The 19th century saw significant advancements in thermodynamics and the kinetic theory of gases,with J.C.Maxwell and L.E.Boltzmann playing key roles in the development of statistical physics through their work on the ...The 19th century saw significant advancements in thermodynamics and the kinetic theory of gases,with J.C.Maxwell and L.E.Boltzmann playing key roles in the development of statistical physics through their work on the distribution of single-particle states.At the beginning of the 20th century,J.W.Gibbs established modern equilibrium statistical physics based on the statistical distribution of system microstates and the concept of ensembles.Subsequently,statistical physics expanded into the quantum and nonequilibrium domains.展开更多
Micro-droplets of soft matter solutions have different morphologies upon drying,and can become wrinkled,buckled or cavitated particles.We investigate the morphology evolution of a drying soft matter droplet in this wo...Micro-droplets of soft matter solutions have different morphologies upon drying,and can become wrinkled,buckled or cavitated particles.We investigate the morphology evolution of a drying soft matter droplet in this work:at the early stage of drying,wrinkling or cavitation instability can occur in the droplet,depending on the comparison between the critical wrinkling and cavitation pressure;at a later stage of drying,no wrinkles will appear if cavitation happens first,while cavitation can still occur if wrinkling happens first.A three-dimensional phase diagram in the space of elastic length,gel layer thickness and weight loss is provided to illustrate the drying pathways of a soft matter droplet.This diagram can help guide future fabrications of micro-particles with desired morphologies.展开更多
We develop a minimal phenomenological model to describe the auxetic response recently observed in liquid crystal elastomers, and further determine by theoretical calculation the critical condition required for the aux...We develop a minimal phenomenological model to describe the auxetic response recently observed in liquid crystal elastomers, and further determine by theoretical calculation the critical condition required for the auxetic response to occur.展开更多
The unpredictability of seizures underscores the importance of timely recognition and intervention for optimal prognosis.Seizure first aid(SFA)is an essential skill for community members.We reviewed the literature to ...The unpredictability of seizures underscores the importance of timely recognition and intervention for optimal prognosis.Seizure first aid(SFA)is an essential skill for community members.We reviewed the literature to assess the challenges and explore potential solutions for effective SFA implementation in community settings.The findings reveal that the knowledge of SFA varies significantly among different groups and countries.There are common misunderstandings,such as point therapy,unnecessary ambulance calls,putting objects into the mouth,inappropriate administration of anti-seizure medications,and performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Effective SFA training content includes ensuring the safety of patients,avoiding restraint,using lateral position,clearing the respiratory tract,avoiding placing objects into the mouth,recording details,and seeking for professional help.Training methods range from hospital-based courses to community center workshops and online platforms.General practitioners play a pivotal role in epilepsy management and should be actively involved in SFA training initiatives.Therefore,the development of targeted,diverse,and comprehensive training and evaluation strategies,along with collaborative efforts from the whole society,is essential to improve the level and effectiveness of community SFA.展开更多
Ultra-compact spectrometers have attracted significant attention for their potential applications in portable systems for biomedical analysis,environmental monitoring,spectral analysis,and astronomical observation.In ...Ultra-compact spectrometers have attracted significant attention for their potential applications in portable systems for biomedical analysis,environmental monitoring,spectral analysis,and astronomical observation.In this work,we propose a miniaturized InGaAs-based extended short-wave infrared(eSWIR)spectrometer based on a single n-graded-p junction with voltage-tunable optical response characteristics in the range from 1600to 2100 nm.We combine this unique optical characteristic with a regression algorithm to realize the reconstruction of an unknown spectrum.The spectrometer achieves a high responsivity of 0.73 A/W at 1650 nm,and a low dark current density of 3.91×10^(-5)A/cm^2 at 200 K,corresponding to a calculated detectivity of1.69×10^(11)cm·Hz^(1/2)/W.Such spectrometers compatible with standard Ⅲ-Ⅴprocesses can offer a pathway to greatly promote the development of miniaturized spectrometers.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12135003,12122402,and 12475033)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFE0109000)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘The 19th century saw significant advancements in thermodynamics and the kinetic theory of gases,with J.C.Maxwell and L.E.Boltzmann playing key roles in the development of statistical physics through their work on the distribution of single-particle states.At the beginning of the 20th century,J.W.Gibbs established modern equilibrium statistical physics based on the statistical distribution of system microstates and the concept of ensembles.Subsequently,statistical physics expanded into the quantum and nonequilibrium domains.
基金supports from Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA17010504 and No.XDPB15)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12047503)+1 种基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11774394)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDB-SSW-SYS003)
文摘Micro-droplets of soft matter solutions have different morphologies upon drying,and can become wrinkled,buckled or cavitated particles.We investigate the morphology evolution of a drying soft matter droplet in this work:at the early stage of drying,wrinkling or cavitation instability can occur in the droplet,depending on the comparison between the critical wrinkling and cavitation pressure;at a later stage of drying,no wrinkles will appear if cavitation happens first,while cavitation can still occur if wrinkling happens first.A three-dimensional phase diagram in the space of elastic length,gel layer thickness and weight loss is provided to illustrate the drying pathways of a soft matter droplet.This diagram can help guide future fabrications of micro-particles with desired morphologies.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 22193032)。
文摘We develop a minimal phenomenological model to describe the auxetic response recently observed in liquid crystal elastomers, and further determine by theoretical calculation the critical condition required for the auxetic response to occur.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 82371450]the Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province[grant number 2022C03136].
文摘The unpredictability of seizures underscores the importance of timely recognition and intervention for optimal prognosis.Seizure first aid(SFA)is an essential skill for community members.We reviewed the literature to assess the challenges and explore potential solutions for effective SFA implementation in community settings.The findings reveal that the knowledge of SFA varies significantly among different groups and countries.There are common misunderstandings,such as point therapy,unnecessary ambulance calls,putting objects into the mouth,inappropriate administration of anti-seizure medications,and performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Effective SFA training content includes ensuring the safety of patients,avoiding restraint,using lateral position,clearing the respiratory tract,avoiding placing objects into the mouth,recording details,and seeking for professional help.Training methods range from hospital-based courses to community center workshops and online platforms.General practitioners play a pivotal role in epilepsy management and should be actively involved in SFA training initiatives.Therefore,the development of targeted,diverse,and comprehensive training and evaluation strategies,along with collaborative efforts from the whole society,is essential to improve the level and effectiveness of community SFA.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFB2807901)Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(2021ZD0302300)+3 种基金Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB01000000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(61991441,62275117)Shenzhen Excellent Youth Program(RCYX20221008092900001)Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility(SECUF,https://cstr.cn/31123.02.SECUF)。
文摘Ultra-compact spectrometers have attracted significant attention for their potential applications in portable systems for biomedical analysis,environmental monitoring,spectral analysis,and astronomical observation.In this work,we propose a miniaturized InGaAs-based extended short-wave infrared(eSWIR)spectrometer based on a single n-graded-p junction with voltage-tunable optical response characteristics in the range from 1600to 2100 nm.We combine this unique optical characteristic with a regression algorithm to realize the reconstruction of an unknown spectrum.The spectrometer achieves a high responsivity of 0.73 A/W at 1650 nm,and a low dark current density of 3.91×10^(-5)A/cm^2 at 200 K,corresponding to a calculated detectivity of1.69×10^(11)cm·Hz^(1/2)/W.Such spectrometers compatible with standard Ⅲ-Ⅴprocesses can offer a pathway to greatly promote the development of miniaturized spectrometers.
