Background:The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)of China is an extensive pastoral and semi-pastoral area,and because of poverty and bad hygiene conditions,Brucella is highly prevalent in this region.In order to adequately pr...Background:The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)of China is an extensive pastoral and semi-pastoral area,and because of poverty and bad hygiene conditions,Brucella is highly prevalent in this region.In order to adequately prevent this disease in the QTP region it is important to determine the identity of Brucella species that caused the infection.Methods:A total of 65 Brucella isolates were obtained from human,livestock and wild animals in Qinghai,a Chinese province in east of the QTP.Two molecular typing methods,MLVA(multi-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis)and MLST(multi locus sequence typing)were used to identify the species and genotypes of these isolates.Findings:Both MLVA and MLST typing methods classified the 65 isolates into three species,B.melitensis,B.abortus and B.suis,which included 60,4 and 1 isolates respectively.The MLVA method uniquely detected 34(Bm01~Bm34),3(Ba01~Ba03),and 1(Bs01)MLVA-16 genotypes for B.melitensis,B.abortus and B.suis,respectively.However,none of these genotypes exactly matched any of the genotypes in the Brucella2012 MLVA database.The MLST method identified five known ST types:ST7 and ST8(B.melitensis),ST2 and ST5(B.abortus),and ST14(B.suis).We also detected a strain with a mutant type(3-2-3-2-?-5-3-8-2)of ST8(3-2-3-2-1-5-3-8-2).Extensive genotype-sharing events could be observed among isolates from different host species.Conclusions:There were at least three Brucella(B.melitensis,B.abortus and B.suis)species in Qinghai,of which B.melitensis was the predominant species in the area examined.The Brucella population in Qinghai was very different from other regions of the world,possibly owing to the unique geographical characteristics such as extremely high altitude in QTP.There were extensive genotype-sharing events between isolates obtained from humans and other animals.Yaks,sheep and blue sheep were important zoonotic reservoirs of brucellosis causing species found in humans.展开更多
Background:Brucellosis was a common human and livestock disease caused by Brucella strains,the category B priority pathogens by the US Center for Disease Control(CDC).Identified as a priority disease in human and live...Background:Brucellosis was a common human and livestock disease caused by Brucella strains,the category B priority pathogens by the US Center for Disease Control(CDC).Identified as a priority disease in human and livestock populations,the increasing incidence in recent years in China needs urgent control measures for this disease but the molecular background important for monitoring the epidemiology of Brucella strains at the national level is still lacking.Methods:A total of 600 Brucella isolates collected during 60 years(from 1953 to 2013)in China were genotyped by multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis(MLVA)and the variation degree of MLVA11 loci was calculated by the Hunter Gaston Diversity Index(HGDI)values.The charts and map were processed by Excel 2013,and cluster analysis and epidemiological distribution was performed using BioNumerics(version 5.1).Results:The 600 representative Brucella isolates fell into 104 genotypes with 58 singleton genotypes by the MLVA11 assay,including B.melitensis biovars 2 and 3(five main genotypes),B.abortus biovars 1 and 3(two main genotypes),B.suis biovars 1 and 3(three main genotypes),and B.canis(two main genotypes)respectively.While most B.suis biovar 1 and biovar 3 were respectively found in northern provinces and southern provinces,B.melitensis and B.abortus strains were dominant in China.Canine Brucellosis was only found in animals without any human cases reported.Eight Brucellosis epidemic peaks emerged during the 60 years between 1953 and 2013:1955-1959,1962-1969,1971-1975,1977-1983,1985-1989,1992-1997,2000-2008 and 2010-2013 in China.Conclusions:Brucellosis has its unique molecular epidemiological patterns with specific spatial and temporal distribution according to MLVA.Trial registration:IDOP-D-16-00101.展开更多
Background:Brucellosis is an infectious-allergic zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella.Early diagnosis is the key to preventing,treating,and controlling brucellosis.Fluorescence polarization immuno...Background:Brucellosis is an infectious-allergic zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella.Early diagnosis is the key to preventing,treating,and controlling brucellosis.Fluorescence polarization immunoassay(FPA)is a new immunoassay for relatively rapid and accurate detection of antibodies or antigens based on antigen-antibody interaction.However,there is no report on FPA-based detection of human brucellosis in China.Therefore,this study is to evaluate the value of FPA for the diagnosis of human brucellosis in China.展开更多
Background:The prevalence of human brucellosis in Qinghai Province of China has been increasing rapidly,with confirmed cases distributed across 31 counties.However,the epidemiology of brucellosis transmission has not ...Background:The prevalence of human brucellosis in Qinghai Province of China has been increasing rapidly,with confirmed cases distributed across 31 counties.However,the epidemiology of brucellosis transmission has not been fully elucidated.To characterize the infecting strains isolated from humans,multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeats analysis(MLVA)and whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)-based approaches were employed.Methods:Strains were isolated from two males blood cultures that were confirmed Brucella m elitensis positive following biotyping and MLVA.Genomic DNA was extracted from these two strains,and whole-genome sequencing was performed.Next,SNP-based phylogenetic analysis was performed to compare the two strains to 94 B.melitensis strains(complete genome and draft genome)retrieved from online databases.Results:The two Brucella isolates were identified as B.melitensis biovar 3(QH2019001 and QH2019005)following conventional biotyping and were found to have differences in their variable number tandem repeats(VNTRs)using MLVA-16.Phylogenetic examination assigned the 96 strains to five genotype groups,with QH2019001 and QH2019005 assigned to the same group,but different subgroups.Moreover,the QH2019005 strain was assigned to a new subgenotype,llj,within genotype II.These findings were then combined to determine the geographic origin of the two Brucella strains.Conclusions:Utilizing a whole-genome SNP-based approach enabled differences between the two B.m elitensis strains to be more clearly resolved,and facilitated the elucidation of their different evolutionary histories.This approach also revealed that QH2019005 is a member of a new subgenotype(Hj)with an ancient origin in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.展开更多
Background:Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Brucella spp.Brucella invades the body through the skin mucosa,digestive tract,and respiratory tract.However,only a few studies on human spontaneous abo...Background:Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Brucella spp.Brucella invades the body through the skin mucosa,digestive tract,and respiratory tract.However,only a few studies on human spontaneous abortion attributable to Brucella have been reported.In this work,the patient living in Shanxi Province in China who had suffered a spontaneous abortion was underwent pathogen detection and Brucella melitensis biovar 3 was identified.Case presentation:The patient in this study was 22 years old.On July 16,2015,she was admitted to Shanxi Grand Hospital,Shanxi Province,China because of one day of vaginal bleeding and three days of abdominal distension accompanied by fever after five months of amenorrhea.A serum tube agglutination test for brucellosis and blood culture were positive.At the time of discharge,she was prescribed oral doxycycline(100 mg/dose,twice a day)and rifampicin(600 mg/dose,once daily)for 6 weeks as recommended by the World Health Organization(WHO).No recurrence was observed during the six months of follow-up after the cessation of antibiotic treatment.Conclusions:This is the first reported case of miscarriage resulting from Brucella melitensis biovar 3 isolated from a pregnant woman who was infected through unpasteurized milk in China.Brucellosis infection was overlooked in the Maternity Hospital because of physician unawareness.Early recognition and prompt treatment of brucellosis infection are crucial for a successful outcome in pregnancy.展开更多
Background:Human brucellosis is a neglected public health issue in China and reports of HIV-infected individuals complicated with brucellosis are rare.This report describes the case of an HIV-infected patient complica...Background:Human brucellosis is a neglected public health issue in China and reports of HIV-infected individuals complicated with brucellosis are rare.This report describes the case of an HIV-infected patient complicated with brucellosis.We want to raise awareness of clinical diagnosis of brucellosis among clinicians.Furthermore,we should be more concerned about cases with pyrexia of unknown origin,especially in non-epidemic areas of brucellosis in China.Case presentation:We encountered the case of a 31-year-old HIV-infected male with a CD4+T lymphocyte count of approximately 300.On May 1,2019,the patient had onset of non-specific caustic irregular fever with body temperature reaching 41.0°C.He was admitted to two medical institutions in Yunnan with pyrexia of unknown origin.Finally,on day 7 of hospitalization in the Public Health Clinical Medical Center in Chengdu City,he was diagnosed as having brucellosis infection based on blood culture results.Conclusions:This is the first reported case of brucellosis concomitant with HIV infection in China.Laboratories in infectious disease hospitals and category A level III hospitals in the southern provinces of China should be equipped with reagents for clinical diagnosis of brucellosis and to strengthen the awareness of brucellosis diagnosis in China.Secondly,in provinces with a high incidence of AIDS and brucellosis such as Xinjiang and Henan,it is recommended to implement a joint examination strategy to ensure the early detection,diagnosis,and treatment of this infection.展开更多
To acquire data of Brucella cellular fatty acids(CFAs)and probe into the possibility of utilizing CFAs information in typing Brucella,19 reference strains were subjected to CFAs study.After all strains were inoculated...To acquire data of Brucella cellular fatty acids(CFAs)and probe into the possibility of utilizing CFAs information in typing Brucella,19 reference strains were subjected to CFAs study.After all strains were inoculated on Brucella Agar plates,the cells were harvested,saponificated,methylated and extracted to provide fatty acid methylesters for gas chromatography(GC)analysis.Based on the CFAs data matrix,a dendrogram of 19 reference strains was generated by SPSS11.5 software package.The results showed that 19 reference strains were divided intofive clusters:cluster 1 included B.suis(bv.1,2,3,5)and B.ovis;cluster 2 included B.abortus(bv.3,4,5,6)and B.melitensis(bv.1,2,3);cluster 3 included B.abortus(bv.1,2,7,9)and B.neotomae;cluster 4 was B.suis(bv.4);and cluster 5 was B.canis.Typing Brucella by GC analysis of CFAs is a good method to reflect drug resistance of Brucella,and the classification is beneficial for clinical therapy.It also provides a new result of typing and demonstrates that the traditional classification is not completely reasonable.CFAs analysis may identify B.suis(bv.4)and B.canis.展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology Plan of Qinghai Province(NO.2013-Z-749)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(NO.2015352).
文摘Background:The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)of China is an extensive pastoral and semi-pastoral area,and because of poverty and bad hygiene conditions,Brucella is highly prevalent in this region.In order to adequately prevent this disease in the QTP region it is important to determine the identity of Brucella species that caused the infection.Methods:A total of 65 Brucella isolates were obtained from human,livestock and wild animals in Qinghai,a Chinese province in east of the QTP.Two molecular typing methods,MLVA(multi-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis)and MLST(multi locus sequence typing)were used to identify the species and genotypes of these isolates.Findings:Both MLVA and MLST typing methods classified the 65 isolates into three species,B.melitensis,B.abortus and B.suis,which included 60,4 and 1 isolates respectively.The MLVA method uniquely detected 34(Bm01~Bm34),3(Ba01~Ba03),and 1(Bs01)MLVA-16 genotypes for B.melitensis,B.abortus and B.suis,respectively.However,none of these genotypes exactly matched any of the genotypes in the Brucella2012 MLVA database.The MLST method identified five known ST types:ST7 and ST8(B.melitensis),ST2 and ST5(B.abortus),and ST14(B.suis).We also detected a strain with a mutant type(3-2-3-2-?-5-3-8-2)of ST8(3-2-3-2-1-5-3-8-2).Extensive genotype-sharing events could be observed among isolates from different host species.Conclusions:There were at least three Brucella(B.melitensis,B.abortus and B.suis)species in Qinghai,of which B.melitensis was the predominant species in the area examined.The Brucella population in Qinghai was very different from other regions of the world,possibly owing to the unique geographical characteristics such as extremely high altitude in QTP.There were extensive genotype-sharing events between isolates obtained from humans and other animals.Yaks,sheep and blue sheep were important zoonotic reservoirs of brucellosis causing species found in humans.
基金This study was supported by grants from the Chinese National Programs for High Technology Research and Development:Lab Infectious Materials and Biological Risk Source Key Technology and Product Research(No.2014AA021404)the National Nature Science Foundation(No.81271900).
文摘Background:Brucellosis was a common human and livestock disease caused by Brucella strains,the category B priority pathogens by the US Center for Disease Control(CDC).Identified as a priority disease in human and livestock populations,the increasing incidence in recent years in China needs urgent control measures for this disease but the molecular background important for monitoring the epidemiology of Brucella strains at the national level is still lacking.Methods:A total of 600 Brucella isolates collected during 60 years(from 1953 to 2013)in China were genotyped by multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis(MLVA)and the variation degree of MLVA11 loci was calculated by the Hunter Gaston Diversity Index(HGDI)values.The charts and map were processed by Excel 2013,and cluster analysis and epidemiological distribution was performed using BioNumerics(version 5.1).Results:The 600 representative Brucella isolates fell into 104 genotypes with 58 singleton genotypes by the MLVA11 assay,including B.melitensis biovars 2 and 3(five main genotypes),B.abortus biovars 1 and 3(two main genotypes),B.suis biovars 1 and 3(three main genotypes),and B.canis(two main genotypes)respectively.While most B.suis biovar 1 and biovar 3 were respectively found in northern provinces and southern provinces,B.melitensis and B.abortus strains were dominant in China.Canine Brucellosis was only found in animals without any human cases reported.Eight Brucellosis epidemic peaks emerged during the 60 years between 1953 and 2013:1955-1959,1962-1969,1971-1975,1977-1983,1985-1989,1992-1997,2000-2008 and 2010-2013 in China.Conclusions:Brucellosis has its unique molecular epidemiological patterns with specific spatial and temporal distribution according to MLVA.Trial registration:IDOP-D-16-00101.
文摘Background:Brucellosis is an infectious-allergic zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella.Early diagnosis is the key to preventing,treating,and controlling brucellosis.Fluorescence polarization immunoassay(FPA)is a new immunoassay for relatively rapid and accurate detection of antibodies or antigens based on antigen-antibody interaction.However,there is no report on FPA-based detection of human brucellosis in China.Therefore,this study is to evaluate the value of FPA for the diagnosis of human brucellosis in China.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0907101)Major Infectious Diseases such as AIDS and Viral Hepatitis Prevention and Control Technology Major Projects(2018ZX10201002)the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(81860588).
文摘Background:The prevalence of human brucellosis in Qinghai Province of China has been increasing rapidly,with confirmed cases distributed across 31 counties.However,the epidemiology of brucellosis transmission has not been fully elucidated.To characterize the infecting strains isolated from humans,multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeats analysis(MLVA)and whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)-based approaches were employed.Methods:Strains were isolated from two males blood cultures that were confirmed Brucella m elitensis positive following biotyping and MLVA.Genomic DNA was extracted from these two strains,and whole-genome sequencing was performed.Next,SNP-based phylogenetic analysis was performed to compare the two strains to 94 B.melitensis strains(complete genome and draft genome)retrieved from online databases.Results:The two Brucella isolates were identified as B.melitensis biovar 3(QH2019001 and QH2019005)following conventional biotyping and were found to have differences in their variable number tandem repeats(VNTRs)using MLVA-16.Phylogenetic examination assigned the 96 strains to five genotype groups,with QH2019001 and QH2019005 assigned to the same group,but different subgroups.Moreover,the QH2019005 strain was assigned to a new subgenotype,llj,within genotype II.These findings were then combined to determine the geographic origin of the two Brucella strains.Conclusions:Utilizing a whole-genome SNP-based approach enabled differences between the two B.m elitensis strains to be more clearly resolved,and facilitated the elucidation of their different evolutionary histories.This approach also revealed that QH2019005 is a member of a new subgenotype(Hj)with an ancient origin in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.
基金This study was supported by the Science and Technology Project of the Shanxi Province Health and Family Planning Commission(No.2011077)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81271900)The funders contributed to the study design and data collection.
文摘Background:Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Brucella spp.Brucella invades the body through the skin mucosa,digestive tract,and respiratory tract.However,only a few studies on human spontaneous abortion attributable to Brucella have been reported.In this work,the patient living in Shanxi Province in China who had suffered a spontaneous abortion was underwent pathogen detection and Brucella melitensis biovar 3 was identified.Case presentation:The patient in this study was 22 years old.On July 16,2015,she was admitted to Shanxi Grand Hospital,Shanxi Province,China because of one day of vaginal bleeding and three days of abdominal distension accompanied by fever after five months of amenorrhea.A serum tube agglutination test for brucellosis and blood culture were positive.At the time of discharge,she was prescribed oral doxycycline(100 mg/dose,twice a day)and rifampicin(600 mg/dose,once daily)for 6 weeks as recommended by the World Health Organization(WHO).No recurrence was observed during the six months of follow-up after the cessation of antibiotic treatment.Conclusions:This is the first reported case of miscarriage resulting from Brucella melitensis biovar 3 isolated from a pregnant woman who was infected through unpasteurized milk in China.Brucellosis infection was overlooked in the Maternity Hospital because of physician unawareness.Early recognition and prompt treatment of brucellosis infection are crucial for a successful outcome in pregnancy.
基金This study was funded by Major Infectious Diseases such as AIDS and Viral Hepatitis Prevention and Control technology major projects grants(No.2018ZX10101002)Major Infectious Diseases such as AIDS and Viral Hepatitis Prevention and Control technology major projects grants(No.2018ZX10201002).
文摘Background:Human brucellosis is a neglected public health issue in China and reports of HIV-infected individuals complicated with brucellosis are rare.This report describes the case of an HIV-infected patient complicated with brucellosis.We want to raise awareness of clinical diagnosis of brucellosis among clinicians.Furthermore,we should be more concerned about cases with pyrexia of unknown origin,especially in non-epidemic areas of brucellosis in China.Case presentation:We encountered the case of a 31-year-old HIV-infected male with a CD4+T lymphocyte count of approximately 300.On May 1,2019,the patient had onset of non-specific caustic irregular fever with body temperature reaching 41.0°C.He was admitted to two medical institutions in Yunnan with pyrexia of unknown origin.Finally,on day 7 of hospitalization in the Public Health Clinical Medical Center in Chengdu City,he was diagnosed as having brucellosis infection based on blood culture results.Conclusions:This is the first reported case of brucellosis concomitant with HIV infection in China.Laboratories in infectious disease hospitals and category A level III hospitals in the southern provinces of China should be equipped with reagents for clinical diagnosis of brucellosis and to strengthen the awareness of brucellosis diagnosis in China.Secondly,in provinces with a high incidence of AIDS and brucellosis such as Xinjiang and Henan,it is recommended to implement a joint examination strategy to ensure the early detection,diagnosis,and treatment of this infection.
基金supported by a grant from the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2007AA02Z410).
文摘To acquire data of Brucella cellular fatty acids(CFAs)and probe into the possibility of utilizing CFAs information in typing Brucella,19 reference strains were subjected to CFAs study.After all strains were inoculated on Brucella Agar plates,the cells were harvested,saponificated,methylated and extracted to provide fatty acid methylesters for gas chromatography(GC)analysis.Based on the CFAs data matrix,a dendrogram of 19 reference strains was generated by SPSS11.5 software package.The results showed that 19 reference strains were divided intofive clusters:cluster 1 included B.suis(bv.1,2,3,5)and B.ovis;cluster 2 included B.abortus(bv.3,4,5,6)and B.melitensis(bv.1,2,3);cluster 3 included B.abortus(bv.1,2,7,9)and B.neotomae;cluster 4 was B.suis(bv.4);and cluster 5 was B.canis.Typing Brucella by GC analysis of CFAs is a good method to reflect drug resistance of Brucella,and the classification is beneficial for clinical therapy.It also provides a new result of typing and demonstrates that the traditional classification is not completely reasonable.CFAs analysis may identify B.suis(bv.4)and B.canis.
