To develop herbicides with a novel mechanism of action,a series of 1,3,4-oxadiazolpyridine derivatives were designed and synthesized based on active substructure splicing and structure optimization.These derivatives(5...To develop herbicides with a novel mechanism of action,a series of 1,3,4-oxadiazolpyridine derivatives were designed and synthesized based on active substructure splicing and structure optimization.These derivatives(5aa-5bd)were characterized by their melting points,^(1)H and^(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,and high-resolution mass spectrometry.The configuration of 5 al was determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction.Additionally,5 al exhibited excellent herbicidal activity at a dosage of 75 g/hm^(2),showing an EC 50 of 4.03 g/hm^(2)against both E.crus-galli and quinclorac-resistant E.crus-galli.At a dosage of 375 g/hm 2,5 al was safe for application on rice and sorghum and showed low toxicity(>200μg/g)towards Apis mellifera.After treatment with 5 al,the lamellae of the chloroplast grana of barnyard grass leaves were stacked disorderly and arranged loosely,and some thylakoids were broken,as observed by transmission electron microscopy.Transcriptomics analysis of E.crus-galli revealed that 5 al affects the defense response,membranes,plasma membranes,and chloroplasts of differentially expressed genes,which alter membrane permeability and energy metabolism,potentially leading to plant death.Thus,we successfully developed a novel molecular scaffold with a new mechanism of action that exhibits herbicidal activity against resistant E.crus-galli.Therefore,further development of lead herbicides based on this scaffold is required.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1400504)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2024JJ2036)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of China(32172433)Foundation for Tobacco Science of China National Tobacco Corporation(110202401015,(LS-05))Scientific-Innovative of Hunan Agricultural Sciences and Technology(2024CX69)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-16-E19)。
文摘To develop herbicides with a novel mechanism of action,a series of 1,3,4-oxadiazolpyridine derivatives were designed and synthesized based on active substructure splicing and structure optimization.These derivatives(5aa-5bd)were characterized by their melting points,^(1)H and^(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,and high-resolution mass spectrometry.The configuration of 5 al was determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction.Additionally,5 al exhibited excellent herbicidal activity at a dosage of 75 g/hm^(2),showing an EC 50 of 4.03 g/hm^(2)against both E.crus-galli and quinclorac-resistant E.crus-galli.At a dosage of 375 g/hm 2,5 al was safe for application on rice and sorghum and showed low toxicity(>200μg/g)towards Apis mellifera.After treatment with 5 al,the lamellae of the chloroplast grana of barnyard grass leaves were stacked disorderly and arranged loosely,and some thylakoids were broken,as observed by transmission electron microscopy.Transcriptomics analysis of E.crus-galli revealed that 5 al affects the defense response,membranes,plasma membranes,and chloroplasts of differentially expressed genes,which alter membrane permeability and energy metabolism,potentially leading to plant death.Thus,we successfully developed a novel molecular scaffold with a new mechanism of action that exhibits herbicidal activity against resistant E.crus-galli.Therefore,further development of lead herbicides based on this scaffold is required.
