in China. Based on these methods, we have drawn the following conclusions: 1) The soil temperature in most areas of northern China had an increasing trend, especially in the northeast China. The soil temperature in most of the south China had a decreasing trend. The temperature trends of the four soil layers had little difference, and it remained stable on the whole. 2) The regional difference of soil temperature in China remained stable before 1999, and decreased suddenly in 2000. After 2008, the regional difference increased. Compared with the previous period, the temperature in some areas increased or decreased abnormally. 3) The soil temperature in eastern, southeast China and Xinjiang had a relatively significant variation in the 71 years. From 0 - 10 cm soil surface to 100 - 200 cm soil bottom, the spatial difference of temperature gradually decreased, which was due to the fact that the soil temperature was more affected by the surface atmospheric temperature. 4) The soil temperature in the north and northwest of China will continue to grow, and in the southern—most will continue to decrease. The soil temperature in the north of central China will become a decreasing trend, while the temperature in the south of central China will become an increasing trend.展开更多
The prevalence of Solenopsis invicta is associated with habitat diversity,with a preference for various habitats ranked in the following order:ponds,wastelands,green belts,roads,parks,farmlands,and villages.Consequent...The prevalence of Solenopsis invicta is associated with habitat diversity,with a preference for various habitats ranked in the following order:ponds,wastelands,green belts,roads,parks,farmlands,and villages.Consequently,management strategies should be tailored to each habitat.There are two occurrence peaks of S.invicta throughout the year,specifically from March to April and from September to October.It is essential to emphasize prevention and control measures during the active periods of S.invicta.To enhance the effectiveness of these measures,supplementary control should be implemented within 10-15 d following the initial prevention and control efforts.Furthermore,the efficacy of prevention and control is notably higher on the second to third day immediately following rainfall.This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of various agents in controlling S.invicta.A comparative analysis was conducted on the efficacy of three different brands of agents against S.invicta.The findings indicated that a concentration of 0.08%-0.10%indoxacarb exhibited a comparable extermination effect on S.invicta worker ants.However,agents with larger particle sizes demonstrated a reduced efficacy in exterminating S.invicta nests.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the effects of silicon fertilizer spraying on the growth,yield,quality,and overall benefits of rice cultivation.[Methods]A systematic experiment involving the single-spray multi-promotion te...[Objectives]To investigate the effects of silicon fertilizer spraying on the growth,yield,quality,and overall benefits of rice cultivation.[Methods]A systematic experiment involving the single-spray multi-promotion technology of silicon fertilizer via unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)was conducted in three representative rice-growing areas:Ma'an Town,Shuikou Subdistrict,and Luzhou Town.[Results]The spraying of silicon fertilizer markedly enhanced the root development of rice,resulting in increased tiller number,plant height,stem thickness,panicle length,and 1000-grain weight,thereby effectively improving both yield and quality.This treatment exerted six primary beneficial effects:promoting robust and stable seedling growth,enhancing stress resistance,reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers,improving quality,increasing economic benefits,and significantly advancing ecological and social benefits.[Conclusions]The application of silicon fertilizer through spraying is an effective agronomic practice that simultaneously promotes increased rice yield,improved quality,enhanced efficiency,and the sustainable development of resources and the environment.展开更多
Introduction With the continuous advancement of surgical technique,combined vascular resection has become increasingly common during complex surgical procedures.In such cases,ensuring the safe and effective reconstruc...Introduction With the continuous advancement of surgical technique,combined vascular resection has become increasingly common during complex surgical procedures.In such cases,ensuring the safe and effective reconstruction of blood vessels after resection is of paramount importance.When direct vascular reconstruction is not feasible,the application of vascular grafts becomes necessary to restore vascular continuity and function.Commonly employed vascular grafts in clinical practice include allogeneic graft vessels(AGVs),autologous vessels,and artificial vessels.Among these,AGVs offer distinct advantages particularly in its complex structures and satisfying histocompatibility,making it a valuable option for vascular reconstruction.展开更多
Parkinson's disease(PD)is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases.The loss of dopaminergic(DAergic)neurons in the substantia nigra and the decrease of dopamine(DA)levels accelerate the process of PD.L-Er...Parkinson's disease(PD)is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases.The loss of dopaminergic(DAergic)neurons in the substantia nigra and the decrease of dopamine(DA)levels accelerate the process of PD.L-Ergothioneine(EGT)is a natural antioxidant derived from microorganisms,especially in edible mushrooms.EGT can penetrate blood-brain barrier and its levels are significantly decreased in the plasma of PD patients.Therefore,we speculated that EGT could ameliorate PD,and determined its effect on PD development by using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced PD mouse models and neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium(MPP^(+))-induced cell models.Our results show that EGT alleviated MPTP-induced behavioral dysfunction in mice.Mechanistically,we innovatively revealed that EGT was a key regulator of DJ-1.EGT restored DA levels by activating the DJ-1-nuclear receptor-related factor 1(Nurr1)axis.Furthermore,it reduced reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels by regulating the DJ-1-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)pathway,which inhibited oxidative stress-induced DAergic neuronal apoptosis.Combined treatment with DJ-1-si RNA transfection revealed that blocking DJ-1 reversed EGT upregulated Nurr1 and Nrf2 expression in the nucleus,which significantly decreased the benefits of EGT.Taken together,our study suggests that EGT can ameliorate PD and be considered as a strategy for PD treatment.展开更多
Existing studies indicate that gas hydrate-bearing formations exhibit notable seismic velocity dispersion and attenuation. The Shenhu area of the South China Sea hold significant gas hydrate resource potential;however...Existing studies indicate that gas hydrate-bearing formations exhibit notable seismic velocity dispersion and attenuation. The Shenhu area of the South China Sea hold significant gas hydrate resource potential;however, the relationship between seismic velocity dispersion, attenuation properties, and gas-hydrate saturation remains insufficiently understood. Furthermore, a significant mismatch exists between the real seismic angle gather near a well and the synthetic angle gather generated using the convolution method, and this discrepancy may arise from the seismic velocity dispersion and attenuation characteristics of the gas hydrate-bearing formations. In this paper, we develop a rock physics model that integrates White's and Dvorkin's models, accounting for varied types of gas-hydrate occurrence states,specifically tailored to the gas hydrate-bearing formations in the Shenhu area. This model is calibrated with well log data and employed to investigate how gas-hydrate saturation influences seismic velocity dispersion and attenuation. Numerical analysis reveals the coexistence of two types of gas-hydrate occurrence states in the region: high gas-hydrate saturation formations are dominated by loadbearing-type gas hydrate, and formations containing both gas hydrate and free gas may exhibit either load-bearing or pore-filling types. The seismic velocity dispersion and attenuation properties vary significantly depending on the gas-hydrate occurrence state. We further apply the proposed model to generate seismic velocity and attenuation logs at various frequencies. These logs are used in seismic forward modeling employing both the convolution method and the propagator matrix method. Well tie analysis indicates that the synthetic angle gather incorporating attenuation via the propagator matrix method aligns more closely with the real seismic angle gather than the convolution method. This study provides valuable insights into frequency-dependent amplitude versus offset(AVO) analysis and the seismic interpretation of gas hydrate-bearing formations in the South China Sea.展开更多
文摘Immunotherapy has brought unprecedented breakthroughs to advanced malignant tumors,yet the immune microenvironment shaped by the tumor stroma has often been underestimated in the traditional focus on the“immune checkpoint-T cell”axis.Collagen not only constitutes a mechanical barrier that distinguishes between the periphery and core of solid tumors but also systematically remodels the orientation of metabolism,vasculature,and immune cell phenotypic plasticity through its spatial density,fiber arrangement,and crosslinking patterns(F igure 1)[1,2].Abundant evidence suggests that over-accumulated types I and III collagen drive CD8+T cell exhaustion,NK cell functional inhibition,and tumor-associated macrophage polarization through ligand-receptor networks involving LAIR-1,DDR2,andβ1/β3 integrins[3-6].Mechanistically,collagen engagement of LAIR-1 delivers inhibitory signals in effector lymphocytes,promoting dysfunctional or exhausted states[7-9].In parallel,collagen-β1/β3 integrin signaling activates mechanotransduction pathways(e.g.,FAK/SRC),reducing T-cell motility and immune-tumor contact,while DDR2 activation supports matrix-remodeling programs that limit lymphocyte trafficking.
基金the support from the start-up of the University of Missouri-Columbia。
文摘Wearable ultrasound devices represent a transformative advancement in therapeutic applications,offering noninvasive,continuous,and targeted treatment for deep tissues.These systems leverage flexible materials(e.g.,piezoelectric composites,biodegradable polymers)and conformable designs to enable stable integration with dynamic anatomical surfaces.Key innovations include ultrasound-enhanced drug delivery through cavitation-mediated transdermal penetration,accelerated tissue regeneration via mechanical and electrical stimulation,and precise neuromodulation using focused acoustic waves.Recent developments demonstrate wireless operation,real-time monitoring,and closed-loop therapy,facilitated by energy-efficient transducers and AI-driven adaptive control.Despite progress,challenges persist in material durability,clinical validation,and scalable manufacturing.Future directions highlight the integration of nanomaterials,3D-printed architectures,and multimodal sensing for personalized medicine.This technology holds significant potential to redefine chronic disease management,postoperative recovery,and neurorehabilitation,bridging the gap between clinical and home-based care.
基金provided by the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department under grant No.BJK2024115.
文摘High-resolution remote sensing images(HRSIs)are now an essential data source for gathering surface information due to advancements in remote sensing data capture technologies.However,their significant scale changes and wealth of spatial details pose challenges for semantic segmentation.While convolutional neural networks(CNNs)excel at capturing local features,they are limited in modeling long-range dependencies.Conversely,transformers utilize multihead self-attention to integrate global context effectively,but this approach often incurs a high computational cost.This paper proposes a global-local multiscale context network(GLMCNet)to extract both global and local multiscale contextual information from HRSIs.A detail-enhanced filtering module(DEFM)is proposed at the end of the encoder to refine the encoder outputs further,thereby enhancing the key details extracted by the encoder and effectively suppressing redundant information.In addition,a global-local multiscale transformer block(GLMTB)is proposed in the decoding stage to enable the modeling of rich multiscale global and local information.We also design a stair fusion mechanism to transmit deep semantic information from deep to shallow layers progressively.Finally,we propose the semantic awareness enhancement module(SAEM),which further enhances the representation of multiscale semantic features through spatial attention and covariance channel attention.Extensive ablation analyses and comparative experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.Specifically,our method achieved a mean Intersection over Union(mIoU)of 86.89%on the ISPRS Potsdam dataset and 84.34%on the ISPRS Vaihingen dataset,outperforming existing models such as ABCNet and BANet.
基金supported by the Notional Natural Science Foundation of Chino,No.82160690Colloborotive Innovation Center of Chinese Ministry of Education,No.2020-39Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province,No.ZK[2021]-014(all to FZ)。
文摘Copper,one of the most prolific transition metals in the body,is required for normal brain physiological activity and allows various functions to work normally through its range of concentrations.Copper homeostasis is meticulously maintained through a complex network of copper-dependent proteins,including copper transporters(CTR1 and CTR2),the two copper ion transporters the Cu-transporting ATPase 1(ATP7A)and Cu-transporting beta(ATP7B),and the three copper chaperones ATOX1,CCS,and COX17.Disruptions in copper homeostasis can lead to either the deficiency or accumulation of copper in brain tissue.Emerging evidence suggests that abnormal copper metabolism or copper binding to various proteins,including ceruloplasmin and metallothionein,is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.However,the exact mechanisms underlying these processes are not known.Copper is a potent oxidant that increases reactive oxygen species production and promotes oxidative stress.Elevated reactive oxygen species levels may further compromise mitochondrial integrity and cause mitochondrial dysfunction.Reactive oxygen species serve as key signaling molecules in copper-induced neuroinflammation,with elevated levels activating several critical inflammatory pathways.Additionally,copper can bind aberrantly to several neuronal proteins,including alphasynuclein,tau,superoxide dismutase 1,and huntingtin,thereby inducing neurotoxicity and ultimately cell death.This study focuses on the latest literature evaluating the role of copper in neurodegenerative diseases,with a particular focus on copper-containing metalloenzymes and copper-binding proteins in the regulation of copper homeostasis and their involvement in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.By synthesizing the current findings on the functions of copper in oxidative stress,neuroinflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,and protein misfolding,we aim to elucidate the mechanisms by which copper contributes to a wide range of hereditary and neuronal disorders,such as Wilson's disease,Menkes'disease,Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,Huntington's disease,and multiple sclerosis.Potential clinically significant therapeutic targets,including superoxide dismutase 1,D-penicillamine,and 5,7-dichloro-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline,along with their associated therapeutic agents,are further discussed.Ultimately,we collate evidence that copper homeostasis may function in the underlying etiology of several neurodegenerative diseases and offer novel insights into the potential prevention and treatment of these diseases based on copper homeostasis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31670876 and 82171761).
文摘IL-33 and its receptor ST2 play crucial roles in tissue repair and homeostasis.However,their involvement in optic neuropathy due to trauma and glaucoma remains unclear.Here,we report that IL-33 and ST2 were highly expressed in the mouse optic nerve and retina.Deletion of IL-33 or ST2 exacerbated retinal ganglion cell(RGC)loss,retinal thinning,and nerve fiber degeneration following optic nerve(ON)injury.This heightened retinal neurodegeneration correlated with increased neurotoxic astrocytes in Il33-/-mice.In vitro,rIL-33 mitigated the neurotoxic astrocyte phenotype and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory factors,thereby alleviating the RGC death induced by neurotoxic astrocyte-conditioned medium in retinal explants.Exogenous IL-33 treatment improved RGC survival in Il33-/-and WT mice after ON injury,but not in ST2-/-mice.Our findings highlight the role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in modulating reactive astrocyte function and providing neuroprotection for RGCs following ON injury.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075034,22178037,and 22478047)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(2021-MS-303)the China Scholarship Council(CSC No 202008210171).
文摘Porous carbons hold broad application prospects in the domains of electrochemical energy storage devices and sensors.In this study,porous carbon derived from sodium alginate-encapsulated ZIF-8(SA/ZIF-8-C)was suc-cessfully prepared by blending ZIF-8 particles with sodium alginate,forming hydrogel beads in the presence of divalent metal ions,and subsequently subjecting them to high-temperature pyrolysis.Various characterization techniques were employed to evaluate the properties of the prepared materials.The introduction of a carbon framework on ZIF-8-derived particles effectively enhanced the conductivity of the prepared materials.The SA/ZIF-8(1.0)-C sample heated at 800℃exhibited a specific capacitance of up to 208 F g^(-1)at a current density of 0.5 A g^(-1)and outstanding cyclic stability.Even after 10,000 charge and discharge cycles,its capacitance retention rate remained as high as 87.14%.The symmetric supercapacitor constructed with the composite demonstrated an excellent energy density of 14.58 Wh kg^(-1)at a power capacity of 403.85 W kg^(-1).The implementation of this study provides new ideas and inspiration for the development of high-performance supercapacitors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82370322 to CC,82200352 to FZ,82300352 to YZ,22275034 to HX,and 82070343 to MLC)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(Nos.BK20220710 to FZ and BK20230733 to YZ)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.JX13414086 to HYC).
文摘Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy(ARVC)is a progressive disease characterized by adipose and fibrous replacement of the myocardium.While elevated testosterone levels have been implicated in the pathological process of ARVC,its exact contribution to cardiac fibrosis in ARVC remains unclear.In this study,we analyzed the potential contribution of gender-based differences on the distribution of the low-voltage area in an ARVC cohort undergoing an electrophysiological study,which was indicated by feature selection.Additionally,we established engineered cardiac spheroid models in vitro using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell(iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes(iPSC-CMs)and iPSC-derived cardiac fibroblasts(icFBs).We elucidated the pathogenicity of abnormal splicing in the plakophilin-2(PKP2)gene caused by an intronic mutation.Additionally,pathogenic validation of the desmoglein-2(DSG2)point mutation further confirms the reliability of the models.Moreover,testosterone exacerbated the DNA damage in the mutated cardiomyocytes and further activated myofibroblasts in a chain reaction.In conclusion,we designed and constructed an in vitro three-dimensionally-engineered cardiac spheroid model of ARVC based on clinical findings and provided direct evidence of the fibrotic role of testosterone in ARVC.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52074356)Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing(No.BGRIMM-KJSKL-2023-06)+5 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC2904500)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China(No.2022RC1183)Changsha Science and Technology Project,China(Outstanding Innovative Youth Training Program)Innovation driven program of Central South University(No.2023CXQD002)National 111 Project(No.B14034)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University Project(No.50621747)。
文摘The depression mechanism of sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb^(2+)activated sphalerite in the flotation separation of galena from sphalerite still lacked in-depth insight.Therefore,the depression mechanism of sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb^(2+)activated sphalerite in the flotation separation of galena from sphalerite was further systematically investigated with experiments and density functional theory(DFT)calculations.The X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy(XPS)results,DFT calculation results,and frontier molecular orbital analysis indicated that sulfite ions were difficult to be adsorbed on sphalerite surface,suggesting that sulfite ions achieved depression effects on sphalerite through other non-adsorption mechanisms.First,the oxygen content in the surface of sphalerite treated with sulfite ions in creased,which enhanced the hydrophilicity of the sphalerite and further increased the difference in hydrophilicity between sphalerite and galena.Then,sulfite ions were chelated with lead ions to form PbSO_(3)in solution.The hydrophilic PbSO_(3)was more easily adsorbed on sphalerite than galena.The interaction between sulfite ions and lead ions could effectively inhibit the activation of sphalerite.In addition the UV spectrum showed that after adding sulfite ions,the peak of perxanthate in the sphalerite treated xanthate solution was significantly stronger than that in the galena with xanthate solution,indicating that xanthate interacted more readily with sulfite ions and oxygen mo lecules within the sphalerite system,leading to the formation of perxanthate.However,sulfite ions hardly depressed the flotation of ga lena and could promote the flotation of galena to some extent.This study deepened the understanding of the depression mechanism o sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb^(2+)activated sphalerite.
文摘The change of soil temperature can affect the regional climate, so it is of great significance to research the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of regional soil temperature over a long period of time for the research of the land-air interaction, climate change and ecological agricultural construction. We use the v2.0 and v2.1 data set combined with GLDAS and Noah models to analyze the spatiotemporal variation of temperature in soil layers of 0 - 200 cm in China during the period of 71 years from 1948 to 2018. Firstly, the Mann-Kendall test method is used to research the variation trend of soil temperature over the past 71 years in China and the spatial variation of these trends. Secondly, by calculating the spatiotemporal coefficient of variation (CV) of soil temperature, the spatial-temporal fluctuation of soil temperature in China is further studied and analyzed. Finally, the Hurst index is used to analyze the possible future trend of soil temperature in China. Based on these methods, we have drawn the following conclusions: 1) The soil temperature in most areas of northern China had an increasing trend, especially in the northeast China. The soil temperature in most of the south China had a decreasing trend. The temperature trends of the four soil layers had little difference, and it remained stable on the whole. 2) The regional difference of soil temperature in China remained stable before 1999, and decreased suddenly in 2000. After 2008, the regional difference increased. Compared with the previous period, the temperature in some areas increased or decreased abnormally. 3) The soil temperature in eastern, southeast China and Xinjiang had a relatively significant variation in the 71 years. From 0 - 10 cm soil surface to 100 - 200 cm soil bottom, the spatial difference of temperature gradually decreased, which was due to the fact that the soil temperature was more affected by the surface atmospheric temperature. 4) The soil temperature in the north and northwest of China will continue to grow, and in the southern—most will continue to decrease. The soil temperature in the north of central China will become a decreasing trend, while the temperature in the south of central China will become an increasing trend.
基金Supported by 2024 Red Imported Fire Ant Prevention and Control Project of Huizhou City.
文摘The prevalence of Solenopsis invicta is associated with habitat diversity,with a preference for various habitats ranked in the following order:ponds,wastelands,green belts,roads,parks,farmlands,and villages.Consequently,management strategies should be tailored to each habitat.There are two occurrence peaks of S.invicta throughout the year,specifically from March to April and from September to October.It is essential to emphasize prevention and control measures during the active periods of S.invicta.To enhance the effectiveness of these measures,supplementary control should be implemented within 10-15 d following the initial prevention and control efforts.Furthermore,the efficacy of prevention and control is notably higher on the second to third day immediately following rainfall.This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of various agents in controlling S.invicta.A comparative analysis was conducted on the efficacy of three different brands of agents against S.invicta.The findings indicated that a concentration of 0.08%-0.10%indoxacarb exhibited a comparable extermination effect on S.invicta worker ants.However,agents with larger particle sizes demonstrated a reduced efficacy in exterminating S.invicta nests.
基金Supported by Huizhou Municipal Stable Grain and Oil Production Award and Subsidy Project"2025 Single-spray Multi-Promotion Project of Silicon Fertilizer on Rice Crops Using UAVs of Huicheng District".
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the effects of silicon fertilizer spraying on the growth,yield,quality,and overall benefits of rice cultivation.[Methods]A systematic experiment involving the single-spray multi-promotion technology of silicon fertilizer via unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)was conducted in three representative rice-growing areas:Ma'an Town,Shuikou Subdistrict,and Luzhou Town.[Results]The spraying of silicon fertilizer markedly enhanced the root development of rice,resulting in increased tiller number,plant height,stem thickness,panicle length,and 1000-grain weight,thereby effectively improving both yield and quality.This treatment exerted six primary beneficial effects:promoting robust and stable seedling growth,enhancing stress resistance,reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers,improving quality,increasing economic benefits,and significantly advancing ecological and social benefits.[Conclusions]The application of silicon fertilizer through spraying is an effective agronomic practice that simultaneously promotes increased rice yield,improved quality,enhanced efficiency,and the sustainable development of resources and the environment.
基金supported by grants from the Research and Demonstration Application of Clinical Diagnostic and Treatment Techniques in the Capital(Z211100002921025)Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(CFH2020-2-2036)。
文摘Introduction With the continuous advancement of surgical technique,combined vascular resection has become increasingly common during complex surgical procedures.In such cases,ensuring the safe and effective reconstruction of blood vessels after resection is of paramount importance.When direct vascular reconstruction is not feasible,the application of vascular grafts becomes necessary to restore vascular continuity and function.Commonly employed vascular grafts in clinical practice include allogeneic graft vessels(AGVs),autologous vessels,and artificial vessels.Among these,AGVs offer distinct advantages particularly in its complex structures and satisfying histocompatibility,making it a valuable option for vascular reconstruction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20272,82173807,82170497)。
文摘Parkinson's disease(PD)is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases.The loss of dopaminergic(DAergic)neurons in the substantia nigra and the decrease of dopamine(DA)levels accelerate the process of PD.L-Ergothioneine(EGT)is a natural antioxidant derived from microorganisms,especially in edible mushrooms.EGT can penetrate blood-brain barrier and its levels are significantly decreased in the plasma of PD patients.Therefore,we speculated that EGT could ameliorate PD,and determined its effect on PD development by using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced PD mouse models and neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium(MPP^(+))-induced cell models.Our results show that EGT alleviated MPTP-induced behavioral dysfunction in mice.Mechanistically,we innovatively revealed that EGT was a key regulator of DJ-1.EGT restored DA levels by activating the DJ-1-nuclear receptor-related factor 1(Nurr1)axis.Furthermore,it reduced reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels by regulating the DJ-1-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)pathway,which inhibited oxidative stress-induced DAergic neuronal apoptosis.Combined treatment with DJ-1-si RNA transfection revealed that blocking DJ-1 reversed EGT upregulated Nurr1 and Nrf2 expression in the nucleus,which significantly decreased the benefits of EGT.Taken together,our study suggests that EGT can ameliorate PD and be considered as a strategy for PD treatment.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(W2431028,42122029)SINOPEC Fundamental Research Program(P24258)CNPC Investigations on fundamental experiments and advanced theoretical methods in geophysical prospecting applications(2022DQ0604-02).
文摘Existing studies indicate that gas hydrate-bearing formations exhibit notable seismic velocity dispersion and attenuation. The Shenhu area of the South China Sea hold significant gas hydrate resource potential;however, the relationship between seismic velocity dispersion, attenuation properties, and gas-hydrate saturation remains insufficiently understood. Furthermore, a significant mismatch exists between the real seismic angle gather near a well and the synthetic angle gather generated using the convolution method, and this discrepancy may arise from the seismic velocity dispersion and attenuation characteristics of the gas hydrate-bearing formations. In this paper, we develop a rock physics model that integrates White's and Dvorkin's models, accounting for varied types of gas-hydrate occurrence states,specifically tailored to the gas hydrate-bearing formations in the Shenhu area. This model is calibrated with well log data and employed to investigate how gas-hydrate saturation influences seismic velocity dispersion and attenuation. Numerical analysis reveals the coexistence of two types of gas-hydrate occurrence states in the region: high gas-hydrate saturation formations are dominated by loadbearing-type gas hydrate, and formations containing both gas hydrate and free gas may exhibit either load-bearing or pore-filling types. The seismic velocity dispersion and attenuation properties vary significantly depending on the gas-hydrate occurrence state. We further apply the proposed model to generate seismic velocity and attenuation logs at various frequencies. These logs are used in seismic forward modeling employing both the convolution method and the propagator matrix method. Well tie analysis indicates that the synthetic angle gather incorporating attenuation via the propagator matrix method aligns more closely with the real seismic angle gather than the convolution method. This study provides valuable insights into frequency-dependent amplitude versus offset(AVO) analysis and the seismic interpretation of gas hydrate-bearing formations in the South China Sea.
