Based on Global Ocean Data Assimilation System （GODAS） and NCEP reanalysis data, atmospheric and oceanic pro- cesses possibly responsible for the onset of the 2011/12 La Nifia event, which followed the 2010/11 La Ni...Based on Global Ocean Data Assimilation System （GODAS） and NCEP reanalysis data, atmospheric and oceanic pro- cesses possibly responsible for the onset of the 2011/12 La Nifia event, which followed the 2010/11 La Nifia even--referred to as a ＂double dip＂ La Nifia--are investigated. The key mechanisms involved in activating the 2011/12 La Nifia are illus- trated by these datasets. Results show that neutral conditions were already evident in the equatorial eastern Pacific during the decaying phase of the 2010/11 La Nifia. However, isothermal analyses show obviously cold water still persisting at the surface and at subsurface depths in off-equatorial regions throughout early 2011, being most pronounced in the tropical South Pacific. The negative SST anomalies in the tropical South Pacific acted to strengthen a southern wind across the equator. The subsurface cold water in the tropical South Pacific then spread northward and broke into the equatorial region at the thermo- cline depth. This incursion process of off-equatorial subsurface cold water successfully interrupted the eastern propagation of warm water along the equator, which had previously accumulated at subsurface depths in the warm pool during the 2010/11 La Nifia event. Furthermore, the incursion process strengthened as a result of the off-equatorial effects, mostly in the tropical South Pacific. The negative SST anomalies then reappeared in the central basin in summer 2011, and acted to trigger local coupled air-sea interactions to produce atmospheric-oceanic anomalies that developed and evolved with the second cooling in the fall of 2011.展开更多
糖尿病进一步发展,可影响脑髓清窍,发为脑病。消渴日久,内热炽盛,伤津耗气,气虚则导致气推动血液功能失常,心气不足,则无力推动血液运行,久而血液运行不畅,瘀血困于脑,阻滞脑络,脑失所养,遂发为脑病。此外,糖尿病患者多嗜食肥甘厚腻,损...糖尿病进一步发展,可影响脑髓清窍,发为脑病。消渴日久,内热炽盛,伤津耗气,气虚则导致气推动血液功能失常,心气不足,则无力推动血液运行,久而血液运行不畅,瘀血困于脑,阻滞脑络,脑失所养,遂发为脑病。此外,糖尿病患者多嗜食肥甘厚腻,损伤脾胃,致脾不升清,浊毒不降,瘀毒互结,集聚脑络,蒙蔽清窍,亦可促发脑病。所以'毒损脑络'是糖尿病脑病的关键病机。解毒、化瘀、益气、通络中药可以通过调节沉默信息调节蛋白(silent mating type information regulation,Sirt1)的表达,抑制活性氧簇(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的生成,进而改善糖尿病脑病的症状。阴阳气血对脏腑组织的温煦及濡养都是通过经络实现,而各种因素导致瘀毒在体内堆积可严重影响经络通畅。解毒、化瘀、益气、通络中药可使瘀毒有出路,不再壅塞脑络,令气血和调,机体脏腑组织的功能恢复,使神有所养。因此,在糖尿病脑病的治疗过程中应重视中医病机,并兼顾他症,以图标本兼治。展开更多
基金supported by the National Program for Support of Top-notch Young Professionalsthe National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2012CB955202)+2 种基金the Chinese Academy Sciences’ Project "Western Pacific Ocean System: Structure, Dynamics and Consequences" (WPOS Grant No.XDA10010405)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41176014)
文摘Based on Global Ocean Data Assimilation System （GODAS） and NCEP reanalysis data, atmospheric and oceanic pro- cesses possibly responsible for the onset of the 2011/12 La Nifia event, which followed the 2010/11 La Nifia even--referred to as a ＂double dip＂ La Nifia--are investigated. The key mechanisms involved in activating the 2011/12 La Nifia are illus- trated by these datasets. Results show that neutral conditions were already evident in the equatorial eastern Pacific during the decaying phase of the 2010/11 La Nifia. However, isothermal analyses show obviously cold water still persisting at the surface and at subsurface depths in off-equatorial regions throughout early 2011, being most pronounced in the tropical South Pacific. The negative SST anomalies in the tropical South Pacific acted to strengthen a southern wind across the equator. The subsurface cold water in the tropical South Pacific then spread northward and broke into the equatorial region at the thermo- cline depth. This incursion process of off-equatorial subsurface cold water successfully interrupted the eastern propagation of warm water along the equator, which had previously accumulated at subsurface depths in the warm pool during the 2010/11 La Nifia event. Furthermore, the incursion process strengthened as a result of the off-equatorial effects, mostly in the tropical South Pacific. The negative SST anomalies then reappeared in the central basin in summer 2011, and acted to trigger local coupled air-sea interactions to produce atmospheric-oceanic anomalies that developed and evolved with the second cooling in the fall of 2011.
文摘糖尿病进一步发展,可影响脑髓清窍,发为脑病。消渴日久,内热炽盛,伤津耗气,气虚则导致气推动血液功能失常,心气不足,则无力推动血液运行,久而血液运行不畅,瘀血困于脑,阻滞脑络,脑失所养,遂发为脑病。此外,糖尿病患者多嗜食肥甘厚腻,损伤脾胃,致脾不升清,浊毒不降,瘀毒互结,集聚脑络,蒙蔽清窍,亦可促发脑病。所以'毒损脑络'是糖尿病脑病的关键病机。解毒、化瘀、益气、通络中药可以通过调节沉默信息调节蛋白(silent mating type information regulation,Sirt1)的表达,抑制活性氧簇(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的生成,进而改善糖尿病脑病的症状。阴阳气血对脏腑组织的温煦及濡养都是通过经络实现,而各种因素导致瘀毒在体内堆积可严重影响经络通畅。解毒、化瘀、益气、通络中药可使瘀毒有出路,不再壅塞脑络,令气血和调,机体脏腑组织的功能恢复,使神有所养。因此,在糖尿病脑病的治疗过程中应重视中医病机,并兼顾他症,以图标本兼治。
