为提高增塑剂的阻燃性能,以可再生资源蓖麻油合成了一种蓖麻油基含硅阻燃增塑剂(Si-ECO),并将其应用到聚氯乙烯(PVC)中。首先将蓖麻油与三甲基氯硅烷反应得到中间体(Si-CO),再与双氧水、甲酸等进行环氧化得到最终产品。采用傅里叶红外光...为提高增塑剂的阻燃性能,以可再生资源蓖麻油合成了一种蓖麻油基含硅阻燃增塑剂(Si-ECO),并将其应用到聚氯乙烯(PVC)中。首先将蓖麻油与三甲基氯硅烷反应得到中间体(Si-CO),再与双氧水、甲酸等进行环氧化得到最终产品。采用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振氢谱(~1H NMR)对分子结构进行表征。将该蓖麻油基含硅增塑剂与PVC以及其他助剂进行共混注塑,得到不同含量Si-ECO的PVC树脂。以动态机械分析(DMA)、热重(TG)以及极限氧指数(LOI)等方法测试共混树脂的热力学性能和阻燃性能;以万能力学试验机表征力学性能。试验结果表明:随着Si-ECO阻燃增塑剂含量的增加,其热稳定性有所提高,同时残炭量也增加到4.72%;通过DMA分析可知,该蓖麻油基增塑剂Si-ECO与PVC具有良好的相容性,且能有效提高树脂的阻燃性能,体系的LOI从25.0增加到30.7,热释放速率(HRR)和总释放热(THR)分别为263.14 k W/m^2和29.5 MJ。以蓖麻油为基础合成具有阻燃功能的增塑剂具有广阔的发展前景。展开更多
Unmanned surface vehicles(USVs)play a crucial role in various fields,including ocean climate change monitoring,ma-rine resource exploitation,and ecological environment exploration.Out of the many types of USVs,unmanne...Unmanned surface vehicles(USVs)play a crucial role in various fields,including ocean climate change monitoring,ma-rine resource exploitation,and ecological environment exploration.Out of the many types of USVs,unmanned sailboats have gained considerable attention for their ability to conduct green,large-scale ocean observations.Building on this concept,this paper proposes an unmanned sailboat propelled by parallel dual-wing sails,which is designed to meet the demands of extensive and three-dimensional marine comprehensive observation and data collection.With a focus on the parallel dual-wing sails,this study particularly investi-gates the effects of variations in the airfoil’s angle of attack and the impact of the spacing ratio between the dual sails on propulsion performance.It further analyzes the influence of one sail’s angle of attack on the performance of the other sail,as well as the flow field between the two sails.For the air navigation and underwater states,the force characteristics of the dual sail under different inflow velocities were investigated.The research findings indicate that,under certain conditions,the thrust coefficient exhibits a trend of first increasing,then decreasing,and finally increasing again with alterations in the angle of attackα.Different single-sail angles of attack have varying impacts on the opposite sail and the flow field between the dual sails.Moreover,the generated forces are positively correlated with inflow velocity in the air navigation and underwater states.The findings reveal that it is possible to reduce drag,mitigate the adverse effects of sail interaction,and thereby enhance the propulsion performance and overall navigational stability of the sailboat by applying an optimal spacing ratio design and adjusting the angle of attack and inflow velocity.展开更多
The legal framework for outer space governance,centered on the“Five Major Treaties”,is facing significant challenges.In the face of numerous variables that will shape the future order of outer space,an intrinsic dem...The legal framework for outer space governance,centered on the“Five Major Treaties”,is facing significant challenges.In the face of numerous variables that will shape the future order of outer space,an intrinsic demand for transformation has emerged within the governance of outer space.Under the leadership of the new wave of space technology revolutions and commercial innovations,outer space governance will undergo a profound transformation.New theories in space law will emerge,engage in long-term competition,and ultimately contribute to the formation of a completely new governance structure.展开更多
文摘为提高增塑剂的阻燃性能,以可再生资源蓖麻油合成了一种蓖麻油基含硅阻燃增塑剂(Si-ECO),并将其应用到聚氯乙烯(PVC)中。首先将蓖麻油与三甲基氯硅烷反应得到中间体(Si-CO),再与双氧水、甲酸等进行环氧化得到最终产品。采用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振氢谱(~1H NMR)对分子结构进行表征。将该蓖麻油基含硅增塑剂与PVC以及其他助剂进行共混注塑,得到不同含量Si-ECO的PVC树脂。以动态机械分析(DMA)、热重(TG)以及极限氧指数(LOI)等方法测试共混树脂的热力学性能和阻燃性能;以万能力学试验机表征力学性能。试验结果表明:随着Si-ECO阻燃增塑剂含量的增加,其热稳定性有所提高,同时残炭量也增加到4.72%;通过DMA分析可知,该蓖麻油基增塑剂Si-ECO与PVC具有良好的相容性,且能有效提高树脂的阻燃性能,体系的LOI从25.0增加到30.7,热释放速率(HRR)和总释放热(THR)分别为263.14 k W/m^2和29.5 MJ。以蓖麻油为基础合成具有阻燃功能的增塑剂具有广阔的发展前景。
基金supported from the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2022ME147)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52088102).
文摘Unmanned surface vehicles(USVs)play a crucial role in various fields,including ocean climate change monitoring,ma-rine resource exploitation,and ecological environment exploration.Out of the many types of USVs,unmanned sailboats have gained considerable attention for their ability to conduct green,large-scale ocean observations.Building on this concept,this paper proposes an unmanned sailboat propelled by parallel dual-wing sails,which is designed to meet the demands of extensive and three-dimensional marine comprehensive observation and data collection.With a focus on the parallel dual-wing sails,this study particularly investi-gates the effects of variations in the airfoil’s angle of attack and the impact of the spacing ratio between the dual sails on propulsion performance.It further analyzes the influence of one sail’s angle of attack on the performance of the other sail,as well as the flow field between the two sails.For the air navigation and underwater states,the force characteristics of the dual sail under different inflow velocities were investigated.The research findings indicate that,under certain conditions,the thrust coefficient exhibits a trend of first increasing,then decreasing,and finally increasing again with alterations in the angle of attackα.Different single-sail angles of attack have varying impacts on the opposite sail and the flow field between the dual sails.Moreover,the generated forces are positively correlated with inflow velocity in the air navigation and underwater states.The findings reveal that it is possible to reduce drag,mitigate the adverse effects of sail interaction,and thereby enhance the propulsion performance and overall navigational stability of the sailboat by applying an optimal spacing ratio design and adjusting the angle of attack and inflow velocity.
文摘The legal framework for outer space governance,centered on the“Five Major Treaties”,is facing significant challenges.In the face of numerous variables that will shape the future order of outer space,an intrinsic demand for transformation has emerged within the governance of outer space.Under the leadership of the new wave of space technology revolutions and commercial innovations,outer space governance will undergo a profound transformation.New theories in space law will emerge,engage in long-term competition,and ultimately contribute to the formation of a completely new governance structure.
