The Xiaolangdi Reservoir has been operated for 23 consecutive years,greatly altering theflow and sediment processes of the Lower Yellow River.Many research have separately analyzed the changes of siltation in reservoi...The Xiaolangdi Reservoir has been operated for 23 consecutive years,greatly altering theflow and sediment processes of the Lower Yellow River.Many research have separately analyzed the changes of siltation in reservoirs and river channels,discharge capacity of the lower river channel,river regime stability,or ecological environmental benefits under water and sediment regulation.However,the multiple changes offlow and sediment transport,ecological environment,and social economy were seldom considered.We systematically and holistically explored the changes of river system in the Lower Yellow River since 2000,based on the channel erosion and siltation,channel morphology,ecosystem patterns and habitat quality,irrigation water scale,and crop production index.The results show that the discharge capacity of the main channel has been recovered significantly at a bankfull discharge of over 4700 m^(3)/s.The ecological pattern in the Lower Yellow River and the delta has been optimized.The wetland and water ecosystem area has been remarkably increased by 125.82%and 318.54%respectively,and the saline-alkali land area has been sharply reduced by 89.65%.The habitat quality has been raised to the highest level in nearly 40 years.The irrigation water volume in the irrigation area of the Lower Yellow River has been increased by 31%,and the grain production has maintained a continuous growth for 16 years.Overall,the coordinated development level offlow and sediment transport,ecological environment and crop production in the Lower Yellow River has been continuously improved from the reluctantly coordinated level(before water and sediment regulation)to the highly coordinated level.展开更多
Ferroptosis has been increasingly implicated in adipose and muscle dysfunction,systemic metabolic disturbances,and several diseases in livestock,which necessitates effective and side-effect-free inhibition strategies....Ferroptosis has been increasingly implicated in adipose and muscle dysfunction,systemic metabolic disturbances,and several diseases in livestock,which necessitates effective and side-effect-free inhibition strategies.Phloretin,a dihydrochalcone with excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties,may have the potential to restrain cell ferroptosis.Herein,phloretin was verified to significantly inhibit(1S,3R)-RSL3-induced ferroptosis by reducing intracellular MDA,Fe^(2+),and ROS levels and restoring cell total antioxidant capacity in bovine and mouse preadipocytes or myoblasts.It also alleviated oxidative stress(OS),a vital inducer of ferroptosis,by restoring antioxidant enzyme activity in the above cells and obese mice.In vivo,phloretin gavage significantly reversed the trend where high-fat diet(HFD)-induced OS promoted the expression of ferroptosis-promoting genes and proteins(e.g.,ACSL4 and PTGS2)while inhibiting the expression of ferroptosis-negative regulators(e.g.,Fth1 and Gpx4).Unlike most flavonoids that exert anti-inflammatory or antioxidant activities by altering the gut microbiota composition,metagenomic sequencing analysis of cecal contents from phloretin-gavaged and HFD mice revealed that phloretin exerts its antioxidative and ferroptosis-inhibitory effects independent of modulating gut microbiota diversity.Further transcriptomic analyses of mouse adipose tissues revealed that phloretin alleviated ferroptosis in adipocytes by modulating the transcription of genes enriched in AMPK and PPAR signaling pathways,such as Camkk2.Hence,based on multi-omics analysis combined with in vivo and in vitro verification,phloretin effectively alleviated the OS to further inhibit ferroptosis of adipose or muscle cells through the AMPK-PPAR pathway,which can provide new research ideas for ameliorating adipose or myocyte dysfunction induced by ferroptosis in animals.展开更多
Reservoir construction and operation profoundly alter the hydrological,hydrodynamic,and carbon and nitrogen cycling processes of rivers.However,current research still lacks a systematic understanding of the characteri...Reservoir construction and operation profoundly alter the hydrological,hydrodynamic,and carbon and nitrogen cycling processes of rivers.However,current research still lacks a systematic understanding of the characteristics of greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions from reservoirs in arid/semi-arid regions.This study integrates existing monitoring data to discuss the characteristics of GHG emissions from reservoirs in the Yellow River Basin and illustrate the controlling factors and underlying mechanism of these processes.The results indicate that while CO_(2) emission flux from reservoirs is lower than that from river channels,the emission fluxes of CH_(4) and N_(2)O are 1.9 times and 10 times those from rivers,respectively,indicating that the emission of GHG with stronger radiative effect is significantly enhanced in reservoirs.Compared to the reservoirs in humid climates(e.g.,the Three Gorges Reservoir),reservoirs in the Yellow River Basin exhibit relatively lower emissions of CO_(2) and CH_4 due to lower organic matter concentrations,but significantly higher N_(2)O emissions due to higher nitrogen loads.Monte Carlo simulations for 237 reservoirs in the Yellow River Basin showed that total emission of the three GHGs is 3.05 Tg CO_(2)-eq yr^(-1),accounting for 0.39% of the total emission from global reservoirs and lower than the area percentage of the basin(0.53%).This study has important implications on revealing the GHG emission characteristics and control mechanisms of reservoirs in arid/semi-arid regions.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFC3200400National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:U2243601+1 种基金Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by Henan Association for Science and Technology,Grant/Award Number:2022HYTP023Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Grant/Award Number:HKF202114。
文摘The Xiaolangdi Reservoir has been operated for 23 consecutive years,greatly altering theflow and sediment processes of the Lower Yellow River.Many research have separately analyzed the changes of siltation in reservoirs and river channels,discharge capacity of the lower river channel,river regime stability,or ecological environmental benefits under water and sediment regulation.However,the multiple changes offlow and sediment transport,ecological environment,and social economy were seldom considered.We systematically and holistically explored the changes of river system in the Lower Yellow River since 2000,based on the channel erosion and siltation,channel morphology,ecosystem patterns and habitat quality,irrigation water scale,and crop production index.The results show that the discharge capacity of the main channel has been recovered significantly at a bankfull discharge of over 4700 m^(3)/s.The ecological pattern in the Lower Yellow River and the delta has been optimized.The wetland and water ecosystem area has been remarkably increased by 125.82%and 318.54%respectively,and the saline-alkali land area has been sharply reduced by 89.65%.The habitat quality has been raised to the highest level in nearly 40 years.The irrigation water volume in the irrigation area of the Lower Yellow River has been increased by 31%,and the grain production has maintained a continuous growth for 16 years.Overall,the coordinated development level offlow and sediment transport,ecological environment and crop production in the Lower Yellow River has been continuously improved from the reluctantly coordinated level(before water and sediment regulation)to the highly coordinated level.
基金funded by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province,Key Project on Frontier Exploration(Innovative Exploration Category,No.2025JC-QYCX-027)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32402726,No.32372852)+5 种基金the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Shaanxi Province(No.2024JC-JCQN-30)Shaanxi Provincal Innovation Leadership Program in Sciences and Technologies for Young and Middle-aged Scientists(No.2023SR205)National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32372852,Xianyong Lan,No.32402726Jie Li,Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province,Key Project on Frontier Exploration,Innovative Exploration Category,No.2025JC-QYCX-027Xianyong Lan,Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Shaanxi Province,No.2024JC-JCQN-30Xianyong Lan,Shaanxi Provincal Innovation Leadership Program in Sciences and Technologies for Young and Middle-aged Scientists,No.2023SR205,Xianyong Lan。
文摘Ferroptosis has been increasingly implicated in adipose and muscle dysfunction,systemic metabolic disturbances,and several diseases in livestock,which necessitates effective and side-effect-free inhibition strategies.Phloretin,a dihydrochalcone with excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties,may have the potential to restrain cell ferroptosis.Herein,phloretin was verified to significantly inhibit(1S,3R)-RSL3-induced ferroptosis by reducing intracellular MDA,Fe^(2+),and ROS levels and restoring cell total antioxidant capacity in bovine and mouse preadipocytes or myoblasts.It also alleviated oxidative stress(OS),a vital inducer of ferroptosis,by restoring antioxidant enzyme activity in the above cells and obese mice.In vivo,phloretin gavage significantly reversed the trend where high-fat diet(HFD)-induced OS promoted the expression of ferroptosis-promoting genes and proteins(e.g.,ACSL4 and PTGS2)while inhibiting the expression of ferroptosis-negative regulators(e.g.,Fth1 and Gpx4).Unlike most flavonoids that exert anti-inflammatory or antioxidant activities by altering the gut microbiota composition,metagenomic sequencing analysis of cecal contents from phloretin-gavaged and HFD mice revealed that phloretin exerts its antioxidative and ferroptosis-inhibitory effects independent of modulating gut microbiota diversity.Further transcriptomic analyses of mouse adipose tissues revealed that phloretin alleviated ferroptosis in adipocytes by modulating the transcription of genes enriched in AMPK and PPAR signaling pathways,such as Camkk2.Hence,based on multi-omics analysis combined with in vivo and in vitro verification,phloretin effectively alleviated the OS to further inhibit ferroptosis of adipose or muscle cells through the AMPK-PPAR pathway,which can provide new research ideas for ameliorating adipose or myocyte dysfunction induced by ferroptosis in animals.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFC3200401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52379057&52039001)。
文摘Reservoir construction and operation profoundly alter the hydrological,hydrodynamic,and carbon and nitrogen cycling processes of rivers.However,current research still lacks a systematic understanding of the characteristics of greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions from reservoirs in arid/semi-arid regions.This study integrates existing monitoring data to discuss the characteristics of GHG emissions from reservoirs in the Yellow River Basin and illustrate the controlling factors and underlying mechanism of these processes.The results indicate that while CO_(2) emission flux from reservoirs is lower than that from river channels,the emission fluxes of CH_(4) and N_(2)O are 1.9 times and 10 times those from rivers,respectively,indicating that the emission of GHG with stronger radiative effect is significantly enhanced in reservoirs.Compared to the reservoirs in humid climates(e.g.,the Three Gorges Reservoir),reservoirs in the Yellow River Basin exhibit relatively lower emissions of CO_(2) and CH_4 due to lower organic matter concentrations,but significantly higher N_(2)O emissions due to higher nitrogen loads.Monte Carlo simulations for 237 reservoirs in the Yellow River Basin showed that total emission of the three GHGs is 3.05 Tg CO_(2)-eq yr^(-1),accounting for 0.39% of the total emission from global reservoirs and lower than the area percentage of the basin(0.53%).This study has important implications on revealing the GHG emission characteristics and control mechanisms of reservoirs in arid/semi-arid regions.
