Background:We aimed to characterize the protective effects and the molecular mechanisms of action of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product(NTK)in response to a mastitis challenge.Eighteen mid-lactation multi...Background:We aimed to characterize the protective effects and the molecular mechanisms of action of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product(NTK)in response to a mastitis challenge.Eighteen mid-lactation multiparous Holstein cows(n=9/group)were fed the control diet(CON)or CON supplemented with 19 g/d NTK for 45 d(phase 1,P1)and then infected in the right rear quarter with 2500 CFU of Streptococcus uberis(phase 2,P2).After 36-h,mammary gland and liver biopsies were collected and antibiotic treatment started until the end of P2(9 d post challenge).Cows were then followed until day 75(phase 3,P3).Milk yield(MY)and dry matter intake(DMI)were recorded daily.Milk samples for somatic cell score were collected,and rectal and udder temperature,heart and respiration rate were recorded during the challenge period(P2)together with blood samples for metabolite and immune function analyses.Data were analyzed by phase using the PROC MIXED procedure in SAS.Biopsies were used for transcriptomic analysis via RNA-sequencing,followed by pathway analysis.Results:DMI and MY were not affected by diet in P1,but an interaction with time was recorded in P2 indicating a better recovery from the challenge in NTK compared with CON.NTK reduced rectal temperature,somatic cell score,and temperature of the infected quarter during the challenge.Transcriptome data supported these findings,as NTK supplementation upregulated mammary genes related to immune cell antibacterial function(e.g.,CATHL4,NOS2),epithelial tissue protection(e.g.IL17C),and anti-inflammatory activity(e.g.,ATF3,BAG3,IER3,G-CSF,GRO1,ZFAND2A).Pathway analysis indicated upregulation of tumor necrosis factorα,heat shock protein response,and p21 related pathways in the response to mastitis in NTK cows.Other pathways for detoxification and cytoprotection functions along with the tight junction pathway were also upregulated in NTK-fed cows.Conclusions:Overall,results highlighted molecular networks involved in the protective effect of NTK prophylactic supplementation on udder health during a subclinical mastitic event.展开更多
Background:Nutritional management in the dry period can alter body condition score(BCS)in dairy cows,a subjective measure of body fat.As such,differences in BCS during late-pregnancy not only mirror nutrient utilizati...Background:Nutritional management in the dry period can alter body condition score(BCS)in dairy cows,a subjective measure of body fat.As such,differences in BCS during late-pregnancy not only mirror nutrient utilization by fat depots,but also can play important roles on the metabolic and hormonal environment.We investigated the association between cow BCS during late-pregnancy on developmental parameters and blood variables of neonatal calves.Forty-nine multiparous Holstein cows were retrospectively divided by prepartal BCS into normal BCS≤3.25(NormBCS;3.02±0.17,n=30)or high BCS≥3.75(HighBCS;3.83±0.15,n=19)groups.Plasma samples were collected from cows at−10 d relative to parturition.Body weight,hip and wither height,hip width and body length were measured at birth and weekly through weaning(42 d of age)and until 9 weeks of age.Calf blood samples were collected from the jugular vein at birth(before receiving colostrum,0 d),24 h after first colostrum and at 7,21,42 and 50 d of age.The data were subjected to ANOVA using the mixed procedure of SAS.The statistical model included day,BCS,and their interactions.Results:Dry matter intake(kg/d or%of body weight)during the last 4 weeks of pregnancy was lower(P≤0.06)in HighBCS cows.Plasma concentrations of fatty acids,ceruloplasmin,and nitric oxide were greater overall(P<0.05)at d−10 prior to calving in HighBCS cows,and they tended(P=0.08)to have greater concentrations of reactive oxygen metabolites.Birth body weight was lower(P=0.03)in calves born to dams with HighBCS.In addition,plasma concentrations of fatty acids,albumin and urea(P<0.05)were greater in those calves.Although calves born to cows with HighBCS maintained a lower postnatal body weight(P=0.04),hip and wither height,hip width,and body length,there was no difference(P>0.05)in daily starter intake and average daily gain due to maternal BCS.Conclusions:Overall,results highlight an association between BCS during late-gestation on in utero calf development and postnatal growth.A high maternal BCS during late-gestation was associated with lower calf body weights,which could be due to lower maternal intakes and a state of inflammation and metabolic stress.展开更多
文摘Background:We aimed to characterize the protective effects and the molecular mechanisms of action of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product(NTK)in response to a mastitis challenge.Eighteen mid-lactation multiparous Holstein cows(n=9/group)were fed the control diet(CON)or CON supplemented with 19 g/d NTK for 45 d(phase 1,P1)and then infected in the right rear quarter with 2500 CFU of Streptococcus uberis(phase 2,P2).After 36-h,mammary gland and liver biopsies were collected and antibiotic treatment started until the end of P2(9 d post challenge).Cows were then followed until day 75(phase 3,P3).Milk yield(MY)and dry matter intake(DMI)were recorded daily.Milk samples for somatic cell score were collected,and rectal and udder temperature,heart and respiration rate were recorded during the challenge period(P2)together with blood samples for metabolite and immune function analyses.Data were analyzed by phase using the PROC MIXED procedure in SAS.Biopsies were used for transcriptomic analysis via RNA-sequencing,followed by pathway analysis.Results:DMI and MY were not affected by diet in P1,but an interaction with time was recorded in P2 indicating a better recovery from the challenge in NTK compared with CON.NTK reduced rectal temperature,somatic cell score,and temperature of the infected quarter during the challenge.Transcriptome data supported these findings,as NTK supplementation upregulated mammary genes related to immune cell antibacterial function(e.g.,CATHL4,NOS2),epithelial tissue protection(e.g.IL17C),and anti-inflammatory activity(e.g.,ATF3,BAG3,IER3,G-CSF,GRO1,ZFAND2A).Pathway analysis indicated upregulation of tumor necrosis factorα,heat shock protein response,and p21 related pathways in the response to mastitis in NTK cows.Other pathways for detoxification and cytoprotection functions along with the tight junction pathway were also upregulated in NTK-fed cows.Conclusions:Overall,results highlighted molecular networks involved in the protective effect of NTK prophylactic supplementation on udder health during a subclinical mastitic event.
基金The authors acknowledge funding from the Research and Development(R&D)Program(Research Pooling Initiative),Ministry of Education,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia,(RPI-KSU)Authors also extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for partial funding through research project number RG-1436-021Partial support from Hatch funds under project ILLU-538-914(National Institute of Food and Agriculture,Washington,DC)is also acknowledged。
文摘Background:Nutritional management in the dry period can alter body condition score(BCS)in dairy cows,a subjective measure of body fat.As such,differences in BCS during late-pregnancy not only mirror nutrient utilization by fat depots,but also can play important roles on the metabolic and hormonal environment.We investigated the association between cow BCS during late-pregnancy on developmental parameters and blood variables of neonatal calves.Forty-nine multiparous Holstein cows were retrospectively divided by prepartal BCS into normal BCS≤3.25(NormBCS;3.02±0.17,n=30)or high BCS≥3.75(HighBCS;3.83±0.15,n=19)groups.Plasma samples were collected from cows at−10 d relative to parturition.Body weight,hip and wither height,hip width and body length were measured at birth and weekly through weaning(42 d of age)and until 9 weeks of age.Calf blood samples were collected from the jugular vein at birth(before receiving colostrum,0 d),24 h after first colostrum and at 7,21,42 and 50 d of age.The data were subjected to ANOVA using the mixed procedure of SAS.The statistical model included day,BCS,and their interactions.Results:Dry matter intake(kg/d or%of body weight)during the last 4 weeks of pregnancy was lower(P≤0.06)in HighBCS cows.Plasma concentrations of fatty acids,ceruloplasmin,and nitric oxide were greater overall(P<0.05)at d−10 prior to calving in HighBCS cows,and they tended(P=0.08)to have greater concentrations of reactive oxygen metabolites.Birth body weight was lower(P=0.03)in calves born to dams with HighBCS.In addition,plasma concentrations of fatty acids,albumin and urea(P<0.05)were greater in those calves.Although calves born to cows with HighBCS maintained a lower postnatal body weight(P=0.04),hip and wither height,hip width,and body length,there was no difference(P>0.05)in daily starter intake and average daily gain due to maternal BCS.Conclusions:Overall,results highlight an association between BCS during late-gestation on in utero calf development and postnatal growth.A high maternal BCS during late-gestation was associated with lower calf body weights,which could be due to lower maternal intakes and a state of inflammation and metabolic stress.
