In this editorial,we comment on the article by Mu et al,published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.We pay special attention to the immune tolerance mechanism caused by hepatitis B ...In this editorial,we comment on the article by Mu et al,published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.We pay special attention to the immune tolerance mechanism caused by hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection,the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and the role of antiviral therapy in treating HCC related to HBV infection.HBV infection leads to systemic innate immune tolerance by directly inhibiting pattern recognition receptor recognition and antiviral signaling pathways,as well as by inhibiting the immune functions of macrophages,natural killer cells and dendritic cells.In addition,HBV leads to an immunosuppressive cascade by expressing inhibitory molecules to induce exhaustion of HBV-specific cluster of differentiation 8+T cells,ultimately leading to long-term viral infection.The loss of immune cell function caused by HBV infection ultimately leads to HCC.Long-term antiviral therapy can improve the prognosis of patients with HCC and prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis.展开更多
In this editorial,we comment on the article by Mei et al.Nonalcoholic steatohep-atitis(NASH)is a severe inflammatory subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)with pathological features including steatosis,hep...In this editorial,we comment on the article by Mei et al.Nonalcoholic steatohep-atitis(NASH)is a severe inflammatory subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)with pathological features including steatosis,hepatocellular damage,and varying degrees of fibrosis.With the epidemic of metabolic diseases and obesity,the prevalence of NAFLD in China has increased,and it is now similar to that in developed countries;thus,NAFLD has become a major chronic liver disease in China.Human epidemiological data suggest that estrogen has a protective effect on NASH in premenopausal women and that sex hormones influence the development of liver disease.This review focuses on the path-ogenesis,treatment,and relationship between NASH and other diseases as well as on the relationship between NASH and sex hormone metabolism,with the aim of providing new strategies for the treatment of NASH.展开更多
The mononuclear phagocyte system(MPS)consists of monocytes,dendritic cells and macrophages,which play vital roles in innate immune defense against cancer.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a complex disease that is affec...The mononuclear phagocyte system(MPS)consists of monocytes,dendritic cells and macrophages,which play vital roles in innate immune defense against cancer.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a complex disease that is affected or initiated by many factors,including chronic hepatitis B virus infection,hepatitis C virus infection,metabolic disorders or alcohol consumption.Liver function,tumor stage and the performance status of patients affect HCC clinical outcomes.Studies have shown that targeted treatment of tumor microenvironment disorders may improve the efficacy of HCC treatments.Cytokines derived from the innate immune response can regulate T-cell differentiation,thereby shaping adaptive immunity,which is associated with the prognosis of HCC.Therefore,it is important to elucidate the function of the MPS in the progression of HCC.In this review,we outline the impact of HCC on the MPS.We illustrate how HCC reshapes MPS cell phenotype remodeling and the production of associated cytokines and characterize the function and impairment of the MPS in HCC.展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81970529the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province,No.20230508074RC and No.YDZJ202401218ZYTS.
文摘In this editorial,we comment on the article by Mu et al,published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.We pay special attention to the immune tolerance mechanism caused by hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection,the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and the role of antiviral therapy in treating HCC related to HBV infection.HBV infection leads to systemic innate immune tolerance by directly inhibiting pattern recognition receptor recognition and antiviral signaling pathways,as well as by inhibiting the immune functions of macrophages,natural killer cells and dendritic cells.In addition,HBV leads to an immunosuppressive cascade by expressing inhibitory molecules to induce exhaustion of HBV-specific cluster of differentiation 8+T cells,ultimately leading to long-term viral infection.The loss of immune cell function caused by HBV infection ultimately leads to HCC.Long-term antiviral therapy can improve the prognosis of patients with HCC and prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81970529and the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province,No.20230508074RCand No.YDZJ202401218ZYTS.
文摘In this editorial,we comment on the article by Mei et al.Nonalcoholic steatohep-atitis(NASH)is a severe inflammatory subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)with pathological features including steatosis,hepatocellular damage,and varying degrees of fibrosis.With the epidemic of metabolic diseases and obesity,the prevalence of NAFLD in China has increased,and it is now similar to that in developed countries;thus,NAFLD has become a major chronic liver disease in China.Human epidemiological data suggest that estrogen has a protective effect on NASH in premenopausal women and that sex hormones influence the development of liver disease.This review focuses on the path-ogenesis,treatment,and relationship between NASH and other diseases as well as on the relationship between NASH and sex hormone metabolism,with the aim of providing new strategies for the treatment of NASH.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No 81970529The Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province,No.20200201387JC.
文摘The mononuclear phagocyte system(MPS)consists of monocytes,dendritic cells and macrophages,which play vital roles in innate immune defense against cancer.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a complex disease that is affected or initiated by many factors,including chronic hepatitis B virus infection,hepatitis C virus infection,metabolic disorders or alcohol consumption.Liver function,tumor stage and the performance status of patients affect HCC clinical outcomes.Studies have shown that targeted treatment of tumor microenvironment disorders may improve the efficacy of HCC treatments.Cytokines derived from the innate immune response can regulate T-cell differentiation,thereby shaping adaptive immunity,which is associated with the prognosis of HCC.Therefore,it is important to elucidate the function of the MPS in the progression of HCC.In this review,we outline the impact of HCC on the MPS.We illustrate how HCC reshapes MPS cell phenotype remodeling and the production of associated cytokines and characterize the function and impairment of the MPS in HCC.
