Model-based system-of-systems(SOS)engineering(MBSoSE)is becoming a promising solution for the design of SoS with increasing complexity.However,bridging the models from the design phase to the simulation phase poses si...Model-based system-of-systems(SOS)engineering(MBSoSE)is becoming a promising solution for the design of SoS with increasing complexity.However,bridging the models from the design phase to the simulation phase poses significant challenges and requires an integrated approach.In this study,a unified requirement modeling approach is proposed based on unified architecture framework(UAF).Theoretical models are proposed which compose formalized descriptions from both topdown and bottom-up perspectives.Based on the description,the UAF profile is proposed to represent the SoS mission and constituent systems(CS)goal.Moreover,the agent-based simulation information is also described based on the overview,design concepts,and details(ODD)protocol as the complement part of the SoS profile,which can be transformed into different simulation platforms based on the eXtensible markup language(XML)technology and model-to-text method.In this way,the design of the SoS is simulated automatically in the early design stage.Finally,the method is implemented and an example is given to illustrate the whole process.展开更多
目的评估基于Kaiser评分的MRI影像特征列线图模型术前预测肿块型乳腺癌脉管侵犯的价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的345例肿块型浸润性乳腺癌患者临床、病理、影像学和Kaiser评分资料,按照7∶3随机分为训练集(n=242)和验证集(n=103...目的评估基于Kaiser评分的MRI影像特征列线图模型术前预测肿块型乳腺癌脉管侵犯的价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的345例肿块型浸润性乳腺癌患者临床、病理、影像学和Kaiser评分资料,按照7∶3随机分为训练集(n=242)和验证集(n=103)。应用单因素和多因素Logistic回归模型分析肿块型乳腺癌脉管侵犯的独立危险因素并构建列线图预测模型,通过受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线、校准曲线和临床决策曲线评估模型效能。结果单因素Logistic回归分析发现,肿瘤最大直径、Kaiser评分、扩散加权成像信号、形状和相关受侵征象与肿块型乳腺癌脉管侵犯相关(均P<0.05);进一步的多因素Logistic回归分析显示,Kaiser评分≥6分、扩散加权成像高信号、形状不规则和存在相关受侵征象是肿块型乳腺癌脉管侵犯的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。Kaiser评分联合扩散加权成像信号、形状和相关侵犯征象构建的肿块型乳腺癌脉管侵犯列线图预测模型在训练集和验证集中的ROC曲线下面积(area under the ROC curve,AUC)分别为0.899(95%CI:0.859~0.939)和0.827(95%CI:0.744~0.909);训练集中特异性为0.845,敏感性为0.840;验证集中的特异性为0.787,敏感性为0.750;校准曲线和Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验结果表明列线图模型一致性较好;临床决策曲线结果显示列线图预测肿块型乳腺癌脉管侵犯可获得较高收益。结论本研究构建的基于Kaiser评分的MRI影像特征列线图模型有助于术前预测肿块型乳腺癌脉管侵犯,并且该模型具有较高的预测效能,可为临床术前评估肿块型乳腺癌脉管侵犯提供参考依据。展开更多
A system of systems(SoS)composes a set of independent constituent systems(CSs),where the degree of authority to control the independence of CSs varies,depending on different SoS types.Key researchers describe four SoS...A system of systems(SoS)composes a set of independent constituent systems(CSs),where the degree of authority to control the independence of CSs varies,depending on different SoS types.Key researchers describe four SoS types with descending levels of central authority:directed,acknowledged,collaborative and virtual.Although the definitions have been recognized in SoS engineering,what is challenging is the difficulty of translating these definitions into models and simulation environments.Thus,we provide a goal-based method including a mathematical baseline to translate these definitions into more effective agent-based modeling and simulations.First,we construct the theoretical models of CS and SoS.Based on the theoretical models,we analyze the degree of authority influenced by SoS characteristics.Next,we propose a definition of SoS types by quantitatively explaining the degree of authority.Finally,we recognize the differences between acknowledged SoS and collaborative SoS using a migrating waterfowl flock by an agentbased model(ABM)simulation.This paper contributes to the SoS body of knowledge by increasing our understanding of the degree of authority in an SoS,so we may identify suitable SoS types to achieve SoS goals by modeling and simulation.展开更多
Chinese International Garden and Flower Expo(hereinafter referred to as Garden Expo) is an exhibition of garden arts and works of the largest scale,highest grade and richest contents in China,landscape design of its s...Chinese International Garden and Flower Expo(hereinafter referred to as Garden Expo) is an exhibition of garden arts and works of the largest scale,highest grade and richest contents in China,landscape design of its sites(garden expo parks) must be innovative. This paper analyzed original innovation,integrated innovation,and re-innovation based on introduction and digestion in the landscape design of Chongqing Garden Expo Park,and introduced the favorable landscape effect made by these innovations.展开更多
A modified co-precipitation method for the production of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 complex was studied. The modification was that part of Al was introduced by adding Al^（3＋） into Cu^（2＋）/Zn^（2＋） solution, and the rest of ...A modified co-precipitation method for the production of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 complex was studied. The modification was that part of Al was introduced by adding Al^（3＋） into Cu^（2＋）/Zn^（2＋） solution, and the rest of Al was added after co-precipitation step in the form of pseudo-boehmite. The prepared samples were characterized by different techniques such as X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption, H2-N2O titration, temperature programmed reduction and scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction characterizations revealed that Al^（3＋） can be doped in aurichalcite lattice, and the maximum doping amount of Al^（3＋） was 5.0% of total Cu and Zn atoms. The Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 sample produced by the modified method, in which co-precipitated Al^（3＋） was 2.5% of total Cu and Zn atoms showed much better activity and stability in water-gas shift reaction than commercial sample. The high Cu surface area（26.1 m^2/g） obtained by decompositon of doped aurichalcite is believed to be responsible for the activity enhancement. The stability was enhanced mainly because of the support effect of γ-Al2O3, which was decomposed from pseudo-boehmite in the calcination step.展开更多
基金Fifth Electronic Research Institute of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(HK07202200877)Pre-research Project on Civil Aerospace Technologies of CNSA(D020101)+2 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project(2022C01052)Frontier Scientific Research Program of Deep Space Exploration Laboratory(2022-QYKYJHHXYF-018,2022-QYKYJH-GCXD-001)Zhiyuan Laboratory(ZYL2024001)。
文摘Model-based system-of-systems(SOS)engineering(MBSoSE)is becoming a promising solution for the design of SoS with increasing complexity.However,bridging the models from the design phase to the simulation phase poses significant challenges and requires an integrated approach.In this study,a unified requirement modeling approach is proposed based on unified architecture framework(UAF).Theoretical models are proposed which compose formalized descriptions from both topdown and bottom-up perspectives.Based on the description,the UAF profile is proposed to represent the SoS mission and constituent systems(CS)goal.Moreover,the agent-based simulation information is also described based on the overview,design concepts,and details(ODD)protocol as the complement part of the SoS profile,which can be transformed into different simulation platforms based on the eXtensible markup language(XML)technology and model-to-text method.In this way,the design of the SoS is simulated automatically in the early design stage.Finally,the method is implemented and an example is given to illustrate the whole process.
文摘目的评估基于Kaiser评分的MRI影像特征列线图模型术前预测肿块型乳腺癌脉管侵犯的价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的345例肿块型浸润性乳腺癌患者临床、病理、影像学和Kaiser评分资料,按照7∶3随机分为训练集(n=242)和验证集(n=103)。应用单因素和多因素Logistic回归模型分析肿块型乳腺癌脉管侵犯的独立危险因素并构建列线图预测模型,通过受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线、校准曲线和临床决策曲线评估模型效能。结果单因素Logistic回归分析发现,肿瘤最大直径、Kaiser评分、扩散加权成像信号、形状和相关受侵征象与肿块型乳腺癌脉管侵犯相关(均P<0.05);进一步的多因素Logistic回归分析显示,Kaiser评分≥6分、扩散加权成像高信号、形状不规则和存在相关受侵征象是肿块型乳腺癌脉管侵犯的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。Kaiser评分联合扩散加权成像信号、形状和相关侵犯征象构建的肿块型乳腺癌脉管侵犯列线图预测模型在训练集和验证集中的ROC曲线下面积(area under the ROC curve,AUC)分别为0.899(95%CI:0.859~0.939)和0.827(95%CI:0.744~0.909);训练集中特异性为0.845,敏感性为0.840;验证集中的特异性为0.787,敏感性为0.750;校准曲线和Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验结果表明列线图模型一致性较好;临床决策曲线结果显示列线图预测肿块型乳腺癌脉管侵犯可获得较高收益。结论本研究构建的基于Kaiser评分的MRI影像特征列线图模型有助于术前预测肿块型乳腺癌脉管侵犯,并且该模型具有较高的预测效能,可为临床术前评估肿块型乳腺癌脉管侵犯提供参考依据。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(61873236)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ21F020003,LY18F030001)the Civil Aerospace Pre-research Project(D020101).
文摘A system of systems(SoS)composes a set of independent constituent systems(CSs),where the degree of authority to control the independence of CSs varies,depending on different SoS types.Key researchers describe four SoS types with descending levels of central authority:directed,acknowledged,collaborative and virtual.Although the definitions have been recognized in SoS engineering,what is challenging is the difficulty of translating these definitions into models and simulation environments.Thus,we provide a goal-based method including a mathematical baseline to translate these definitions into more effective agent-based modeling and simulations.First,we construct the theoretical models of CS and SoS.Based on the theoretical models,we analyze the degree of authority influenced by SoS characteristics.Next,we propose a definition of SoS types by quantitatively explaining the degree of authority.Finally,we recognize the differences between acknowledged SoS and collaborative SoS using a migrating waterfowl flock by an agentbased model(ABM)simulation.This paper contributes to the SoS body of knowledge by increasing our understanding of the degree of authority in an SoS,so we may identify suitable SoS types to achieve SoS goals by modeling and simulation.
文摘Chinese International Garden and Flower Expo(hereinafter referred to as Garden Expo) is an exhibition of garden arts and works of the largest scale,highest grade and richest contents in China,landscape design of its sites(garden expo parks) must be innovative. This paper analyzed original innovation,integrated innovation,and re-innovation based on introduction and digestion in the landscape design of Chongqing Garden Expo Park,and introduced the favorable landscape effect made by these innovations.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51572201)
文摘A modified co-precipitation method for the production of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 complex was studied. The modification was that part of Al was introduced by adding Al^（3＋） into Cu^（2＋）/Zn^（2＋） solution, and the rest of Al was added after co-precipitation step in the form of pseudo-boehmite. The prepared samples were characterized by different techniques such as X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption, H2-N2O titration, temperature programmed reduction and scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction characterizations revealed that Al^（3＋） can be doped in aurichalcite lattice, and the maximum doping amount of Al^（3＋） was 5.0% of total Cu and Zn atoms. The Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 sample produced by the modified method, in which co-precipitated Al^（3＋） was 2.5% of total Cu and Zn atoms showed much better activity and stability in water-gas shift reaction than commercial sample. The high Cu surface area（26.1 m^2/g） obtained by decompositon of doped aurichalcite is believed to be responsible for the activity enhancement. The stability was enhanced mainly because of the support effect of γ-Al2O3, which was decomposed from pseudo-boehmite in the calcination step.
