Recent studies have shown that lipid metabolism is a key factor affecting anther development and male fertility.However,how plants regulating the metabolic balance of multiple lipids to ensure proper anther developmen...Recent studies have shown that lipid metabolism is a key factor affecting anther development and male fertility.However,how plants regulating the metabolic balance of multiple lipids to ensure proper anther development and male fertility remains unclear.Analyzing lipid molecules related to anther fertility and genes responsible for their biosynthesis is crucial for understanding the physiological significance of lipid metabolism in crop fertility.In this study,we compared the transcriptome and the composition and content of lipids in anthers of two upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum) materials,Shida 98(WT) and its nearly-isogenic male sterile line Shida 98A(MS).Transcriptomics analysis identified many differentially expressed genes(DEGs) between the two materials,with the genes of the alpha-linolenic acid metabolism pathway being the most significantly associated with the male sterility phenotype.Investigations on lipids revealed that the MS anthers over-accumulated free fatty acids(FFAs),phosphatidic acid(PA),mono-and di-galactosyldiacylglycerol(MGDG and DGDG),and had a decreased content of triacylglycerol(TAG),which was closely related to the abnormal metabolism of alpha-linolenic acid(C18:3);therefore,the major lipids containing C18:3-acyl chains,such as PA,MGDG,DGDG,and TAG,are proposed to play a major role in cotton anther development.We also showed that an excessive level of MGDG and DGDG caused jasmonic acid(JA) overaccumulation in MS anthers,which in turn inhibited the expression of GhFAD3 and consequently reduced the C18:3 content,presumably via a feedback regulation mechanism,ultimately affecting plant fertility.Together,our results revealed the importance of a balanced lipid metabolism in regulating the development of cotton anther and pollen and consequently male fertility.展开更多
Intervention strategies to control non-point source nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)pollution in agriculture are expensive and there is a trade-off between engineering cost and treatment effectiveness.Implementing strateg...Intervention strategies to control non-point source nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)pollution in agriculture are expensive and there is a trade-off between engineering cost and treatment effectiveness.Implementing strategies often result in unsatisfactory outcomes and massive engineering costs when managing diffusive pollution in agricultural catchments.To address this issue,this paper proposes a robust,handy,catchment N&P decision support system(CNPDSS),an Android-based smartphone system integrated with a web-based geographic information system(GIS).The CNPDSS aims to provide artificial intelligence-driven decisions that minimize N&P loadings and engineering costs for mitigating pollution in agricultural catchments.It consists of four components:a general user interface(GUI),GIS,N&P pollution modeling(NPPM),and a DSS.The CNPDSS simplifies the GUI and integrates GIS modules to create a user-friendly interface,enabling non-professional users to operate the system easily through intuitive actions.The NPPM uses straightforward empirical models to predict N&P loadings,enhancing efficiency by avoiding excessive parameters.Taking into account the N&P movement pathway in the catchment,the DSS incorporates three control measures:source reduction in farmland(before migration stage),process retention by ecological ditch(midway transport stage),and down-end purification by constructed wetland(waterbody discharge stage),to formulate a comprehensive ternary controlling strategy.To optimize the cost-effectiveness of any proposed N&P control strategies for sub-catchments,a differential evolution algorithm(DEA)is employed in CNPDSS to carry out a dual-objective decision-making optimization computation.In this study,the CNPDSS is applied to a case study in an agricultural catchment in Central China to develop the most cost-effective ternary N&P control strategies that ensure the catchment water quality within Criterion Ⅲ of the Chinese Surface Water Quality Standard GB3838-2002 is met(total N concentration≤1.0 mg L^(-1)and total P concentration≤0.2 mg L^(-1)).Our results demonstrate that the CNPDSS is feasible and also possesses an adaptive design and flexible architecture to enable its generalization and extension to support strong hands-on applications in other catchments.展开更多
Semi-transparent organic photovoltaics(ST-OPVs)have great potential for photovoltaic building integration and agricultural greenhouse energy.However,the mutually constraining relationship between average visible trans...Semi-transparent organic photovoltaics(ST-OPVs)have great potential for photovoltaic building integration and agricultural greenhouse energy.However,the mutually constraining relationship between average visible transmittance(AVT)and power conversion efficiency(PCE)remains a key issue of STOPVs.Herein,we innovatively applied a surface texturization strategy by integrating with a pseudo-planar heterojunction(PPHJ)structure to fabricate ST-OPVs,which possess outstanding photoelectric conversion and light management capability.The textured active layer performs significantly improved light capture capability and reduced optical loss due to that the micro-patterned arrays can deflect incident light multiple times.Moreover,the surface texturization strategy can enhance the crystallinity of the active layer and precisely control donor/acceptor inter-penetration,which magnifies exciton dissociation interface and forms ordered carrier dynamics.Consequently,the textured opaque device via blade-coating performs a record PCE of 19.17%(certified 19.02%)and the semi-transparent device achieves one of the highest light utilization efficiency(LUE)of 5.54%with prominent PCE(14.40%)and AVT(38.43%).Most importantly,the excellent thermal insulation performance and color rendering index of ST-OPVs are fitting for the agricultural greenhouses and insulation roofing,which shows that the surface texturization strategy can provide promising application prospects for ST-OPVs in economically sustainable agricultural development.展开更多
FAPbI3 has been extensively employed in high-performance perovskite solar cells(PSCs)owing to its optimal bandgap and outstanding optoelectronic properties.Nevertheless,it readily undergoes the formation of a photo-in...FAPbI3 has been extensively employed in high-performance perovskite solar cells(PSCs)owing to its optimal bandgap and outstanding optoelectronic properties.Nevertheless,it readily undergoes the formation of a photo-inactiveδ-phase during crystallization,and achieving high-qualityα-phase films becomes even more challenging in antisolvent-free fabrication processes.This study introduces a crystallization control strategy based on 2-dimethylaminopyridine(2-DMAP)ligand engineering to establish a“fast nucleation-slow growth”dual-time-domain crystallization mechanism.2-DMAP facilitates the formation of a functional intermediate phase(2-DMAP·PbI_(2)·DMSO)that enables a direct transformation to theα-FAPbI3 phase and effectively suppresses theδ-phase pathway.Theoretical calculations and systematic experimental characterizations demonstrate that 2-DMAP exhibits stronger binding affinity and a greater charge polarization effect than dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO).This promotes the formation of high-density nuclei during spin coating and delays excessive grain growth during annealing,leading to perovskite films with improved crystallinity,fewer defects,and longer carrier lifetimes.As a result,an antisolvent-free PSC device was successfully fabricated,achieving a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 25.10%,one of the highest reported for antisolvent-free spin-coating systems.Under ISOS-L-1 standard conditions,the device retained 84.78%of its initial efficiency after 1500 h of continuous illumination,demonstrating excellent operational stability.Moreover,it exhibited remarkable long-term stability under harsh humid and thermal conditions.This work offers a valuable strategy for the large-scale fabrication of high-performance and antisolvent-free PSCs.展开更多
Ferromagnetism in moiréflat-band systems has been extensively studied in the first valence miniband of twisted MoTe_(2),while its controlled realization at higher moiréfillings remains largely unexplored,exc...Ferromagnetism in moiréflat-band systems has been extensively studied in the first valence miniband of twisted MoTe_(2),while its controlled realization at higher moiréfillings remains largely unexplored,except for very recent works reporting correlated magnetism near half filling of the second moiréband.Here,we investigate rhombohedral-stacked twisted MoTe_(2)/hBN/WSe_(2) heterostructures and uncover two distinct ferromagnetic(FM)regions:one centered near v_(h)≈3(half filling of the second moirévalence miniband)at zero displacement field,and a re-entrant FM phase that emerges for v_(h)>3 only under a finite out-of-plane electric field.These FM regions are separated by a narrow filling window with a strongly suppressed magnetic circular dichroism(MCD)response.Layer-sensitive exciton spectroscopy identifies that WSe_(2) is hole-doped in the re-entrant FM region,consistent with partial charge transfer from MoTe_(2) to WSe_(2).We propose that electric-field–induced layer repopulation stabilizes the re-entrant ferromagnetic phase by pinning the effective MoTe_(2) filling near v_(h)≈3 while adding carriers to the remote WSe_(2) layer.Our results demonstrate that remote-layer population control is an effective tuning knob for magnetic ordering in higher moiréminibands,extending the design space for correlated spin–valley phases in transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures.展开更多
针对线控转向(steer by wire, SBW)系统主动转向时面临的系统参数不确定性、轮胎回正力矩阻碍、转向电机电磁特性耦合等非线性干扰问题,提出一种自适应抗扰转角控制策略。采用径向基函数神经网络和鲁棒滑模理论设计外环转角控制器,自适...针对线控转向(steer by wire, SBW)系统主动转向时面临的系统参数不确定性、轮胎回正力矩阻碍、转向电机电磁特性耦合等非线性干扰问题,提出一种自适应抗扰转角控制策略。采用径向基函数神经网络和鲁棒滑模理论设计外环转角控制器,自适应补偿SBW系统参数不确定性和轮胎回正力矩阻碍。在内环电流控制器中引入线性自抗扰控制应对转向执行电机电磁特性耦合问题,提高SBW系统动态响应性能。仿真和硬件在环试验结果表明,设计的控制策略能够帮助SBW在多种工况中维持转角稳态跟随误差在1.5°内。展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of LW-AFC,a new formula derived fromLiuwei Dihuang decoction,on gut microbiota and the behavior of learning and memory of SAMP8 mice,a mouse model of Alzheimer Disease(AD),and iden...OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of LW-AFC,a new formula derived fromLiuwei Dihuang decoction,on gut microbiota and the behavior of learning and memory of SAMP8 mice,a mouse model of Alzheimer Disease(AD),and identify the specific intestinal microbiota correlating with cognitive ability.METHODS Morris-water maze test,novel object recognition test and shuttle-box test were conducted to observe the ability of learning and memory.16S rRNA amplicon sequencing(Illumina,San Diego,CA,USA)was employed to investigate gut microbiota.RESULTS The treatment of LW-AFC improved cognitive impairments of SAMP8 mice,including spatial learning and memory ability,active avoidance response,and object recognition memory capability.Our data indicated that there were significantly 8 increased and 12 decreased operational taxonomic units(OTUs)in the gut microbiota of SAMP8 mice compared with senescence accelerated mouse resistant 1(SAMR1) strains,the control of SAMP8 mice.The treatment of LW-AFC altered 22(16 increased and 6 decreased)OTUs in SAMP8 mice and among them,15 OTUs could be reversed by LW-AFC treatment resulting in a microbial composition similar to that of SAMR1 mice.We further showed that there were7(3 negative and 4 positive correlation)OTUs significantly correlated with all the three types of cognitive abilities,at the order level,including Bacteroidales,Clostridiales,Desulfovibrionales,CW040,and two unclassified orders.LW-AFC had influences on bacterial taxa correlated with the abilities of learning and memory in SAMP8 mice and restored them to SAMR1 mice.CONCLUSION The effects of LW-AFC on improving cognitive impairments of SAMP8 mice might be via modulating intestinal microbiome and LW-AFC could be used as a potential anti-AD agent.展开更多
As the channel for grain boundary diffusion(GBD)in Nd–Fe–B magnets,grain boundary(GB)phases have a very important effect on GBD.As doping elements that are commonly used to regulate the GB phases in Nd–Fe–B sinter...As the channel for grain boundary diffusion(GBD)in Nd–Fe–B magnets,grain boundary(GB)phases have a very important effect on GBD.As doping elements that are commonly used to regulate the GB phases in Nd–Fe–B sintered magnets,the influences of Ga and Zr on GBD were investigated in this work.The results show that the Zr-doped magnet has the highest coercivity increment(7.97 kOe)by GBD,which is almost twice that of the Ga-doped magnet(4.32 kOe)and the magnet without Ga and Zr(3.24 kOe).Microstructure analysis shows that ZrB_(2)formed in the Zr-doped magnet plays a key role in increasing the diffusion depth.A continuous diffusion channel in the magnet can form because of the presence of ZrB_(2).ZrB_(2)can also increase the defect concentration in GB phases,which can facilitate GBD.Although Ga can also improve the diffusion depth,its effect is not very obvious.The micromagnetic simulation based on the experimental results also proves that the distribution of Tb in the Zr-doped magnet after GBD is beneficial to coercivity.This study reveals that the doping elements Ga and Zr in Nd–Fe–B play an important role in GBD,and could provide a new perspective for researchers to improve the effects of GBD.展开更多
With the continuous upgrading of traditional manufacturing industries and the rapid rise of emerging technology fields,the performance requirements for the permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSMs)have become higher ...With the continuous upgrading of traditional manufacturing industries and the rapid rise of emerging technology fields,the performance requirements for the permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSMs)have become higher and higher.The importance of fast and accurate electromagnetic thermal coupling analysis of such motors becomes more and more prominent.In view of this,the surfacemounted PMSM(SPMSM)equipped with unequally thick magnetic poles is taken as the main object and its electromagnetic thermal coupling analytical model(ETc AM)is investigated.First,the electromagnetic analytical model(EAM)is studied based on the modified subdomain method.It realizes the fast calculation of key electromagnetic characteristics.Subsequently,the 3D thermal analytical model(TAM)is developed by combining the EAM,the lumped parameter thermal network method(LPTNM),and the partial differential equation of heat flux.It realizes the fast calculation of key thermal characteristics in 3D space.Further,the information transfer channel between EAM and TAM is built with reference to the intrinsic connection between electromagnetic field and temperature field.Thereby,the novel ETcAM is proposed to realize the fast and accurate prediction of electromagnetic and temperature fields.Besides,ETcAM has a lot to commend it.One is that it well accounts for the complex structure,saturation,and heat exchange behavior.Second,it saves a lot of computer resources.It offers boundless possibilities for initial design,scheme evaluation,and optimization of motors.Finally,the validity,accuracy,and practicality of this study are verified by simulation and experiment.展开更多
Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)is a typical self-pollinating crop with obvious heterosis in hybrids.Consequently,the use of morphological markers during the pepper seedling stage is crucial for pepper breeding.The color of...Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)is a typical self-pollinating crop with obvious heterosis in hybrids.Consequently,the use of morphological markers during the pepper seedling stage is crucial for pepper breeding.The color of hypocotyl is widely used as a phenotypic marker in crossing studies of pepper.Pepper accessions generally have purple hypocotyls,which are mainly due to the anthocyanin accumulation in seedlings,and green hypocotyls are rarely observed in pepper.Here we reported the characterization of a green hypocotyl mutant of pepper,Cha1,which was identified from a pepper ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS)mutant library.Fine mapping revealed that the causal gene,CaTTG1,belonging to the WD40 repeat family,controlled the green hypocotyl phenotype of the mutant.Virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)confirmed that CaTTG1 regulated anthocyanin accumulation.RNA-seq data showed that expression of structural genes CaDFR,CaANS,and CaUF3GT in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway was significantly decreased in Cha1 compared to the wild type.Yeast two-hybrid(Y2H)experiments also confirmed that CaTTG1 activated the synthesis of anthocyanin structural genes by forming a MBW complex with CaAN1 and CaGL3.In summary,this study provided a green hypocotyl mutant of pepper,and the Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR(KASP)marker developed based on the mutation site of the underlying gene would be helpful for pepper breeding.展开更多
The mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of two nickel-based superalloys with and without oxide dispersion strengthened(ODS)phases at different temperatures were studied.The microstructure was investigated b...The mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of two nickel-based superalloys with and without oxide dispersion strengthened(ODS)phases at different temperatures were studied.The microstructure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The results show that the yield strength of the samples with and without ODS phases at room temperature is 1020 and 324 MPa,respectively.The yield strength model was constructed,and it is found that the contribution of grain boundary strengthening,dislocation strengthening and nanoparticle strengthening of nickel-based ODS superalloy exceeds 83%.As the temperature increases,grain boundary sliding and migration decrease the strength of sample but improve its ductility.Oxidation hinders the ductility of sample and intensifies its fracture,and the maximum elongation of nickel-based ODS superalloy at 800℃ is 47.3%.展开更多
The pursuit of Ag-based alloys with both high strength and toughness has posed a longstanding chal-lenge.In this study,we investigated the cluster strengthening and grain refinement toughening mecha-nisms in fully oxi...The pursuit of Ag-based alloys with both high strength and toughness has posed a longstanding chal-lenge.In this study,we investigated the cluster strengthening and grain refinement toughening mecha-nisms in fully oxidized AgMgNi alloys,which were internally oxidized at 800℃ for 8 h under an oxy-gen atmosphere.We found that Mg-O clusters contributed to the hardening(138 HV)and strengthening(376.9 MPa)of the AgMg alloy through solid solution strengthening effects,albeit at the expense of duc-tility.To address this limitation,we introduced Ni nanoparticles into the AgMg alloy,resulting in signifi-cant grain refinement within its microstructure.Specifically,the grain size decreased from 67.2μm in the oxidized AgMg alloy to below 6.0μm in the oxidized AgMgNi alloy containing 0.3 wt%Ni.Consequently,the toughness increased significantly,rising from toughness value of 2177.9 MJ m^(-3) in the oxidized AgMg alloy to 6186.1 MJ m^(-3) in the oxidized AgMgNi alloy,representing a remarkable 2.8-fold enhancement.Furthermore,the internally oxidized AgMgNi alloy attained a strength of up to 387.6 MPa,comparable to that of the internally oxidized AgMg alloy,thereby demonstrating the successful realization of concurrent strengthening and toughening.These results collectively offer a novel approach for the design of high-performance alloys through the synergistic combination of cluster strengthening and grain refinement toughening.展开更多
With the change of the main influencing factors such as structural configuration and impact conditions,reinforced concrete slabs exhibit different mechanical behaviors with different failure patterns,and the failure m...With the change of the main influencing factors such as structural configuration and impact conditions,reinforced concrete slabs exhibit different mechanical behaviors with different failure patterns,and the failure modes are transformed.In order to reveal the failure mode and transformation rule of reinforced concrete slabs under impact loads,a dynamic impact response test was carried out using a drop hammer test device.The dynamic data pertaining to the impact force,support reaction force,structural displacement,and reinforcement strain were obtained through the use of digital image correlation technology(DIC),impact force measurement,and strain measurement.The analysis of the ultimate damage state of the reinforced concrete slab identified four distinct types of impact failure modes:local failure by stamping,overall failure by stamping,local-overall coupling failure,and local failure by punching.Additionally,the influence laws of hammerhead shape,hammer height,and reinforcement ratio on the dynamic response and failure mode transformation of the slab were revealed.The results indicate that:(1)The local damage to the slab by the plane hammer is readily apparent,while the overall damage by the spherical hammer is more pronounced.(2)In comparison to the high reinforcement ratio slabs,the overall bending resistance of the low reinforcement ratio slabs is significantly inferior,and the slab back exhibits further cracks.(3)As the hammer height increases,the slab failure mode undergoes a transformation,shifting from local failure by stamping and overall failure by stamping to local-overall coupling failure and local failure by punching.(4)Three failure mode thresholds have been established,and by comparing the peak impact force with the failure thresholds,the failure mode of the slab can be effectively determined.展开更多
The first example of Nd@C_(3)N_(4)-photoredox/chlorine dual catalyzed alkylation with unactivated alkanes as the alkyl sources has been developed,which allows for the synthesis of various 4-alkylated cyclic sulfonyl k...The first example of Nd@C_(3)N_(4)-photoredox/chlorine dual catalyzed alkylation with unactivated alkanes as the alkyl sources has been developed,which allows for the synthesis of various 4-alkylated cyclic sulfonyl ketimines.In this process,chlorine functions as both a redox and hydrogen atom transfer catalyst.The synergism of the reversible Nd^(2+)/Nd^(3+)and Cl^(ˉ)/Cl˙redox pairs significantly enhances overall photocatalytic efficiency.The in vitro anticancer activity of 4-alkylated products was evaluated by using the CCK8assay against both human choroidal melanoma(MUM-2B)and lung cancer(A549)cell.Compound 3da showed approximately triple the potency of 5-fluorouracil.展开更多
Propelled by the rise of artificial intelligence,cloud services,and data center applications,next-generation,low-power,local-oscillator-less,digital signal processing(DSP)-free,and short-reach coherent optical communi...Propelled by the rise of artificial intelligence,cloud services,and data center applications,next-generation,low-power,local-oscillator-less,digital signal processing(DSP)-free,and short-reach coherent optical communication has evolved into an increasingly prominent area of research in recent years.Here,we demonstrate DSP-free coherent optical transmission by analog signal processing in frequency synchronous optical network(FSON)architecture,which supports polarization multiplexing and higher-order modulation formats.The FSON architecture that allows the numerous laser sources of optical transceivers within a data center can be quasi-synchronized by means of a tree-distributed homology architecture.In conjunction with our proposed pilot-tone assisted Costas loop for an analog coherent receiver,we achieve a record dual-polarization 224-Gb/s 16-QAM 5-km mismatch transmission with reset-free carrier phase recovery in the optical domain.Our proposed DSP-free analog coherent detection system based on the FSON makes it a promising solution for next-generation,low-power,and high-capacity coherent data center interconnects.展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology Major Program of Bingtuan,China (2023AA008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31960369)+1 种基金the Bingtuan Science and Technology Program,China (2025DA001)the Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project,China (222102110200)。
文摘Recent studies have shown that lipid metabolism is a key factor affecting anther development and male fertility.However,how plants regulating the metabolic balance of multiple lipids to ensure proper anther development and male fertility remains unclear.Analyzing lipid molecules related to anther fertility and genes responsible for their biosynthesis is crucial for understanding the physiological significance of lipid metabolism in crop fertility.In this study,we compared the transcriptome and the composition and content of lipids in anthers of two upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum) materials,Shida 98(WT) and its nearly-isogenic male sterile line Shida 98A(MS).Transcriptomics analysis identified many differentially expressed genes(DEGs) between the two materials,with the genes of the alpha-linolenic acid metabolism pathway being the most significantly associated with the male sterility phenotype.Investigations on lipids revealed that the MS anthers over-accumulated free fatty acids(FFAs),phosphatidic acid(PA),mono-and di-galactosyldiacylglycerol(MGDG and DGDG),and had a decreased content of triacylglycerol(TAG),which was closely related to the abnormal metabolism of alpha-linolenic acid(C18:3);therefore,the major lipids containing C18:3-acyl chains,such as PA,MGDG,DGDG,and TAG,are proposed to play a major role in cotton anther development.We also showed that an excessive level of MGDG and DGDG caused jasmonic acid(JA) overaccumulation in MS anthers,which in turn inhibited the expression of GhFAD3 and consequently reduced the C18:3 content,presumably via a feedback regulation mechanism,ultimately affecting plant fertility.Together,our results revealed the importance of a balanced lipid metabolism in regulating the development of cotton anther and pollen and consequently male fertility.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFD1700104 and 2022YFE0209200-03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42161144002 and 41977156)+3 种基金the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation,China(2022GXNSFBA035625)the Guangxi Technology Base and Talent Subject,China(Guike AD22035927)the Shandong Key Research and Development Project,China(2022TZXD0045)the State Key Laboratory of Earth System Numerical Modeling and Application,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘Intervention strategies to control non-point source nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)pollution in agriculture are expensive and there is a trade-off between engineering cost and treatment effectiveness.Implementing strategies often result in unsatisfactory outcomes and massive engineering costs when managing diffusive pollution in agricultural catchments.To address this issue,this paper proposes a robust,handy,catchment N&P decision support system(CNPDSS),an Android-based smartphone system integrated with a web-based geographic information system(GIS).The CNPDSS aims to provide artificial intelligence-driven decisions that minimize N&P loadings and engineering costs for mitigating pollution in agricultural catchments.It consists of four components:a general user interface(GUI),GIS,N&P pollution modeling(NPPM),and a DSS.The CNPDSS simplifies the GUI and integrates GIS modules to create a user-friendly interface,enabling non-professional users to operate the system easily through intuitive actions.The NPPM uses straightforward empirical models to predict N&P loadings,enhancing efficiency by avoiding excessive parameters.Taking into account the N&P movement pathway in the catchment,the DSS incorporates three control measures:source reduction in farmland(before migration stage),process retention by ecological ditch(midway transport stage),and down-end purification by constructed wetland(waterbody discharge stage),to formulate a comprehensive ternary controlling strategy.To optimize the cost-effectiveness of any proposed N&P control strategies for sub-catchments,a differential evolution algorithm(DEA)is employed in CNPDSS to carry out a dual-objective decision-making optimization computation.In this study,the CNPDSS is applied to a case study in an agricultural catchment in Central China to develop the most cost-effective ternary N&P control strategies that ensure the catchment water quality within Criterion Ⅲ of the Chinese Surface Water Quality Standard GB3838-2002 is met(total N concentration≤1.0 mg L^(-1)and total P concentration≤0.2 mg L^(-1)).Our results demonstrate that the CNPDSS is feasible and also possesses an adaptive design and flexible architecture to enable its generalization and extension to support strong hands-on applications in other catchments.
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52333006)the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52303232)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20242BAB20184)the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(52373186)。
文摘Semi-transparent organic photovoltaics(ST-OPVs)have great potential for photovoltaic building integration and agricultural greenhouse energy.However,the mutually constraining relationship between average visible transmittance(AVT)and power conversion efficiency(PCE)remains a key issue of STOPVs.Herein,we innovatively applied a surface texturization strategy by integrating with a pseudo-planar heterojunction(PPHJ)structure to fabricate ST-OPVs,which possess outstanding photoelectric conversion and light management capability.The textured active layer performs significantly improved light capture capability and reduced optical loss due to that the micro-patterned arrays can deflect incident light multiple times.Moreover,the surface texturization strategy can enhance the crystallinity of the active layer and precisely control donor/acceptor inter-penetration,which magnifies exciton dissociation interface and forms ordered carrier dynamics.Consequently,the textured opaque device via blade-coating performs a record PCE of 19.17%(certified 19.02%)and the semi-transparent device achieves one of the highest light utilization efficiency(LUE)of 5.54%with prominent PCE(14.40%)and AVT(38.43%).Most importantly,the excellent thermal insulation performance and color rendering index of ST-OPVs are fitting for the agricultural greenhouses and insulation roofing,which shows that the surface texturization strategy can provide promising application prospects for ST-OPVs in economically sustainable agricultural development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62374104, 62374103)the Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province (tsqn2023120051105)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2023QE321)the Shandong University-Muerhls Joint Laboratory
文摘FAPbI3 has been extensively employed in high-performance perovskite solar cells(PSCs)owing to its optimal bandgap and outstanding optoelectronic properties.Nevertheless,it readily undergoes the formation of a photo-inactiveδ-phase during crystallization,and achieving high-qualityα-phase films becomes even more challenging in antisolvent-free fabrication processes.This study introduces a crystallization control strategy based on 2-dimethylaminopyridine(2-DMAP)ligand engineering to establish a“fast nucleation-slow growth”dual-time-domain crystallization mechanism.2-DMAP facilitates the formation of a functional intermediate phase(2-DMAP·PbI_(2)·DMSO)that enables a direct transformation to theα-FAPbI3 phase and effectively suppresses theδ-phase pathway.Theoretical calculations and systematic experimental characterizations demonstrate that 2-DMAP exhibits stronger binding affinity and a greater charge polarization effect than dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO).This promotes the formation of high-density nuclei during spin coating and delays excessive grain growth during annealing,leading to perovskite films with improved crystallinity,fewer defects,and longer carrier lifetimes.As a result,an antisolvent-free PSC device was successfully fabricated,achieving a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 25.10%,one of the highest reported for antisolvent-free spin-coating systems.Under ISOS-L-1 standard conditions,the device retained 84.78%of its initial efficiency after 1500 h of continuous illumination,demonstrating excellent operational stability.Moreover,it exhibited remarkable long-term stability under harsh humid and thermal conditions.This work offers a valuable strategy for the large-scale fabrication of high-performance and antisolvent-free PSCs.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFA1400100 and 2021YFA1401400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12550403,12174250 and 12141404)+2 种基金the Shanghai Jiao Tong University 2030 Initiative Program B(Grant No.WH510207202)support from JSPS KAKENHI(Grant Nos.21H05233 and 23H02052)the World Premier International Research Center Initiative(WPI),MEXT,Japan。
文摘Ferromagnetism in moiréflat-band systems has been extensively studied in the first valence miniband of twisted MoTe_(2),while its controlled realization at higher moiréfillings remains largely unexplored,except for very recent works reporting correlated magnetism near half filling of the second moiréband.Here,we investigate rhombohedral-stacked twisted MoTe_(2)/hBN/WSe_(2) heterostructures and uncover two distinct ferromagnetic(FM)regions:one centered near v_(h)≈3(half filling of the second moirévalence miniband)at zero displacement field,and a re-entrant FM phase that emerges for v_(h)>3 only under a finite out-of-plane electric field.These FM regions are separated by a narrow filling window with a strongly suppressed magnetic circular dichroism(MCD)response.Layer-sensitive exciton spectroscopy identifies that WSe_(2) is hole-doped in the re-entrant FM region,consistent with partial charge transfer from MoTe_(2) to WSe_(2).We propose that electric-field–induced layer repopulation stabilizes the re-entrant ferromagnetic phase by pinning the effective MoTe_(2) filling near v_(h)≈3 while adding carriers to the remote WSe_(2) layer.Our results demonstrate that remote-layer population control is an effective tuning knob for magnetic ordering in higher moiréminibands,extending the design space for correlated spin–valley phases in transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures.
文摘针对线控转向(steer by wire, SBW)系统主动转向时面临的系统参数不确定性、轮胎回正力矩阻碍、转向电机电磁特性耦合等非线性干扰问题,提出一种自适应抗扰转角控制策略。采用径向基函数神经网络和鲁棒滑模理论设计外环转角控制器,自适应补偿SBW系统参数不确定性和轮胎回正力矩阻碍。在内环电流控制器中引入线性自抗扰控制应对转向执行电机电磁特性耦合问题,提高SBW系统动态响应性能。仿真和硬件在环试验结果表明,设计的控制策略能够帮助SBW在多种工况中维持转角稳态跟随误差在1.5°内。
基金supported by National Science and Technology Major Project(2013ZX09508104,2012ZX09301003-002-001)
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of LW-AFC,a new formula derived fromLiuwei Dihuang decoction,on gut microbiota and the behavior of learning and memory of SAMP8 mice,a mouse model of Alzheimer Disease(AD),and identify the specific intestinal microbiota correlating with cognitive ability.METHODS Morris-water maze test,novel object recognition test and shuttle-box test were conducted to observe the ability of learning and memory.16S rRNA amplicon sequencing(Illumina,San Diego,CA,USA)was employed to investigate gut microbiota.RESULTS The treatment of LW-AFC improved cognitive impairments of SAMP8 mice,including spatial learning and memory ability,active avoidance response,and object recognition memory capability.Our data indicated that there were significantly 8 increased and 12 decreased operational taxonomic units(OTUs)in the gut microbiota of SAMP8 mice compared with senescence accelerated mouse resistant 1(SAMR1) strains,the control of SAMP8 mice.The treatment of LW-AFC altered 22(16 increased and 6 decreased)OTUs in SAMP8 mice and among them,15 OTUs could be reversed by LW-AFC treatment resulting in a microbial composition similar to that of SAMR1 mice.We further showed that there were7(3 negative and 4 positive correlation)OTUs significantly correlated with all the three types of cognitive abilities,at the order level,including Bacteroidales,Clostridiales,Desulfovibrionales,CW040,and two unclassified orders.LW-AFC had influences on bacterial taxa correlated with the abilities of learning and memory in SAMP8 mice and restored them to SAMR1 mice.CONCLUSION The effects of LW-AFC on improving cognitive impairments of SAMP8 mice might be via modulating intestinal microbiome and LW-AFC could be used as a potential anti-AD agent.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52261037)self-deployed Projects of Ganjiang Innovation Academy,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.E055B002)+2 种基金the Project of Baotou City Science and Technology(Grant No.XM2022BT04)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.ZDRW-CN-2021-3)the Key Research Project of Jiangxi Province(Grant No.20203ABC28W006)。
文摘As the channel for grain boundary diffusion(GBD)in Nd–Fe–B magnets,grain boundary(GB)phases have a very important effect on GBD.As doping elements that are commonly used to regulate the GB phases in Nd–Fe–B sintered magnets,the influences of Ga and Zr on GBD were investigated in this work.The results show that the Zr-doped magnet has the highest coercivity increment(7.97 kOe)by GBD,which is almost twice that of the Ga-doped magnet(4.32 kOe)and the magnet without Ga and Zr(3.24 kOe).Microstructure analysis shows that ZrB_(2)formed in the Zr-doped magnet plays a key role in increasing the diffusion depth.A continuous diffusion channel in the magnet can form because of the presence of ZrB_(2).ZrB_(2)can also increase the defect concentration in GB phases,which can facilitate GBD.Although Ga can also improve the diffusion depth,its effect is not very obvious.The micromagnetic simulation based on the experimental results also proves that the distribution of Tb in the Zr-doped magnet after GBD is beneficial to coercivity.This study reveals that the doping elements Ga and Zr in Nd–Fe–B play an important role in GBD,and could provide a new perspective for researchers to improve the effects of GBD.
基金supported by the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 52077122。
文摘With the continuous upgrading of traditional manufacturing industries and the rapid rise of emerging technology fields,the performance requirements for the permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSMs)have become higher and higher.The importance of fast and accurate electromagnetic thermal coupling analysis of such motors becomes more and more prominent.In view of this,the surfacemounted PMSM(SPMSM)equipped with unequally thick magnetic poles is taken as the main object and its electromagnetic thermal coupling analytical model(ETc AM)is investigated.First,the electromagnetic analytical model(EAM)is studied based on the modified subdomain method.It realizes the fast calculation of key electromagnetic characteristics.Subsequently,the 3D thermal analytical model(TAM)is developed by combining the EAM,the lumped parameter thermal network method(LPTNM),and the partial differential equation of heat flux.It realizes the fast calculation of key thermal characteristics in 3D space.Further,the information transfer channel between EAM and TAM is built with reference to the intrinsic connection between electromagnetic field and temperature field.Thereby,the novel ETcAM is proposed to realize the fast and accurate prediction of electromagnetic and temperature fields.Besides,ETcAM has a lot to commend it.One is that it well accounts for the complex structure,saturation,and heat exchange behavior.Second,it saves a lot of computer resources.It offers boundless possibilities for initial design,scheme evaluation,and optimization of motors.Finally,the validity,accuracy,and practicality of this study are verified by simulation and experiment.
基金supported by grants from the Special Funds for Construction of Innovative Provinces in Hunan Province(Grant No.2021NK1006)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(Grant No.2021JC0007)+2 种基金China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Grant No.CARS-24-A-15)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32130097)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U19A2028)。
文摘Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)is a typical self-pollinating crop with obvious heterosis in hybrids.Consequently,the use of morphological markers during the pepper seedling stage is crucial for pepper breeding.The color of hypocotyl is widely used as a phenotypic marker in crossing studies of pepper.Pepper accessions generally have purple hypocotyls,which are mainly due to the anthocyanin accumulation in seedlings,and green hypocotyls are rarely observed in pepper.Here we reported the characterization of a green hypocotyl mutant of pepper,Cha1,which was identified from a pepper ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS)mutant library.Fine mapping revealed that the causal gene,CaTTG1,belonging to the WD40 repeat family,controlled the green hypocotyl phenotype of the mutant.Virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)confirmed that CaTTG1 regulated anthocyanin accumulation.RNA-seq data showed that expression of structural genes CaDFR,CaANS,and CaUF3GT in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway was significantly decreased in Cha1 compared to the wild type.Yeast two-hybrid(Y2H)experiments also confirmed that CaTTG1 activated the synthesis of anthocyanin structural genes by forming a MBW complex with CaAN1 and CaGL3.In summary,this study provided a green hypocotyl mutant of pepper,and the Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR(KASP)marker developed based on the mutation site of the underlying gene would be helpful for pepper breeding.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52271177)Leading Talents Project of Scientific and Technological Innovation in Hunan Province,China(No.2021RC4036)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(Nos.2023JJ50172,2020JJ6069)State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die&Mould Technology,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,China。
文摘The mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of two nickel-based superalloys with and without oxide dispersion strengthened(ODS)phases at different temperatures were studied.The microstructure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The results show that the yield strength of the samples with and without ODS phases at room temperature is 1020 and 324 MPa,respectively.The yield strength model was constructed,and it is found that the contribution of grain boundary strengthening,dislocation strengthening and nanoparticle strengthening of nickel-based ODS superalloy exceeds 83%.As the temperature increases,grain boundary sliding and migration decrease the strength of sample but improve its ductility.Oxidation hinders the ductility of sample and intensifies its fracture,and the maximum elongation of nickel-based ODS superalloy at 800℃ is 47.3%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51977027 and 51967008)the Scientific and Technological Project of Yunnan Precious Metals Lab-oratory(Nos.YPML-2023050250 and YPML-2022050206).
文摘The pursuit of Ag-based alloys with both high strength and toughness has posed a longstanding chal-lenge.In this study,we investigated the cluster strengthening and grain refinement toughening mecha-nisms in fully oxidized AgMgNi alloys,which were internally oxidized at 800℃ for 8 h under an oxy-gen atmosphere.We found that Mg-O clusters contributed to the hardening(138 HV)and strengthening(376.9 MPa)of the AgMg alloy through solid solution strengthening effects,albeit at the expense of duc-tility.To address this limitation,we introduced Ni nanoparticles into the AgMg alloy,resulting in signifi-cant grain refinement within its microstructure.Specifically,the grain size decreased from 67.2μm in the oxidized AgMg alloy to below 6.0μm in the oxidized AgMgNi alloy containing 0.3 wt%Ni.Consequently,the toughness increased significantly,rising from toughness value of 2177.9 MJ m^(-3) in the oxidized AgMg alloy to 6186.1 MJ m^(-3) in the oxidized AgMgNi alloy,representing a remarkable 2.8-fold enhancement.Furthermore,the internally oxidized AgMgNi alloy attained a strength of up to 387.6 MPa,comparable to that of the internally oxidized AgMg alloy,thereby demonstrating the successful realization of concurrent strengthening and toughening.These results collectively offer a novel approach for the design of high-performance alloys through the synergistic combination of cluster strengthening and grain refinement toughening.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52078283)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Project No.ZR2024MA094)。
文摘With the change of the main influencing factors such as structural configuration and impact conditions,reinforced concrete slabs exhibit different mechanical behaviors with different failure patterns,and the failure modes are transformed.In order to reveal the failure mode and transformation rule of reinforced concrete slabs under impact loads,a dynamic impact response test was carried out using a drop hammer test device.The dynamic data pertaining to the impact force,support reaction force,structural displacement,and reinforcement strain were obtained through the use of digital image correlation technology(DIC),impact force measurement,and strain measurement.The analysis of the ultimate damage state of the reinforced concrete slab identified four distinct types of impact failure modes:local failure by stamping,overall failure by stamping,local-overall coupling failure,and local failure by punching.Additionally,the influence laws of hammerhead shape,hammer height,and reinforcement ratio on the dynamic response and failure mode transformation of the slab were revealed.The results indicate that:(1)The local damage to the slab by the plane hammer is readily apparent,while the overall damage by the spherical hammer is more pronounced.(2)In comparison to the high reinforcement ratio slabs,the overall bending resistance of the low reinforcement ratio slabs is significantly inferior,and the slab back exhibits further cracks.(3)As the hammer height increases,the slab failure mode undergoes a transformation,shifting from local failure by stamping and overall failure by stamping to local-overall coupling failure and local failure by punching.(4)Three failure mode thresholds have been established,and by comparing the peak impact force with the failure thresholds,the failure mode of the slab can be effectively determined.
基金supported by grants from the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(No.2023JJ60335)。
文摘The first example of Nd@C_(3)N_(4)-photoredox/chlorine dual catalyzed alkylation with unactivated alkanes as the alkyl sources has been developed,which allows for the synthesis of various 4-alkylated cyclic sulfonyl ketimines.In this process,chlorine functions as both a redox and hydrogen atom transfer catalyst.The synergism of the reversible Nd^(2+)/Nd^(3+)and Cl^(ˉ)/Cl˙redox pairs significantly enhances overall photocatalytic efficiency.The in vitro anticancer activity of 4-alkylated products was evaluated by using the CCK8assay against both human choroidal melanoma(MUM-2B)and lung cancer(A549)cell.Compound 3da showed approximately triple the potency of 5-fluorouracil.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62405250 and 62471404)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M762955)+1 种基金the Key Project of Westlake Institute for Optoelectronics(Grant No.2023GD003)the Optical Com-munication and Sensing Laboratory,School of Engineering,Westlake University.
文摘Propelled by the rise of artificial intelligence,cloud services,and data center applications,next-generation,low-power,local-oscillator-less,digital signal processing(DSP)-free,and short-reach coherent optical communication has evolved into an increasingly prominent area of research in recent years.Here,we demonstrate DSP-free coherent optical transmission by analog signal processing in frequency synchronous optical network(FSON)architecture,which supports polarization multiplexing and higher-order modulation formats.The FSON architecture that allows the numerous laser sources of optical transceivers within a data center can be quasi-synchronized by means of a tree-distributed homology architecture.In conjunction with our proposed pilot-tone assisted Costas loop for an analog coherent receiver,we achieve a record dual-polarization 224-Gb/s 16-QAM 5-km mismatch transmission with reset-free carrier phase recovery in the optical domain.Our proposed DSP-free analog coherent detection system based on the FSON makes it a promising solution for next-generation,low-power,and high-capacity coherent data center interconnects.
