Colorectal cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide.Despite notable advances in early detection and therapeutic strategies,the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor survival,chemot...Colorectal cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide.Despite notable advances in early detection and therapeutic strategies,the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor survival,chemotherapy resistance,and metastasis are not yet fully understood.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)have emerged as pivotal regulators of cancer development,as they modulate gene expression and orchestrate key signaling pathways.However,the epigenetic mechanisms that control miRNA expression and their downstream gene targets remain largely unclear.In this review,we highlight the critical role of the colorectal cancer microenvironment in influencing miRNA expression and discuss how this regulation contributes to tumorigenesis.A better understanding of these processes may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets and strategies to prevent recurrence.展开更多
Emerging evidence highlights the potential of bioactive compounds,particularly polyphenols,as adjunctive therapeutic agents in the treatment of pancreatic cancer(PC),one of the most aggressive malignancies.This review...Emerging evidence highlights the potential of bioactive compounds,particularly polyphenols,as adjunctive therapeutic agents in the treatment of pancreatic cancer(PC),one of the most aggressive malignancies.This review focuses on epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)and resveratrol due to their extensively documented anticancer activity,favorable safety profiles,and their unique ability to modulate multiple signaling pathways relevant to pan-creatic tumorigenesis.Among polyphenols,these two have shown superior anti-cancer activity,epigenetic regulatory effects,and synergy with standard chemotherapies in preclinical pancreatic cancer models.Resveratrol exhibits anti-proliferative effects by modulating key signaling pathways,including phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt),nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB),and tumor protein 53(p53).EGCG exerts anti-cancer activity by targeting multiple cellular processes,such as oxidative stress reduction,and suppression of inflammatory mediators like Interleukin-6(IL-6)and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α(TNF-α).Both EGCG and resveratrol exert anti-pancreatic cancer effects partly through direct interactions with cell surface receptors and modulation of intracellular cascades.EGCG targets the 67 kDa laminin receptor(67LR),which is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer cells,triggering apoptosis,cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)production and activation of the PKCδ/acid sphingomyelinase(ASM)cascade.Resveratrol inhibits insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor(IGF-1R)activation of the PI3K/Akt and Wnt signaling pathways,while concurrently activating tumor suppressor p53.These interactions suppress proliferation,promote apoptosis,and reduce epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),thereby limiting tumor progression.Both polyphenols enhance chemosensitivity and reduce resistance to conventional therapies,including gemcitabine,by modulating drug transporters and apoptotic pathways.Furthermore,their epigenetic influence,particularly via DNA methylation and histone modification,suggests a broader role in pancreatic cancer prevention.Understanding the roles and mechanisms of resveratrol and EGCG in pancreatic cancer provides valuable insights into novel treatment strategies.The integration of polyphenols into conventional therapeutic approaches may offer new hope for improving patient outcomes.展开更多
The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)that causes coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)has provoked a global pandemic,mainly affecting the respiratory tract;however,a percentage of infected indiv...The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)that causes coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)has provoked a global pandemic,mainly affecting the respiratory tract;however,a percentage of infected individuals can develop gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms.Some studies describe the development of GI symptoms and how they affect the progression of COVID-19.In this review,we summarize the main mechanisms associated with gut damage during infection by SARS-CoV-2 as well as other organs such as the liver and pancreas.Not only are host factors associated with severe COVID-19 but intestinal microbiota dysbiosis is also observed in patients with severe disease.展开更多
文摘Colorectal cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide.Despite notable advances in early detection and therapeutic strategies,the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor survival,chemotherapy resistance,and metastasis are not yet fully understood.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)have emerged as pivotal regulators of cancer development,as they modulate gene expression and orchestrate key signaling pathways.However,the epigenetic mechanisms that control miRNA expression and their downstream gene targets remain largely unclear.In this review,we highlight the critical role of the colorectal cancer microenvironment in influencing miRNA expression and discuss how this regulation contributes to tumorigenesis.A better understanding of these processes may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets and strategies to prevent recurrence.
文摘Emerging evidence highlights the potential of bioactive compounds,particularly polyphenols,as adjunctive therapeutic agents in the treatment of pancreatic cancer(PC),one of the most aggressive malignancies.This review focuses on epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)and resveratrol due to their extensively documented anticancer activity,favorable safety profiles,and their unique ability to modulate multiple signaling pathways relevant to pan-creatic tumorigenesis.Among polyphenols,these two have shown superior anti-cancer activity,epigenetic regulatory effects,and synergy with standard chemotherapies in preclinical pancreatic cancer models.Resveratrol exhibits anti-proliferative effects by modulating key signaling pathways,including phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt),nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB),and tumor protein 53(p53).EGCG exerts anti-cancer activity by targeting multiple cellular processes,such as oxidative stress reduction,and suppression of inflammatory mediators like Interleukin-6(IL-6)and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α(TNF-α).Both EGCG and resveratrol exert anti-pancreatic cancer effects partly through direct interactions with cell surface receptors and modulation of intracellular cascades.EGCG targets the 67 kDa laminin receptor(67LR),which is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer cells,triggering apoptosis,cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)production and activation of the PKCδ/acid sphingomyelinase(ASM)cascade.Resveratrol inhibits insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor(IGF-1R)activation of the PI3K/Akt and Wnt signaling pathways,while concurrently activating tumor suppressor p53.These interactions suppress proliferation,promote apoptosis,and reduce epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),thereby limiting tumor progression.Both polyphenols enhance chemosensitivity and reduce resistance to conventional therapies,including gemcitabine,by modulating drug transporters and apoptotic pathways.Furthermore,their epigenetic influence,particularly via DNA methylation and histone modification,suggests a broader role in pancreatic cancer prevention.Understanding the roles and mechanisms of resveratrol and EGCG in pancreatic cancer provides valuable insights into novel treatment strategies.The integration of polyphenols into conventional therapeutic approaches may offer new hope for improving patient outcomes.
文摘The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)that causes coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)has provoked a global pandemic,mainly affecting the respiratory tract;however,a percentage of infected individuals can develop gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms.Some studies describe the development of GI symptoms and how they affect the progression of COVID-19.In this review,we summarize the main mechanisms associated with gut damage during infection by SARS-CoV-2 as well as other organs such as the liver and pancreas.Not only are host factors associated with severe COVID-19 but intestinal microbiota dysbiosis is also observed in patients with severe disease.
