Dimensionality has great influence on the photo/electro-catalysts properties of covalent organic frameworks(COFs) because of the different electronic and porous structures.However,very rare attention has been paid on ...Dimensionality has great influence on the photo/electro-catalysts properties of covalent organic frameworks(COFs) because of the different electronic and porous structures.However,very rare attention has been paid on the dimensionality and function correlations of COF materials.In the present work,one new two-dimensional phthalocyanine COF,namely 2D-NiPc-COF,and one new three-dimensional phthalocyanine COF,namely 3D-NiPc-COF,were fabricated according to the imide reaction between tetraanhydrides of 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octacarboxyphthalocyaninato nickel(Ⅱ) with [2,2-bipyridine]-5,5-diamine and tetrakis(4-aminophenyl) methane,respectively.The crystalline structures of both COFs are verified by the powder X-ray diffraction analysis,computational simulation,and high resolution transmission electron microscopy measurement.Notably,3D-NiPc-COF with dispersed conjugated modules has high utilization efficiency of NiPc electroactive sites of 26.8%,almost two times higher than the in-plane stacking2D-NiPc-COF measured by electrochemical measurement,in turn resulting in its superior electrocatalytic performance with high CO_(2)-to-CO Faradaic efficiency over 90% in a wide potential window,a large partial CO current density of-13.97 mA/cm^(2) at-0.9 V(vs.reversible hydrogen electrode) to 2D-NiPc-COF.Moreover,3D-NiPc-COF has higher turnover number and turnover frequency of 5741.6 and 0.18 s^(-1) at-0.8 V during 8 h lasting measurement.The present work provides an example for the investigation on the correlation between dimensionality and electrochemical properties of 2D and 3D phthalocyanine COFs.展开更多
Swing nose crossings(SNXs)have been widely used in heavy haul railways to create a smoother load transfer and hence reduced impact load.However,the current design of SNXs hasn’t been fully examined under heavy haul o...Swing nose crossings(SNXs)have been widely used in heavy haul railways to create a smoother load transfer and hence reduced impact load.However,the current design of SNXs hasn’t been fully examined under heavy haul operating conditions.Additionally,maintenance guidelines for SNX wear-related issues in Australian heavy haul railways are relatively lacking.As such,this study aims to investigate the dynamic response of the wheel-rail contact and analyse the wear performance of an SNX currently used in Australian heavy haul railways.Dynamic implicit-explicit finite element analysis was conducted to simulate the wheel-rail contact along the SNX.The distribution of the wear intensity over the SNX was identified by using a local contact-based wear model.The influence of various scenarios on wear was also explored.The results verify the improved dynamic performance of the SNX,as the increased contact force after load transfer remains below 1.2 times the static load.The findings also indicate that the decrease in relative height and increase in nose rail inclination result in greater wear on the nose rail.Notably,the SNX considered in the current study exhibits better wear performance when used with moderately worn wheels.展开更多
Using seeds of inbred progenies of Cucurbita pepo L. DH12-11409 double haplolds as experimental materials, the effects of different hormone combinations, explant types and seedling ages on adventitious bud regeneratio...Using seeds of inbred progenies of Cucurbita pepo L. DH12-11409 double haplolds as experimental materials, the effects of different hormone combinations, explant types and seedling ages on adventitious bud regeneration and rooting of C. pepo L. were investigated. According to the results, inoculating cotyledonary nodes of yellow-green cotyledons from 5-d-old C. pepo L. double haploids to MS ＋ 30 g/L Suc ＋ 8 g/L Agar ＋ 2.0 mg/L 6-BA ＋ 0.1 mg/L NAA led to the best results with the induction frequency of 90.0% and differentiation coefficient of 8.5. MS medium with addition of 0.05 or 0.1 mg/L NAA led to the highest rooting rate. Regenerated seedlings with 5 - 6 true leaves exhibited the highest survival rate of 90.0%, which was the optimal period for domestication and transplanting of regenerated seedlings. This study laid a solid foundation for high-efficiency utilization of heterosis of C. pepo L.展开更多
Background Sodium valproate(VPA)is widely recognized as the first-line treatment for patients with epilepsy(PWE).However,current studies lack evidence to determine the best add-on medication following VPA monotherapy ...Background Sodium valproate(VPA)is widely recognized as the first-line treatment for patients with epilepsy(PWE).However,current studies lack evidence to determine the best add-on medication following VPA monotherapy failure.Lamotrigine(LTG),levetiracetam(LEV),oxcarbazepine(OXC),topiramate(TPM),and carbamazepine(CBZ)also exhibit broad-spectrum activity for seizures.This study aims to compare the therapeutic efficacy of different anti-seizure medication combinations in PWE following valproate monotherapy failure.Methods Individuals were categorized into five groups:VPA+LTG,VPA+LEV,VPA+TPM,VPA+OXC and VPA+CBZ.Each group was further subdivided based on seizure type:generalized onset,focal onset,or unknown onset.The effectiveness of these five groups was compared using variance,χ^(2) test and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.Results A total of 2656 PWEs were included in this study.The≥50%response rates for subjects with general-ized epilepsy when combining VPA with LTG,OXC,LEV,TPM,and CBZ were 89.6%,81.0%,77.9%,77.7%,and 75.9%,respectively.The LTG group demonstrated significantly higher efficacy than the LEV,TPM,and CBZ groups(P<0.05).The≥50%response rate of LTG,OXC,LEV,TPM and CBZ for subjects with focal epilepsy were 86.3%,88.9%,79.3%,75.9%and 74.8%,respectively;with the OXC group being significantly more effective than the LEV,TPM,and CBZ groups(P<0.05).Conclusions In this real-world study,we assessed the effectiveness of five anti-seizure medications as add-on therapy for PWE who failed sodium valproate monotherapy.Our findings suggest that combining LTG may be more effective for subjects with generalized epilepsy,while combining OXC may be more effective for subjects with focal epilepsy.展开更多
Deep eutectic solvents(DESs)are acknowledged as a novel class of functional liquid.DESs share similar physical properties with ionic liquids(ILs)and have the potential to be a novel class of lubricants.In this study,t...Deep eutectic solvents(DESs)are acknowledged as a novel class of functional liquid.DESs share similar physical properties with ionic liquids(ILs)and have the potential to be a novel class of lubricants.In this study,two DESs,namely tetrabutylammonium chloride-decanoic acid DES(C4-DES)and methyl tricaprylmethylammonium chloride-decanoic acid DES(C8-DES),were synthesized,and their physico-chemical properties and tribological performances were evaluated.Post-analysis of the rubbing surfaces used multiple techniques to gain insights into the lubrication mechanisms.Results show that the coefficient of friction(COF)and wear were reduced by approximately 29%and 91%for the C4-DES,and 36%and 94%for the C8-DES,compared to an ester base oil.The friction reduction behavior of the DESs is attributed to the monolayer adsorption of the polar group in the decanoic acid(DEAC),whose effectiveness is affected by the component of the ammonium salts in the DESs and the operating temperatures.In addition to the adsorbed film,worn surface analysis revealed that an ultra-thin tribochemical film with a thickness of 3–7 nm was formed on the surfaces lubricated with the C8-DES.The composition of the film was studied,and the lubrication mechanisms of the two DESs were discussed.展开更多
Background Temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis(TLE-HS)is typically resistant to pharmacological interventions;however,achieving seizure freedom is possible through surgery.Our objective was to focus on t...Background Temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis(TLE-HS)is typically resistant to pharmacological interventions;however,achieving seizure freedom is possible through surgery.Our objective was to focus on the pregnancy and seizure outcomes during pregnancy of women with TLE-HS,and aim to identify predictors of seizure control.Methods The West China Registry of Pregnancy of Women with Epilepsy(WCPR_EPi)was a monocentric prospective cohort study of women with epilepsy(WWE).We screened women with TLE-HS in this database.Their clinical profile,anti-seizure medication(ASM)use,and pregnancy outcomes were extracted from the records of the registry(2010–2023).Results Out of 2320 WWE followed up,47 pregnancies in women with TLE-HS were identified and analyzed.Seizure exacerbation occurred in 40.4%of pregnancies,and seizure freedom was present in 34.0%of these during pregnancy.Factors associated with seizure exacerbation during pregnancy was ASM non-adherence(odds ratio[OR]=7.00,95%confidence interval[CI]1.43–34.07,P=0.016).The surgery group showed a significantly higher seizure freedom rate(OR=6.87,95%CI 1.02–46.23,P=0.016)and lower rate of induced labor(0.0%vs 26.5%,P=0.047)compared to the medically-treated group alone.Caesarean section was chosen in 77.1%of cases due to seizure concerns,with comparable in epilepsy-related(n=20)and obstetric causes(n=24).No major congenital malformations were reported.Conclusions Surgical treatment before pregnancy appears to offer a higher chance of seizure freedom compared to medication alone.Most of women with TLE-HS can deliver healthy offspring regardless of suboptimal seizure control and unwarranted concerns.展开更多
基金Financial support from the Natural Science Foundation(NSF) of China(Nos.22205015,22175020,and 22235001)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX20220032)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(No.2022BG013)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.00007709 and 00007770)。
文摘Dimensionality has great influence on the photo/electro-catalysts properties of covalent organic frameworks(COFs) because of the different electronic and porous structures.However,very rare attention has been paid on the dimensionality and function correlations of COF materials.In the present work,one new two-dimensional phthalocyanine COF,namely 2D-NiPc-COF,and one new three-dimensional phthalocyanine COF,namely 3D-NiPc-COF,were fabricated according to the imide reaction between tetraanhydrides of 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octacarboxyphthalocyaninato nickel(Ⅱ) with [2,2-bipyridine]-5,5-diamine and tetrakis(4-aminophenyl) methane,respectively.The crystalline structures of both COFs are verified by the powder X-ray diffraction analysis,computational simulation,and high resolution transmission electron microscopy measurement.Notably,3D-NiPc-COF with dispersed conjugated modules has high utilization efficiency of NiPc electroactive sites of 26.8%,almost two times higher than the in-plane stacking2D-NiPc-COF measured by electrochemical measurement,in turn resulting in its superior electrocatalytic performance with high CO_(2)-to-CO Faradaic efficiency over 90% in a wide potential window,a large partial CO current density of-13.97 mA/cm^(2) at-0.9 V(vs.reversible hydrogen electrode) to 2D-NiPc-COF.Moreover,3D-NiPc-COF has higher turnover number and turnover frequency of 5741.6 and 0.18 s^(-1) at-0.8 V during 8 h lasting measurement.The present work provides an example for the investigation on the correlation between dimensionality and electrochemical properties of 2D and 3D phthalocyanine COFs.
基金supported by Australia Research Council through the Linkage Project(Grant No.LP200100110).
文摘Swing nose crossings(SNXs)have been widely used in heavy haul railways to create a smoother load transfer and hence reduced impact load.However,the current design of SNXs hasn’t been fully examined under heavy haul operating conditions.Additionally,maintenance guidelines for SNX wear-related issues in Australian heavy haul railways are relatively lacking.As such,this study aims to investigate the dynamic response of the wheel-rail contact and analyse the wear performance of an SNX currently used in Australian heavy haul railways.Dynamic implicit-explicit finite element analysis was conducted to simulate the wheel-rail contact along the SNX.The distribution of the wear intensity over the SNX was identified by using a local contact-based wear model.The influence of various scenarios on wear was also explored.The results verify the improved dynamic performance of the SNX,as the increased contact force after load transfer remains below 1.2 times the static load.The findings also indicate that the decrease in relative height and increase in nose rail inclination result in greater wear on the nose rail.Notably,the SNX considered in the current study exhibits better wear performance when used with moderately worn wheels.
基金Supported by National Staple Vegetable Industry Technical System(CARS-25)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201303112)
文摘Using seeds of inbred progenies of Cucurbita pepo L. DH12-11409 double haplolds as experimental materials, the effects of different hormone combinations, explant types and seedling ages on adventitious bud regeneration and rooting of C. pepo L. were investigated. According to the results, inoculating cotyledonary nodes of yellow-green cotyledons from 5-d-old C. pepo L. double haploids to MS ＋ 30 g/L Suc ＋ 8 g/L Agar ＋ 2.0 mg/L 6-BA ＋ 0.1 mg/L NAA led to the best results with the induction frequency of 90.0% and differentiation coefficient of 8.5. MS medium with addition of 0.05 or 0.1 mg/L NAA led to the highest rooting rate. Regenerated seedlings with 5 - 6 true leaves exhibited the highest survival rate of 90.0%, which was the optimal period for domestication and transplanting of regenerated seedlings. This study laid a solid foundation for high-efficiency utilization of heterosis of C. pepo L.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC2401204,2022YFC2503805)the Sichuan Science and Technol-ogy Program(No.2023YFQ0109)+2 种基金the Health Commission of Sichuan Province Medical Science and Technology Program(No.24LCYJPT08,No.ChuanGanYan 2023-109)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(25QNJJ0170)the Postdoctor Research Fund of West China Hospital,Sichuan University(2024HXBH166).
文摘Background Sodium valproate(VPA)is widely recognized as the first-line treatment for patients with epilepsy(PWE).However,current studies lack evidence to determine the best add-on medication following VPA monotherapy failure.Lamotrigine(LTG),levetiracetam(LEV),oxcarbazepine(OXC),topiramate(TPM),and carbamazepine(CBZ)also exhibit broad-spectrum activity for seizures.This study aims to compare the therapeutic efficacy of different anti-seizure medication combinations in PWE following valproate monotherapy failure.Methods Individuals were categorized into five groups:VPA+LTG,VPA+LEV,VPA+TPM,VPA+OXC and VPA+CBZ.Each group was further subdivided based on seizure type:generalized onset,focal onset,or unknown onset.The effectiveness of these five groups was compared using variance,χ^(2) test and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.Results A total of 2656 PWEs were included in this study.The≥50%response rates for subjects with general-ized epilepsy when combining VPA with LTG,OXC,LEV,TPM,and CBZ were 89.6%,81.0%,77.9%,77.7%,and 75.9%,respectively.The LTG group demonstrated significantly higher efficacy than the LEV,TPM,and CBZ groups(P<0.05).The≥50%response rate of LTG,OXC,LEV,TPM and CBZ for subjects with focal epilepsy were 86.3%,88.9%,79.3%,75.9%and 74.8%,respectively;with the OXC group being significantly more effective than the LEV,TPM,and CBZ groups(P<0.05).Conclusions In this real-world study,we assessed the effectiveness of five anti-seizure medications as add-on therapy for PWE who failed sodium valproate monotherapy.Our findings suggest that combining LTG may be more effective for subjects with generalized epilepsy,while combining OXC may be more effective for subjects with focal epilepsy.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51975560),Key Projects of Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KJZLZD-1)Taishan Scholars Project of Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(No.2020CXGC11002).
文摘Deep eutectic solvents(DESs)are acknowledged as a novel class of functional liquid.DESs share similar physical properties with ionic liquids(ILs)and have the potential to be a novel class of lubricants.In this study,two DESs,namely tetrabutylammonium chloride-decanoic acid DES(C4-DES)and methyl tricaprylmethylammonium chloride-decanoic acid DES(C8-DES),were synthesized,and their physico-chemical properties and tribological performances were evaluated.Post-analysis of the rubbing surfaces used multiple techniques to gain insights into the lubrication mechanisms.Results show that the coefficient of friction(COF)and wear were reduced by approximately 29%and 91%for the C4-DES,and 36%and 94%for the C8-DES,compared to an ester base oil.The friction reduction behavior of the DESs is attributed to the monolayer adsorption of the polar group in the decanoic acid(DEAC),whose effectiveness is affected by the component of the ammonium salts in the DESs and the operating temperatures.In addition to the adsorbed film,worn surface analysis revealed that an ultra-thin tribochemical film with a thickness of 3–7 nm was formed on the surfaces lubricated with the C8-DES.The composition of the film was studied,and the lubrication mechanisms of the two DESs were discussed.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81901327),the Post-Doctoral Research Project of West China Hospital(2019HXBH080)The 1•3•5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence and Brain Science at West China Hospital,Sichuan University(ZYJC21001)+2 种基金Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau Program(2019-YF09-00215-SN)China National Key R&D Program during the 14th Five-year Plan Period(No.2021YFC2401204)Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2023YFQ0109).
文摘Background Temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis(TLE-HS)is typically resistant to pharmacological interventions;however,achieving seizure freedom is possible through surgery.Our objective was to focus on the pregnancy and seizure outcomes during pregnancy of women with TLE-HS,and aim to identify predictors of seizure control.Methods The West China Registry of Pregnancy of Women with Epilepsy(WCPR_EPi)was a monocentric prospective cohort study of women with epilepsy(WWE).We screened women with TLE-HS in this database.Their clinical profile,anti-seizure medication(ASM)use,and pregnancy outcomes were extracted from the records of the registry(2010–2023).Results Out of 2320 WWE followed up,47 pregnancies in women with TLE-HS were identified and analyzed.Seizure exacerbation occurred in 40.4%of pregnancies,and seizure freedom was present in 34.0%of these during pregnancy.Factors associated with seizure exacerbation during pregnancy was ASM non-adherence(odds ratio[OR]=7.00,95%confidence interval[CI]1.43–34.07,P=0.016).The surgery group showed a significantly higher seizure freedom rate(OR=6.87,95%CI 1.02–46.23,P=0.016)and lower rate of induced labor(0.0%vs 26.5%,P=0.047)compared to the medically-treated group alone.Caesarean section was chosen in 77.1%of cases due to seizure concerns,with comparable in epilepsy-related(n=20)and obstetric causes(n=24).No major congenital malformations were reported.Conclusions Surgical treatment before pregnancy appears to offer a higher chance of seizure freedom compared to medication alone.Most of women with TLE-HS can deliver healthy offspring regardless of suboptimal seizure control and unwarranted concerns.
