Background:Cytosolic Ca^(2+)plays vital roles in myogenesis and muscle development.As a major Ca^(2+)release channel of endoplasmic reticulum(ER),ryanodine receptor 1(RyR1)key mutations are main causes of severe conge...Background:Cytosolic Ca^(2+)plays vital roles in myogenesis and muscle development.As a major Ca^(2+)release channel of endoplasmic reticulum(ER),ryanodine receptor 1(RyR1)key mutations are main causes of severe congenital myopathies.The role of RyR1 in myogenic differentiation has attracted intense research interest but remains unclear.Results:In the present study,both RyR1-knockdown myoblasts and CRISPR/Cas9-based RyR1-knockout myoblasts were employed to explore the role of RyR1 in myogenic differentiation,myotube formation as well as the potential mechanism of RyR1-related myopathies.We observed that RyR1 expression was dramatically increased during the late stage of myogenic differentiation,accompanied by significantly elevated cytoplasmic Ca^(2+)concentration.Inhibition of RyR1 by siRNA-mediated knockdown or chemical inhibitor,dantrolene,significantly reduced cytosolic Ca^(2+)and blocked multinucleated myotube formation.The elevation of cytoplasmic Ca^(2+)concentration can effectively relieve myogenic differentiation stagnation by RyR1 inhibition,demonstrating that RyR1 modulates myogenic differentiation via regulation of Ca^(2+)release channel.However,RyR1-knockout-induced Ca^(2+)leakage led to the severe ER stress and excessive unfolded protein response,and drove myoblasts into apoptosis.Conclusions:Therefore,we concluded that Ca^(2+)release mediated by dramatic increase in RyR1 expression is required for the late stage of myogenic differentiation and fusion.This study contributes to a novel understanding of the role of RyR1 in myogenic differentiation and related congenital myopathies,and provides a potential target for regulation of muscle characteristics and meat quality.展开更多
Background Maternal nutrition is essential in keeping a highly efficient production system in the pig industry.Laminarin has been shown to improve antioxidant capacity,reduce the inflammatory response,and favor the ho...Background Maternal nutrition is essential in keeping a highly efficient production system in the pig industry.Laminarin has been shown to improve antioxidant capacity,reduce the inflammatory response,and favor the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota.However,the effect of dietary supplementation of laminarin on the reproductive performance of sows and the growth of suckling offspring remains unknown.Methods A total of 40 Landrace×Yorkshire multiparous sows on d 85 of gestation,similar in age,body weight(BW),parity and reproductive performance,were randomly divided into four dietary treatments with 10 sows per treatment,receiving a control diet(basal pregnancy or lactating diets)and a basal diet supplemented with 0.025%,0.05%and 0.10%laminarin,respectively.The experiment lasted from d 85 of gestation to d 21 of lactation.Results Laminarin supplementation linearly increased number born alive per litter(P=0.03),average daily feed intake(ADFI,P<0.01),and total milk yield of sows during the lactation of 1–21 d(P=0.02).Furthermore,maternal laminarin supplementation increased the average daily gain(ADG)of piglets while tending to reduce the culling and death rate before weaning.In addition,alterations to the composition of colostrum and milk,as well as to serum inflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulins of sows were observed.The fecal microbiota profile of sows supported the improvement of reproductive performance in sows and the growth performance in suckling offspring.Conclusions Dietary supplementation of laminarin during late pregnancy and lactation could significantly improve reproductive performance of sows and growth performance of piglets.展开更多
Background Excessive backfat deposition lowering carcass grade is a major concern in the pig industry,especially in most breeds of obese type pigs.The mechanisms involved in adipogenesis and fat accumulation in pigs r...Background Excessive backfat deposition lowering carcass grade is a major concern in the pig industry,especially in most breeds of obese type pigs.The mechanisms involved in adipogenesis and fat accumulation in pigs remain unclear.Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation(Khib),is a novel protein post-translational modification(PTM),which play an important role in transcription,energy metabolism and metastasis of cancer cells,but its role in adipogenesis and fat accumulation has not been shown.Results In this study,we first analyzed the modification levels of acetylation(Kac),Khib,crotonylation(Kcr)and succinylation(Ksu)of fibro-adipogenic progenitors(FAPs),myogenic precursors(Myo)and mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)with varied differentiation potential,and found that only Khib modification in FAPs was significantly higher than that in MSCs.Consistently,in parallel with its regulatory enzymes lysine acetyltransferase 5(KAT5)and histone deacetylase 2(HDAC2)protein levels,the Khib levels increased quadratically(P<0.01)during adipogenic differentiation of FAPs.KAT5 knockdown in FAPs inhibited adipogenic differentiation,while HDAC2 knockdown enhanced adipogenic differentiation.We also demonstrated that Khib modification favored to adipogenic differentiation and fat accumulation by comparing Khib levels in FAPs and backfat tissues both derived from obese-type pigs(Laiwu pigs)and lean-type pigs(Duroc pigs),respectively.Accordingly,the expression patterns of KAT5 and HDAC2 matched well to the degree of backfat accumulation in obese-and lean-type pigs.Conclusions From the perspective of protein translational modification,we are the first to reveal the role of Khib in adipogenesis and fat deposition in pigs,and provided new clues for the improvement of fat accumulation and distribution as expected via genetic selection and nutritional strategy in obese-type pigs.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary valine/isoleucine(V/I)ratio and slaughter weight on the profile of pork flavor precursors.Metabolomics and volatilomic profiling were performed on meat harvested ...This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary valine/isoleucine(V/I)ratio and slaughter weight on the profile of pork flavor precursors.Metabolomics and volatilomic profiling were performed on meat harvested from a 2×2 factorial feeding study.Thirty-six Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire castrated male pigs with around 75 kg body weight(BW)were randomly allocated to two dietary treatments,involving V/I(1.23 and 2.60 at 75 to 100 kg BW,1.24 and 2.39 at 100 to 135 kg BW for the normal dietary valine/isoleucine ratio defined N[V/I]and high dietary valine/isoleucine ratio defined H[V/I],respectively)and two slaughter weights(lower weight[LW]100 kg and higher weight[HW]130 kg).Each group consisted of six replicates of three pigs per replicate.The trial lasted for 63 d.Dietary V/I significantly affected several metabolic pathways in muscle,including alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism,fructose and mannose metabolism,and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism.On the other hand,contents of acylcarnitine(ACar;P<0.001)and lysophosphatidylethanolamine(LPE;P=0.036)were significantly higher in the meat of the HW pigs than those of the LW pigs.Among 48 volatile organic compounds(VOCs)identified in pork,the concentrations of seven VOCs were altered by dietary V/I,that of 17 VOCs by slaughter weight,and acetoin and 1-heptanol by both factors(P<0.05).In addition,increased dietary V/I altered 53 hydrophilic compounds and 10 VOCs in LW pigs,and altered 39 hydrophilic compounds and six VOCs in HW pigs(P<0.05).In conclusion,the increased dietary V/I significantly altered flavor precursors of pork,but this effect decreased as the slaughter weight increased.展开更多
The quality of pork determines consumers’ purchase intention, which directly affects the economic value of pork. Minimizing the proportion of inferior pork and producing high quality pork are the ultimate goals of th...The quality of pork determines consumers’ purchase intention, which directly affects the economic value of pork. Minimizing the proportion of inferior pork and producing high quality pork are the ultimate goals of the pig industry. Muscle energy metabolism, serving as a regulative hub in organism energy expenditure and storage as a fat deposit, is compatible with myofiber type composition, affecting meat color, intramuscular fat content, tenderness, p H values and drip loss. Increasing data illustrate that dietary nutrients and bioactive ingredients affect muscle energy metabolism, white adipose browning and fat distribution, and myofiber type composition in humans, and rodents. Recently, some studies have shown that modulating muscle energy metabolism and lipid accumulation through nutritional approaches could effectively improve meat quality. This article reviews the progress and development in this field, and specifically discusses the impacts of dietary supply of amino acids, lipids, and gut microbiota as well as maternal nutrition on skeletal muscle energy metabolism, lipid accumulation and meat quality of pigs, so as to provide comprehensive overview with respect to effective avenues for improving meat quality.展开更多
Intramuscular fat(IMF)content influences various meat quality traits,including tenderness,flavor,juiciness and nutritional value.This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary inositol supplementation on meat ...Intramuscular fat(IMF)content influences various meat quality traits,including tenderness,flavor,juiciness and nutritional value.This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary inositol supplementation on meat quality,metabolic profiles,and gut microbiota composition of finishing pigs.A total of 144 finishing pigs(initial body weight 70.41±0.78 kg)were randomly divided into control,0.075%,0.15%,and 0.3%inositol groups.The data showed that inositol increased backfat thickness at the 6th to 7th rib and 10th rib,IMF content,and improved tenderness(P≤0.05,n=8).Paralleling an increase in fat deposition,0.3%inositol also increased the protein level of PPARg in the subcutaneous fat(P≤0.05)and longissimus thoracis(LT)muscle(P=0.062).Inositol elevated the content of amino acids in LT muscle and enhanced amino acid metabolism of finishing pigs,including lysine degradation,tyrosine metabolism,and arginine and proline metabolism.The 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)sequencing showed that 0.3%inositol supplementation altered the profiles of microbes in the colon,particularly decreasing the abundance of Firmicutes(P<0.01)and increasing the abundance of Bacteroidota(P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that differential microbes had strong correlation with differential metabolites in serum,including amino acids.In conclusion,this study demonstrated that dietary inositol supplementation could effectively improve IMF content and tenderness of pork,enhance amino acid metabolism,and regulate gut microbiota composition of finishing pigs.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31790412)National key research and development program of China (Grant No. 2018YFD0500402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31672431)
文摘Background:Cytosolic Ca^(2+)plays vital roles in myogenesis and muscle development.As a major Ca^(2+)release channel of endoplasmic reticulum(ER),ryanodine receptor 1(RyR1)key mutations are main causes of severe congenital myopathies.The role of RyR1 in myogenic differentiation has attracted intense research interest but remains unclear.Results:In the present study,both RyR1-knockdown myoblasts and CRISPR/Cas9-based RyR1-knockout myoblasts were employed to explore the role of RyR1 in myogenic differentiation,myotube formation as well as the potential mechanism of RyR1-related myopathies.We observed that RyR1 expression was dramatically increased during the late stage of myogenic differentiation,accompanied by significantly elevated cytoplasmic Ca^(2+)concentration.Inhibition of RyR1 by siRNA-mediated knockdown or chemical inhibitor,dantrolene,significantly reduced cytosolic Ca^(2+)and blocked multinucleated myotube formation.The elevation of cytoplasmic Ca^(2+)concentration can effectively relieve myogenic differentiation stagnation by RyR1 inhibition,demonstrating that RyR1 modulates myogenic differentiation via regulation of Ca^(2+)release channel.However,RyR1-knockout-induced Ca^(2+)leakage led to the severe ER stress and excessive unfolded protein response,and drove myoblasts into apoptosis.Conclusions:Therefore,we concluded that Ca^(2+)release mediated by dramatic increase in RyR1 expression is required for the late stage of myogenic differentiation and fusion.This study contributes to a novel understanding of the role of RyR1 in myogenic differentiation and related congenital myopathies,and provides a potential target for regulation of muscle characteristics and meat quality.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,2018YFD0500400。
文摘Background Maternal nutrition is essential in keeping a highly efficient production system in the pig industry.Laminarin has been shown to improve antioxidant capacity,reduce the inflammatory response,and favor the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota.However,the effect of dietary supplementation of laminarin on the reproductive performance of sows and the growth of suckling offspring remains unknown.Methods A total of 40 Landrace×Yorkshire multiparous sows on d 85 of gestation,similar in age,body weight(BW),parity and reproductive performance,were randomly divided into four dietary treatments with 10 sows per treatment,receiving a control diet(basal pregnancy or lactating diets)and a basal diet supplemented with 0.025%,0.05%and 0.10%laminarin,respectively.The experiment lasted from d 85 of gestation to d 21 of lactation.Results Laminarin supplementation linearly increased number born alive per litter(P=0.03),average daily feed intake(ADFI,P<0.01),and total milk yield of sows during the lactation of 1–21 d(P=0.02).Furthermore,maternal laminarin supplementation increased the average daily gain(ADG)of piglets while tending to reduce the culling and death rate before weaning.In addition,alterations to the composition of colostrum and milk,as well as to serum inflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulins of sows were observed.The fecal microbiota profile of sows supported the improvement of reproductive performance in sows and the growth performance in suckling offspring.Conclusions Dietary supplementation of laminarin during late pregnancy and lactation could significantly improve reproductive performance of sows and growth performance of piglets.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFD1301300)。
文摘Background Excessive backfat deposition lowering carcass grade is a major concern in the pig industry,especially in most breeds of obese type pigs.The mechanisms involved in adipogenesis and fat accumulation in pigs remain unclear.Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation(Khib),is a novel protein post-translational modification(PTM),which play an important role in transcription,energy metabolism and metastasis of cancer cells,but its role in adipogenesis and fat accumulation has not been shown.Results In this study,we first analyzed the modification levels of acetylation(Kac),Khib,crotonylation(Kcr)and succinylation(Ksu)of fibro-adipogenic progenitors(FAPs),myogenic precursors(Myo)and mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)with varied differentiation potential,and found that only Khib modification in FAPs was significantly higher than that in MSCs.Consistently,in parallel with its regulatory enzymes lysine acetyltransferase 5(KAT5)and histone deacetylase 2(HDAC2)protein levels,the Khib levels increased quadratically(P<0.01)during adipogenic differentiation of FAPs.KAT5 knockdown in FAPs inhibited adipogenic differentiation,while HDAC2 knockdown enhanced adipogenic differentiation.We also demonstrated that Khib modification favored to adipogenic differentiation and fat accumulation by comparing Khib levels in FAPs and backfat tissues both derived from obese-type pigs(Laiwu pigs)and lean-type pigs(Duroc pigs),respectively.Accordingly,the expression patterns of KAT5 and HDAC2 matched well to the degree of backfat accumulation in obese-and lean-type pigs.Conclusions From the perspective of protein translational modification,we are the first to reveal the role of Khib in adipogenesis and fat deposition in pigs,and provided new clues for the improvement of fat accumulation and distribution as expected via genetic selection and nutritional strategy in obese-type pigs.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1301301 and 2018YFD0500400)the 111 Project(B16044).
文摘This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary valine/isoleucine(V/I)ratio and slaughter weight on the profile of pork flavor precursors.Metabolomics and volatilomic profiling were performed on meat harvested from a 2×2 factorial feeding study.Thirty-six Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire castrated male pigs with around 75 kg body weight(BW)were randomly allocated to two dietary treatments,involving V/I(1.23 and 2.60 at 75 to 100 kg BW,1.24 and 2.39 at 100 to 135 kg BW for the normal dietary valine/isoleucine ratio defined N[V/I]and high dietary valine/isoleucine ratio defined H[V/I],respectively)and two slaughter weights(lower weight[LW]100 kg and higher weight[HW]130 kg).Each group consisted of six replicates of three pigs per replicate.The trial lasted for 63 d.Dietary V/I significantly affected several metabolic pathways in muscle,including alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism,fructose and mannose metabolism,and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism.On the other hand,contents of acylcarnitine(ACar;P<0.001)and lysophosphatidylethanolamine(LPE;P=0.036)were significantly higher in the meat of the HW pigs than those of the LW pigs.Among 48 volatile organic compounds(VOCs)identified in pork,the concentrations of seven VOCs were altered by dietary V/I,that of 17 VOCs by slaughter weight,and acetoin and 1-heptanol by both factors(P<0.05).In addition,increased dietary V/I altered 53 hydrophilic compounds and 10 VOCs in LW pigs,and altered 39 hydrophilic compounds and six VOCs in HW pigs(P<0.05).In conclusion,the increased dietary V/I significantly altered flavor precursors of pork,but this effect decreased as the slaughter weight increased.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFF1000603, No. 2018YFD0500402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31790412)。
文摘The quality of pork determines consumers’ purchase intention, which directly affects the economic value of pork. Minimizing the proportion of inferior pork and producing high quality pork are the ultimate goals of the pig industry. Muscle energy metabolism, serving as a regulative hub in organism energy expenditure and storage as a fat deposit, is compatible with myofiber type composition, affecting meat color, intramuscular fat content, tenderness, p H values and drip loss. Increasing data illustrate that dietary nutrients and bioactive ingredients affect muscle energy metabolism, white adipose browning and fat distribution, and myofiber type composition in humans, and rodents. Recently, some studies have shown that modulating muscle energy metabolism and lipid accumulation through nutritional approaches could effectively improve meat quality. This article reviews the progress and development in this field, and specifically discusses the impacts of dietary supply of amino acids, lipids, and gut microbiota as well as maternal nutrition on skeletal muscle energy metabolism, lipid accumulation and meat quality of pigs, so as to provide comprehensive overview with respect to effective avenues for improving meat quality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 32102555)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number 2023YFD1301301).
文摘Intramuscular fat(IMF)content influences various meat quality traits,including tenderness,flavor,juiciness and nutritional value.This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary inositol supplementation on meat quality,metabolic profiles,and gut microbiota composition of finishing pigs.A total of 144 finishing pigs(initial body weight 70.41±0.78 kg)were randomly divided into control,0.075%,0.15%,and 0.3%inositol groups.The data showed that inositol increased backfat thickness at the 6th to 7th rib and 10th rib,IMF content,and improved tenderness(P≤0.05,n=8).Paralleling an increase in fat deposition,0.3%inositol also increased the protein level of PPARg in the subcutaneous fat(P≤0.05)and longissimus thoracis(LT)muscle(P=0.062).Inositol elevated the content of amino acids in LT muscle and enhanced amino acid metabolism of finishing pigs,including lysine degradation,tyrosine metabolism,and arginine and proline metabolism.The 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)sequencing showed that 0.3%inositol supplementation altered the profiles of microbes in the colon,particularly decreasing the abundance of Firmicutes(P<0.01)and increasing the abundance of Bacteroidota(P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that differential microbes had strong correlation with differential metabolites in serum,including amino acids.In conclusion,this study demonstrated that dietary inositol supplementation could effectively improve IMF content and tenderness of pork,enhance amino acid metabolism,and regulate gut microbiota composition of finishing pigs.
