Stratigraphic division and correlation are crucial for the identification of sweet spots and drilling design of shale gas.In this study,a stratigraphic division and correlation was carried out for the Wufeng-Longmaxi ...Stratigraphic division and correlation are crucial for the identification of sweet spots and drilling design of shale gas.In this study,a stratigraphic division and correlation was carried out for the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in southern China from the prospective of lithostratigraphy,sea level changes,and biostratigraphy using data from seismic investigation,wells,and outcrops.The Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations were respectively divided into four members,Wu 1 and Wu2 for the former and Long 1 and Long 2 for the latter.Of the members,Long 1 was subdivided and its first subdivision(Long 11)was further divided into 4 layers(Long 1^(1)_(1),Long 1^(2)_(1),Long 1^(3)_(1),and Long 1^(4)_(1)).Three eustatic cycles were recognized in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations.Cycle I corresponds to the Wufeng Formation with the maximum flooding surface at the top ofWu 1.Cycle II corresponds to Long 1,with the maximum flooding surface at the top of Long 1^(3)_(1).CycleⅢⅢcorresponds to Long 2.Furthermore,4 graptolite biozones(WF1 to WF4)were identified in the Wufeng Formation and 9 graptolite biozones(LM1 to LM9)in the Longmaxi Formation.WF1-2 and WF3-4 correspond to Wu 1 and Wu 2,respectively;and LM1,LM2-4,LM5,LM6,and LM7-9 correspond to Long 1^(1)_(1),Long 1^(2)_(1),Long 1^(3)_(1),Long 1^(4)_(1),and Long 12 and Long 2,respectively.Highquality shales mainly occur in the Wufeng Formation and Long 11.The major intervals that should be investigated with regards to shale gas production include LM1eLM5(10m thick)in the Weiyuan Block and WF1eLM5(20e35m thick)in the Changning Block.Long 1^(1)_(1)is believed to be an optimal target for drilling due to its high TOC content,siliceous content,porosity,microfracture density,and horizontal/vertical permeability ratio.展开更多
目的 探讨心理干预及疾病信息支持对腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)日间手术患者术前焦虑的影响。方法 回顾性分析2023年1月至2023年10月温州医科大学附属第二医院行LC日间手术的281例患者的临床资料,其中2023年1月至2023年5月治疗的患者行常规...目的 探讨心理干预及疾病信息支持对腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)日间手术患者术前焦虑的影响。方法 回顾性分析2023年1月至2023年10月温州医科大学附属第二医院行LC日间手术的281例患者的临床资料,其中2023年1月至2023年5月治疗的患者行常规护理及指导(对照组,n=123),2023年6月至2023年10月治疗的患者在常规护理的基础上实施由专职人员进行的心理干预及疾病信息支持干预(观察组,n=158)。采用状态-特质焦虑量表(STAI)评定两组患者预约手术时和手术日等待手术时的焦虑程度,记录患者预约手术时及接入手术室前的脉搏及血压的变化,并于出院1个月通过电话进行满意度随访。结果两组患者在预约手术时焦虑评分、脉搏、平均动脉压的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.01)。干预后,观察组在手术日当天焦虑评分显著低于对照组[(36.41±7.18) vs (51.88±11.45),P<0.01],观察组在接入手术室前脉搏[(73.58±8.14)次/min vs (77.90±8.90)次/min,P<0.01]以及动脉压[(89.98±9.35)mmHg vs(92.30±9.44)mmHg,P=0.04]明显低于对照组。较预约手术时,对照组患者接入手术室前脉搏[(77.90±8.90)次/min vs (70.67±8.64)次/min,P<0.01]、手术当日的焦虑评分[(51.88±11.45) vs (45.35±12.19),P<0.01]明显升高;观察组接入手术室前脉搏较预约手术时差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),手术当日的焦虑评分较预约手术时明显降低[(36.41±7.18) vs (45.77±11.88),P<0.01]。出院1个月后电话随访,观察组满意度明显高于对照组[99.37%vs 94.31%,P<0.01]。结论 积极的心理与信息支持能有效缓解LC日间手术患者术前焦虑程度,维持患者心理状态稳定,使患者顺利度过围手术期,明显提高患者满意度。展开更多
In 2012,China's first national shale gas demonstrations areas were set up in the Sichuan Basin.After 10 years'construction and practice,the giant marine shale gas area of 10×10^(12) m^(3) level is built u...In 2012,China's first national shale gas demonstrations areas were set up in the Sichuan Basin.After 10 years'construction and practice,the giant marine shale gas area of 10×10^(12) m^(3) level is built up in the Sichuan Basin,and shale gas steps into a new stage of large-scale benefit exploration and development.In order to systematically summarize the achievements in shale gas exploration and development and provide guidance and reference for the exploration and development of deep shale gas and shale oil&gas in other areas,this paper systematically summarizes the main characteristics,development models and key identification and evaluation technologies for quality reservoirs of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation shale gas by analyzing the electric property,lithofacies,reservoir parameters and microscopic porosity of key wells in the basin.And the following research results are obtained.First,biogenetic siliceous shale,calcareous shale and mixed shale are main lithofacies types in quality shale gas reservoirs,and they are formed in the environment of semi-deep and deep water continental shelf.Their lateral distribution is controlled by the paleogeomorphology and their vertical development is influenced by provenance,redox condition and paleo productivity.They are 25-90 m thick.Second,in the quality shale gas reservoirs develop organic pores,inorganic pore and microfractures(including lamina/bedding fractures),among which,organic pore is one of the main reservoir spaces and microfracture is not only indispensable reservoir space,but also production pathway.The reservoir space of shale gas is overall micro-nano pore,and macropores play an important role in shale gas enrichment.Third,three development models of quality reservoir are established,including sedimentary type,diagenesis type and reworking type.The sedimentary type is the foundation.Multiple quality reservoirs are developed in the high U/Th interval of graptolite belt at the bottom of Longmaxi Formation,and their thickness is mainly controlled by paleogeomorphology and especially greater in the depression area.The diagenesis type is divided into three forms,i.e.,syngenetic-early diagenetic rigid support,middle-late diagenetic mineral-organic matter transformation,and overpressure relief compaction.The reworking type is dominated by quality reservoirs with microfractures.Fourth,the core technologies for identifying and evaluating quality shale gas reservoir include large-size core and rock slice observation,high-accuracy rock mineral identification,experimental gas content test and simulation,SEM microscopic characterization,3D microscopic pore reconstruction,comprehensive geophysical interpretation and prediction and big data analysis.In conclusion,nearly 10 years'research and practice achievements in demonstration area construction can deepen the understanding on domestic quality shale gas reservoirs,promote the effective development of the theories and technologies related to shale gas reservoirs,improve the prediction accuracy of shale gas sweet spot zones/intervals,and expand the shale gas exploration and development achievements of demonstration areas.展开更多
基金Preparation of this manuscript was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41572079)National Major Science and Technology Project(No.2017ZX05035).
文摘Stratigraphic division and correlation are crucial for the identification of sweet spots and drilling design of shale gas.In this study,a stratigraphic division and correlation was carried out for the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in southern China from the prospective of lithostratigraphy,sea level changes,and biostratigraphy using data from seismic investigation,wells,and outcrops.The Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations were respectively divided into four members,Wu 1 and Wu2 for the former and Long 1 and Long 2 for the latter.Of the members,Long 1 was subdivided and its first subdivision(Long 11)was further divided into 4 layers(Long 1^(1)_(1),Long 1^(2)_(1),Long 1^(3)_(1),and Long 1^(4)_(1)).Three eustatic cycles were recognized in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations.Cycle I corresponds to the Wufeng Formation with the maximum flooding surface at the top ofWu 1.Cycle II corresponds to Long 1,with the maximum flooding surface at the top of Long 1^(3)_(1).CycleⅢⅢcorresponds to Long 2.Furthermore,4 graptolite biozones(WF1 to WF4)were identified in the Wufeng Formation and 9 graptolite biozones(LM1 to LM9)in the Longmaxi Formation.WF1-2 and WF3-4 correspond to Wu 1 and Wu 2,respectively;and LM1,LM2-4,LM5,LM6,and LM7-9 correspond to Long 1^(1)_(1),Long 1^(2)_(1),Long 1^(3)_(1),Long 1^(4)_(1),and Long 12 and Long 2,respectively.Highquality shales mainly occur in the Wufeng Formation and Long 11.The major intervals that should be investigated with regards to shale gas production include LM1eLM5(10m thick)in the Weiyuan Block and WF1eLM5(20e35m thick)in the Changning Block.Long 1^(1)_(1)is believed to be an optimal target for drilling due to its high TOC content,siliceous content,porosity,microfracture density,and horizontal/vertical permeability ratio.
文摘目的 探讨心理干预及疾病信息支持对腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)日间手术患者术前焦虑的影响。方法 回顾性分析2023年1月至2023年10月温州医科大学附属第二医院行LC日间手术的281例患者的临床资料,其中2023年1月至2023年5月治疗的患者行常规护理及指导(对照组,n=123),2023年6月至2023年10月治疗的患者在常规护理的基础上实施由专职人员进行的心理干预及疾病信息支持干预(观察组,n=158)。采用状态-特质焦虑量表(STAI)评定两组患者预约手术时和手术日等待手术时的焦虑程度,记录患者预约手术时及接入手术室前的脉搏及血压的变化,并于出院1个月通过电话进行满意度随访。结果两组患者在预约手术时焦虑评分、脉搏、平均动脉压的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.01)。干预后,观察组在手术日当天焦虑评分显著低于对照组[(36.41±7.18) vs (51.88±11.45),P<0.01],观察组在接入手术室前脉搏[(73.58±8.14)次/min vs (77.90±8.90)次/min,P<0.01]以及动脉压[(89.98±9.35)mmHg vs(92.30±9.44)mmHg,P=0.04]明显低于对照组。较预约手术时,对照组患者接入手术室前脉搏[(77.90±8.90)次/min vs (70.67±8.64)次/min,P<0.01]、手术当日的焦虑评分[(51.88±11.45) vs (45.35±12.19),P<0.01]明显升高;观察组接入手术室前脉搏较预约手术时差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),手术当日的焦虑评分较预约手术时明显降低[(36.41±7.18) vs (45.77±11.88),P<0.01]。出院1个月后电话随访,观察组满意度明显高于对照组[99.37%vs 94.31%,P<0.01]。结论 积极的心理与信息支持能有效缓解LC日间手术患者术前焦虑程度,维持患者心理状态稳定,使患者顺利度过围手术期,明显提高患者满意度。
文摘In 2012,China's first national shale gas demonstrations areas were set up in the Sichuan Basin.After 10 years'construction and practice,the giant marine shale gas area of 10×10^(12) m^(3) level is built up in the Sichuan Basin,and shale gas steps into a new stage of large-scale benefit exploration and development.In order to systematically summarize the achievements in shale gas exploration and development and provide guidance and reference for the exploration and development of deep shale gas and shale oil&gas in other areas,this paper systematically summarizes the main characteristics,development models and key identification and evaluation technologies for quality reservoirs of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation shale gas by analyzing the electric property,lithofacies,reservoir parameters and microscopic porosity of key wells in the basin.And the following research results are obtained.First,biogenetic siliceous shale,calcareous shale and mixed shale are main lithofacies types in quality shale gas reservoirs,and they are formed in the environment of semi-deep and deep water continental shelf.Their lateral distribution is controlled by the paleogeomorphology and their vertical development is influenced by provenance,redox condition and paleo productivity.They are 25-90 m thick.Second,in the quality shale gas reservoirs develop organic pores,inorganic pore and microfractures(including lamina/bedding fractures),among which,organic pore is one of the main reservoir spaces and microfracture is not only indispensable reservoir space,but also production pathway.The reservoir space of shale gas is overall micro-nano pore,and macropores play an important role in shale gas enrichment.Third,three development models of quality reservoir are established,including sedimentary type,diagenesis type and reworking type.The sedimentary type is the foundation.Multiple quality reservoirs are developed in the high U/Th interval of graptolite belt at the bottom of Longmaxi Formation,and their thickness is mainly controlled by paleogeomorphology and especially greater in the depression area.The diagenesis type is divided into three forms,i.e.,syngenetic-early diagenetic rigid support,middle-late diagenetic mineral-organic matter transformation,and overpressure relief compaction.The reworking type is dominated by quality reservoirs with microfractures.Fourth,the core technologies for identifying and evaluating quality shale gas reservoir include large-size core and rock slice observation,high-accuracy rock mineral identification,experimental gas content test and simulation,SEM microscopic characterization,3D microscopic pore reconstruction,comprehensive geophysical interpretation and prediction and big data analysis.In conclusion,nearly 10 years'research and practice achievements in demonstration area construction can deepen the understanding on domestic quality shale gas reservoirs,promote the effective development of the theories and technologies related to shale gas reservoirs,improve the prediction accuracy of shale gas sweet spot zones/intervals,and expand the shale gas exploration and development achievements of demonstration areas.
文摘目的探究动态膝外翻(dynamic knee valgus,DKV)女性在跑步着地阶段的动态稳定性与刚度特征,揭示动态稳定性与关节刚度之间的联系,为DKV女性的损伤预防和康复提供理论依据和实践参考。方法根据膝外翻角度进行组别划分,膝外翻角超过13°为DKV组(n=16),膝外翻角0°~13°为正常人群组(n=16)。采用三维动作捕捉系统、三维测力台和无线表面肌电系统测量跑步时运动学、动力学及肌电数据,计算动态稳度(margin of stability,MoS)、关节刚度与肌电指标,并进行组间差异性检验和相关性分析。结果与正常女性相比,DKV女性矢状面膝关节峰值力矩、冠状面膝关节角度变化量均较大(P<0.05);DKV女性冠状面MoS、膝关节刚度、踝关节刚度均较小(P<0.05)。着地前,DKV女性臀中肌、股外侧肌的肌肉预激活程度低于正常女性(P<0.05),腓肠肌外侧肌的预激活程度高于正常女性(P<0.01);着地后,DKV女性髋关节周围肌肉共激活比高于正常女性(P<0.01);正常女性冠状面MoS与冠状面髋关节刚度之间存在高度负相关(r=-0.634,P=0.048);DKV女性冠状面MoS与冠状面髋关节刚度(r=-0.600,P=0.042)、矢状面踝关节刚度(r=-0.673,P=0.024)呈高度负相关。结论跑步时,DKV女性在冠状面表现出动态稳定性下降和膝、踝关节刚度不足的特征,存在潜在损伤风险;为代偿近端关节的控制不足,DKV女性在着地前会增加远端关节肌肉的激活程度,以防止冠状面动态稳定性及膝、踝关节刚度进一步下降。DKV女性跑步时动态稳定性与关节刚度存在高度负相关,当身体在冠状面处于不稳定状态时,通过提高矢状面踝关节刚度和冠状面髋关节刚度以维持身体整体稳定性。
