An IMC-PID controller was proposed for unstable second-order time delay system which shows the characteristics of inverse response(RHP zero). A plot of Ms versus λ was suggested to calculate the suitable tuning param...An IMC-PID controller was proposed for unstable second-order time delay system which shows the characteristics of inverse response(RHP zero). A plot of Ms versus λ was suggested to calculate the suitable tuning parameter λ, which provides a trade-off between performance and robustness. Six different forms of process models were selected from literature to show the applicability of the present method. Performance of controller was calculated by ITAE and total variation TV and compared with recently published tuning rules. Undesirable overshoot was removed by using a set-point weighting parameter. Robustness was tested by introducing a perturbation into the various model parameters and closed-loop results show that the designed controller is robust in the case of model uncertainty. The proposed method shows an overall better closed-loop response as compared to other recently reported methods.展开更多
Cefuroxime axetil,a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic,has long been utilized to treat various bacterial infections.However,recent advances in nanotechnology have provided new directions for enhancing its effe...Cefuroxime axetil,a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic,has long been utilized to treat various bacterial infections.However,recent advances in nanotechnology have provided new directions for enhancing its effectiveness through the development of innovative nanoformulations.Cefuroxime axetil,which is classified as aβ-lactam agent,has a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.This drug exists in polymorphous crystalline and amorphous forms,the latter of which exhibits superior bioavailability.This review explores the pharmacokinetic and various pharmacodynamic properties and mechanisms of action of cefuroxime axetil.Moreover,the challenges posed by the drug’s poor aqueous solubility and bioavailability,and the potential of nanoformulations to address these limitations and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of this agent,are discussed.展开更多
基金India (MHRD, India) for providing financial support
文摘An IMC-PID controller was proposed for unstable second-order time delay system which shows the characteristics of inverse response(RHP zero). A plot of Ms versus λ was suggested to calculate the suitable tuning parameter λ, which provides a trade-off between performance and robustness. Six different forms of process models were selected from literature to show the applicability of the present method. Performance of controller was calculated by ITAE and total variation TV and compared with recently published tuning rules. Undesirable overshoot was removed by using a set-point weighting parameter. Robustness was tested by introducing a perturbation into the various model parameters and closed-loop results show that the designed controller is robust in the case of model uncertainty. The proposed method shows an overall better closed-loop response as compared to other recently reported methods.
文摘Cefuroxime axetil,a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic,has long been utilized to treat various bacterial infections.However,recent advances in nanotechnology have provided new directions for enhancing its effectiveness through the development of innovative nanoformulations.Cefuroxime axetil,which is classified as aβ-lactam agent,has a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.This drug exists in polymorphous crystalline and amorphous forms,the latter of which exhibits superior bioavailability.This review explores the pharmacokinetic and various pharmacodynamic properties and mechanisms of action of cefuroxime axetil.Moreover,the challenges posed by the drug’s poor aqueous solubility and bioavailability,and the potential of nanoformulations to address these limitations and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of this agent,are discussed.
